API Exam Questions and Answers: Skin and Bones, Exams of Nursing

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API Exam 2 Questions and Answers

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? A. basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum B. granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum C. basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum D. corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except. A. cuticle B. medulla C. external root sheath D. cortex The single most important risk for skin cancer is A. genetics B. use of farm chemicals C. overexposure to UV radiation D. race The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that. A. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber B. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus C. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock D. it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? A. stratum lucidum B. stratum basale C. stratum corneum D. stratum granulosum The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A. the reticular layer B. the hypodermal layer C. the papillary layer D. the subcutaneous layer Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands? A. eccrine and apocrine B. holocrine and mammary C. sebaceous and merocrine

D. mammary and ceruminous Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss? A. by using the "rule of nines" B. by observing the tissues that are usually moist C. by measuring urinary output and fluid intake D. through blood analysis Figure 5. Using Figure 5.2, match the following: (Hypodermis ) Correct Answers D

Figure 5. Using Figure 5.2, match the following: Epidermis Correct Answers A Figure 5. Using Figure 5.2, match the following: Reticular layer of the dermis Correct Answers C

Figure 5. Using Figure 5.2, match the following: Papillary layer of the dermis Correct Answers B Figure 6. Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure (A= Long, B= Flat, C= Irregular) Bone 1. Correct Answers B

Figure 6. Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure (A= Long, B= Flat, C= Irregular) Bone 2. Correct Answers A

Figure 6. Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure (A= Long, B= Flat, C= Irregular) Bone 4. Correct Answers C Figure 6. Using Figure 6.2, match the following: Compact bone. Correct Answers C

Figure 6. Using Figure 6.2, match the following: Location of the epiphyseal line. Correct Answers B Figure 6. Using Figure 6.2, match the following: Epiphysis of the bone. Correct Answers A

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the. A. chondrocyte B. osteoclast C. osteoblast D. osteocyte A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the. A. diaphysis B. metaphysis C. articular cartilage D. epiphysis Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? A. production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) B. support C. storage of minerals D. communication What is the structural unit of compact bone? A. lamellar bone B. osseous matrix C. spongy bone D. the osteon The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called . A. Volkmann's canals B. a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage C. the struts of bone known as spicules D. perforating (Sharpey's) fibers The process of bones increasing in width is known as. A. epiphyseal plate closure B. closing of the epiphyseal plate C. appositional growth D. concentric growth Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? A. thyroxine B. estrogen C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth? A. the lengthening of hyaline cartilage B. growth at the epiphyseal plate C. along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger D. the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage Figure 8. Using Figure 8.1, match the following: Periosteum. Correct Answers A

Figure 8. Using Figure 8.1, match the following: Joint (synovial) cavity. Correct Answers B

Figure 8. Using Figure 8.1, match the following: Fibrous capsule. Correct Answers D

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a joint. A. synchondrosis B. suture C. gomphosis D. syndesmosis Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to. A. attach tendons B. form the synovial membrane C. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints D. produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis) A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a. A. symphysis B. syndesmosis C. suture D. gomphosis Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called. A. ligaments B. tendons C. menisci D. bursae Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of. A. circumduction B. extension C. hyperextension D. flexion Fibrous joints are classified as. A. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses B. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular C. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket D. hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? A. dorsiflexion B. abduction C. adduction D. inversion

Pointing the toes is an example of. A. plantar flexion B. pronation C. protraction D. circumduction Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? A. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. B. They allow movement only in one plane. C. They allow movement in several planes. D. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. Tendon sheaths. A. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue B. help anchor the tendon to the muscle C. act as friction-reducing structures D. are extensions of periosteum Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? A. the extracapsular ligament B. the lateral patellar retinacula C. the medial patellar retinacula D. the patellar ligament