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APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM - IVY TECH 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM., Exams of Advanced Education

Chamberlain College of NursingAdvanced Education

APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM - IVY TECH 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR GRADES.

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2024/2025

Available from 04/02/2025

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APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM - IVY TECH 2025|
BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100%
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
1. How is metabolic acidosis caused? - correct answer - When the
body produces too much acid or the kidneys are not removing
enough acid from the body
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Download APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM - IVY TECH 2025| BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM. and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

APHY 102 MIDTERM EXAM - IVY TECH 2025|

BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100%

VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

SOLUTIONS| GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE

YOUR GRADES.

  1. How is metabolic acidosis caused? - correct answer - When the body produces too much acid or the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body
  1. What is produced during nucleic acid metabolism? - correct answer - protein/polypeptide chain
  2. How is water involved in metabolism? - correct answer - Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body. It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies and oxygen through the blood stream and lymphatic system.
  3. Which metabolic reactions release hydrogen ions into body fluids? - correct answer - Anaerobic respiration of glucose, aerobic respiration of glucose, incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
  4. What is cholesterol? - correct answer - A waxy, fat like substance
  5. What is the role of cholesterol? - correct answer - Keeps phospholipid layer membrane at an optimal fluidity. At high temps it reduces fluidity and at low temps it increases it.
  1. What is an adequate diet? - correct answer - Provides sufficient calories, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals to support optimal growth and to maintain repair of body tissues.
  2. What is an example of an inadequate diet? - correct answer
    • Eating too little or eating too much
  3. What is BMI? - correct answer - Body Mass Index; a measure of body weight relative to height
  4. What is BMR? - correct answer - basal metabolic rate; the largest factor in determining overall metabolic rate and how many calories you need to maintain, lose or gain weight.
  5. How can hormones affect weight loss or weight gain? - correct answer - When we're stressed, our adrenal glands secrete hormones to alleviate our stress by storing fat and calories
  6. What is a hormone and how does it act? - correct answer - Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for

regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.

  1. What is a paracrine gland? - correct answer - a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
  2. What is an autocrine gland? - correct answer - A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
  3. What is an endocrine gland? - correct answer - A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on target cells
  4. What is an exocrine gland? - correct answer - A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
  5. Where is the thymus located? - correct answer - mediastinum; behind the sternum
  1. Describe steroid hormones - correct answer - - diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
    • combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
    • promote transcription of mRNA
    • mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
  5. Describe non-steroid hormones. - correct answer - Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
  6. How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - correct answer - The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
  1. What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - correct answer - Hypothalamus
  2. Describe tropic hormones - correct answer - stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
  3. anterior pituitary hormones - correct answer - ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
  4. FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
  5. GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
  6. LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from ovaries
  7. PRL - promotes milk production
  8. TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
  9. posterior pituitary hormones - correct answer - ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete
  10. Oxytocin - smooth muscle contraction and allows contraction of the uterus during childbirth and may stimulate the movement of certain fluids in the male reproductive tract during sexual activity
  1. Pancreas hormones - correct answer - Glucagon - stimulates liver to break down glycogen into glucose
  2. Insulin - stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose
  3. Somatostatin - helps regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting secretion of glucagon and insulin
  4. pineal gland hormone - correct answer - Melatonin - made from serotonin and regulates circadian rhythms
  5. Thymus Gland Hormones - correct answer - Thymosins - affect production and differentiation of T lymphocytes
  6. How are glucagon and insulin alike? - correct answer - Both work to keep blood glucose concentration constant
  7. How are glucagon and insulin different? - correct answer - Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and insulin promotes the formation of glycogen from glucose
  1. How is diabetes insipitus different from diabetes mellitus? - correct answer - Diabetes insipitus - a person is insatiably thirsty and has large amounts of urine output
  2. Diabetes mellitus - two types (type 1 and type 2). Type 1 occurs when body makes no insulin. Type 2 occurs when the body reaches insulin resistance
  3. How are pheromones different than hormones? - correct answer - Pheromones are a type of hormone that are released in small quantities and play a big role in physical attraction between people.
  4. How does aging affect the endocrine system? - correct answer - As people get older, their endocrine glands decrease in size, muscular strength decreases as GH levels decrease, ADH levels increase due to slower breakdown in liver & kidneys. Calcitonin levels decrease, and insulin resistance may develop.
  5. Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH. - correct answer - Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood volume is about 5 L.
  6. RBC count is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-5,400,000 in females.
  7. WBC are usually 5,000-10,000 per cubic mm of blood.
  1. RBCs are 45% of the blood.
  2. How is the shape of a red blood cell important to its function? - correct answer - It allows them to squeeze through vessel walls and transport oxygen to tissues
  3. Why might blood volume differ from one person to the next?
    • correct answer - It might differ depending on a person's health and age, and women tend to have lower blood volume due to their menstrual cycle.
  4. What is hematocrit? - correct answer - the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
  5. Neutrophils - correct answer - Most abundant WBC; 54-62%. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.
  6. Eosinophils - correct answer - Deep red granules in acid stain, bi-lobed nucleus, 1-3% of WBC
  1. Basophils - correct answer - release histamine and heparin, <1% of WBC
  2. Monocytes - correct answer - Largest of all blood cells, kidney or oval shaped nuclei, become macrophages, 3-9% of WBC
  3. Lymphocytes - correct answer - Slightly larger than RBC, 25- 33% WBC
  4. Compare serum versus plasma - correct answer - Plasma is the liquid part of blood, in which blood cells, nutrients and hormones float.
  5. Serum is the fluid part of blood, without the clotting factors or blood cells.
  6. Describe the steps in clot formation - correct answer - Hemostasis - the stoppage of bleeding.
    1. Blood vessel spasm - smooth muscle in blood vessel contracts
    2. Platelet plug formation: a. break in vessel wall
  1. Type A - correct answer - Contains A antigens on cell surface and anti-B antibodies in plasma
  2. Type B - correct answer - Contains B antigens on cell surface and anti-A antibodies in plasma
  3. Type AB - correct answer - Contains both A and B antigens on cell surface and no antibodies in plasma
  4. Type O - correct answer - Contains no antigens on cell surface and has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma (universal donor)
  5. Type A can give to - correct answer - Either Type A or Type AB
  6. Type A can receive from - correct answer - Either Type A or Type O
  1. Type B can give to - correct answer - Either Type B or Type AB
  2. Type B can receive from - correct answer - Either Type B or Type O
  3. Type AB can give to - correct answer - only AB
  4. Type AB can receive from - correct answer - A, B, AB, O
  5. Type O can give to - correct answer - A, B, AB, O
  6. Type O can receive from - correct answer - only O
  7. How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - correct answer - Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC membranes.
  1. Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
  2. Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart - correct answer - Superior/inferior venae cavae
  3. Right atrium
  4. Tricuspid valve
  5. Right ventricle
  6. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  7. Lungs
  8. Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
  9. Pulmonary veins
  10. Left atrium
  11. Mitral(bicuspid) valve
  12. Left ventricle
  13. Aortic semilunar valve
  14. Body cells
  15. Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system - correct answer - SA node - AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches - purkinje fibers
  1. Describe an EKG - correct answer - A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart that the production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.
  2. What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? - correct answer - At the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
  3. At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are repolarizing.
  4. At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief refractory period between the T wave and the following P wave, which allows the heart a small rest.
  5. Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular diastole and atrial diastole/ventricular systole
- correct answer - Atrial systole/ventricular diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles are relaxed
  1. Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are contracting
  2. How are the heart sounds made? - correct answer - The first heart sound "lubb" occurs during ventricular systole as a result of the A-V valves closing.