AQA A Level Physics Paper 1 Question Paper, Exams of Physics

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AQA A Level Physics Paper 1

Question Paper

A-level

PHYSICS

Paper 1

Monday 20 May 2019 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials

For this paper you must have:

 a pencil and a ruler

 a scientific calculator

 a Data and Formulae Booklet.

Instructions

 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.

 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.

 Answer all questions.

 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do

not write outside the box around each page or on blank

pages.

 If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at

the end of this book. Write the question number against your

answer(s).

 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do

not want to be marked.

 Show all your working.

Information

For Examiner’s Use

Questio

n

Mark

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8–

TOTAL

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 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.

 The maximum mark for this paper is 85.

 You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.

 A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.

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Section A

Answer all questions in this

section.

0 1. 1 Two isotopes of iodine are

125

I and

131

I.

53 53

Determine, for these two isotopes, the difference between the constituents

of the

nuclei.

[1 mark]

.

2 A

131

I nuclide undergoes beta (β

) decay to form a xenon nuclide.

53

State the nucleon number of the xenon nuclide.

[1 mark]

.

A

125

I nuclide decays by electron capture to form a tellurium nuclide.

53

State two differences between the constituents of the iodine nucleus and

the tellurium

nucleus it decays into.

[2 marks]

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.

Internal conversion is a process in which a nucleus in an excited state can

release its excess energy. In internal conversion all of the excess energy

is transferred from the nucleus to an orbital electron through the

electromagnetic force. This orbital electron is ejected from the atom.

The tellurium nucleus formed in question 01.3 is in an excited state and

can undergo internal conversion.

Discuss three differences between internal conversion and beta (β

) decay.

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box

[3 marks]

Turn over for the next question

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Some cars are fitted with a water sensor designed to switch on

windscreen wipers automatically when it rains. Figure 1 shows a

simplified diagram of the sensor.

Figure 1

A light ray travels from the light-emitting diode (LED) through the first

prism and into the windscreen. The ray reflects off the surfaces of the

windscreen at A , B and C and then passes through the second prism into

the detector.

Do not write

outside the

box

.

Suggest how the design ensures that there is no deviation of the ray as it

enters the first prism.

[1 mark]

.

Suggest two features of the design that ensure that there is no deviation of

the ray as it leaves the first prism and enters the windscreen glass.

[2 marks]

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The refractive index of the windscreen glass is 1.

Explain why the ray follows the path shown inside the windscreen glass

in Figure 1. Support your answer with a suitable calculation.

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outside the

box

[2 marks]

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When it starts to rain, water droplets form on the outside of the

windscreen as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2

The refractive index of water is 1.

Explain why the presence of water at A causes the intensity of the light at

the detector to decrease.

Support your answer with a suitable calculation.

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The refractive index of the windscreen glass can vary by a few per cent

across the thickness of the glass.

Discuss how this variation may affect the path of the ray through the

windscreen glass.

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box

[2 marks]

.

A different design has the LED and the detector further apart. The ray

undergoes more reflections inside the windscreen glass before

reaching the detector.

Discuss two ways in which this different design affects the sensitivity of

the sensor to the presence of water droplets.

[2 marks]

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Figure 3 shows an arrangement to investigate diffraction. White light is

incident on a single slit. After leaving the slit, the diffracted light passes

through a green filter to reach the screen.

Figure 3

Do not write

outside the

box

.

Describe the pattern produced on the screen.

[2 marks]

.

The green filter is replaced with a red filter.

Describe the change in the pattern produced on the

screen. [2 marks]

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A diffraction grating is placed between the red filter and the screen. The

diffraction grating has 500 lines per millimetre. Light is incident

normally on the grating.

Figure 4 shows the arrangement.

Figure 4

The wavelength of the red light is 650 nm.

Calculate the anglebetween a first-order maximum and the central

maximum.

[2 marks]

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box

=

degrees

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In practice, the filter transmits red light with wavelengths in the

range 600 nm to

700 nm.

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Suggest how this affects the appearance of the maxima.

[2 marks]

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Figure 5 shows a simplified catapult used to hurl projectiles a long way.

Figure 5

The counterweight is a wooden box full of stones attached to one end of

the beam. The projectile, usually a large rock, is in a sling hanging

vertically from the other end of the beam. The weight of the sling is

negligible.

The beam is held horizontal by a rope attached to the frame.

Do not write

outside the

box

.

The catapult is designed so that the weight of the beam and the weight of the empty

wooden box have no effect on the tension in the rope.

Suggest how the pivot position achieves this.

[2 marks]

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.

The stones in the counterweight have a total mass of 610 kg and the

projectile weighs

250 N.

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box

Calculate the tension in the

rope.

[5 marks]

tension = N

.

When the rope is cut, the counterweight rotates clockwise. When the beam

is vertical it is prevented from rotating further. The projectile is then

released horizontally with a velocity of 18 m s

, as shown in Figure 6.

The projectile is released at a height of 7.5 m above ground level.

Figure 6

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The range of the catapult is the horizontal distance between the point

where the projectile is released to the point where it lands.

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box

Calculate the

range. Ignore air

resistance.

[2 marks]

range =

m

.

In another release, the sling is adjusted so that a projectile of the same

mass is released just before the wooden beam is vertical. The

projectile is not released horizontally.

Discuss the effect this change has on the range of the catapult.

[3 marks]

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Safety barriers are used on UK motorways to prevent vehicles crossing

from one carriageway to the other carriageway. The barriers also absorb

some of the kinetic energy of a vehicle and deflect vehicles along the

barrier.

The standard test of a safety barrier uses a vehicle that contains

dummies. The total mass of the vehicle and its contents is 1.5 × 10

3

kg and

its initial speed is 110 km h

.

.

Show that the initial kinetic energy of the test vehicle is 700 kJ.

Do not write

outside the

box

[2 marks]

.

The test vehicle hits a steel safety barrier at an angle of 20°, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7

Calculate the component of the momentum of the test vehicle in

a direction along the line of the safety barrier.

Give an appropriate unit for your answer.

[3 marks]

momentum = unit

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Immediately after the collision, the test vehicle moves along the safety

barrier with no change in its momentum in this direction.

Show that the kinetic energy lost in the collision is about 80 kJ.

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[3 marks]

.

The steel safety barrier deforms during the collision. For the barrier to

pass the test, the test vehicle should not move more than 1.5 m towards

the other carriageway.

The barrier can apply an average force of 60 kN at right

angles to the carriageway.

Deduce whether the safety barrier will pass the test.

[3 marks]

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A different safety barrier uses a solid concrete wall which does not

deform.

The same standard test is carried out on a concrete wall.

Discuss which type of barrier would cause less damage to the

dummies in the test.

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[2 marks]

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A loudspeaker cone is driven by a signal generator (oscillator).

Figure 8 shows the variation of displacement with time t for a point P at

the centre of the cone. P is oscillating with simple harmonic motion.

Figure 8

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box

.

State the time, in milliseconds, when P is moving at its maximum positive velocity.

[1 mark]

time =

ms

.

Calculate the maximum acceleration

of P. [3 marks]

acceleration =

m s–2

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The loudspeaker creates variations in pressure and produces a sound

wave in the air around it.

State the type of wave produced and describe the motion of the particles

in this type of wave.

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[1 mark]

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Figure 9 shows a practical circuit in which a variable resistor is used to

control the brightness of a lamp. The voltmeter reading is monitored as

the variable resistor is adjusted to make the lamp brighter.

Figure 9

.

Explain why the reading on the voltmeter decreases as the brightness

of the lamp increases.

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box

[2 marks]

.

The variable resistor is adjusted so that the lamp is at its brightest. The

reading V

1

on the voltmeter is noted. A second identical cell is then

connected in parallel with the cell in Figure 9. The new reading V

2

on the

voltmeter is noted.

Explain why V

2

is greater than V

1

.

[2 marks]

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Section B

Each of Questions 8 to 32 is followed by four responses, A , B , C

and D. For each question select the best response.

Do not write

outside the

box

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each question completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now

wish to select as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not

be marked. Do not use additional sheets for this working.

The process of beta plus (β

) decay can be represented by

Which row identifies particles X and Y?

[1 mark]

X Y

A

W

e

B

W

e

C

W

e

D

W

e