GCSE Biology Paper 2 Question & Answers (2024 Edition), Exams of Nursing

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Answers (2024 Edition)

What is homeostasis? - Correct answers ✅ The maintenance of a constant internal environment. What is a stimulus? - Correct answers ✅ A change in your environment than requires a response. e.g Light, sound, touch, pressure, pain, chemical or temperature. What do the receptors do? - Correct answers ✅ Detect the stimulus or change in environment. What happens after the receptors? - Correct answers ✅ Receptors send messages to the CNS via the sensory neurone. What makes up the central nervous system? - Correct answers ✅ The brain or spinal cord What is an effector? - Correct answers ✅ Muscles or glands that bring about a response. What do the muscles and glands do in response to stimuli? - Correct answers ✅ Muscles contract and glands secrete chemical substances(hormones). What is a sensory neurone? - Correct answers ✅ A neurone that carry information from the receptors to the CNS.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is a relay neurone? - Correct answers ✅ Neurones that carry impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone. What is a motor neurone? - Correct answers ✅ Neurones that carry information from the CNS to the effectors. What is the nervous system? - Correct answers ✅ It is a system that allows you to react to your surroundings. How do signals travel across a synapse? - Correct answers ✅ The chemical or neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds to a complementary receptor on the neurone (postsynaptic). This causes an electrical impulse to travel down the next neurone. What is a synapse? - Correct answers ✅ A gap between two neurones. What is the thermoregulatory centre of the brain? - Correct answers ✅ Near the hypothalamus, monitors the temperature of blood. Describe the stages in a reflex arc. - Correct answers ✅ Stimulus->Receptor-

sensory neurone->CNS (relay neurone) -> motor neurone -> effector -> response Name responses that reduce body temperature. - Correct answers ✅ Hairs lie flat, sweat and blood vessels get wider(vasodilation)

Answers (2024 Edition)

What happens during vasodilation? - Correct answers ✅ The blood vessels supplying the skin dilate (widen). This helps to transfer energy to the environment. Name responses that increase body temperature. - Correct answers ✅ Hairs stand up, no sweat, shivering and blood vessels constrict(vasoconstriction) What happens during vasoconstriction? - Correct answers ✅ The blood vessels supplying the skin constrict to close off the skins blood supply. What is the body's core temp? - Correct answers ✅ 37 degrees Celsius What are hormones? - Correct answers ✅ Chemical messengers that travel in the blood to target organs. Compare and Contrast the endocrine (hormone) system and the nervous system. - Correct answers ✅ Nervous is faster acting than the endocrine system. Hormones have longer lasting effects compared to electrical impulses. Nerves act on a very specific area whereas hormones act more general. What does the thyroid gland do? - Correct answers ✅ Produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating metabolism. What do the adrenal glands do? - Correct answers ✅ Produce adrenaline which is used to prepare the body for fight or flight.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is the role of the pancreas? - Correct answers ✅ Produces glucagon and insulin which are involved in regulating glucose levels in the blood. Name the hormone that is released if blood sugar is too high. - Correct answers ✅ Insulin What does insulin do? - Correct answers ✅ It makes the liver convert glucose into glycogen. This causes blood glucose levels to decrease. Name the hormone that is released if blood sugar is too low. - Correct answers ✅ Glucagon What does glucagon do? HINT GLU-COSE-GONE - Correct answers ✅ It makes the liver convert glycogen to glucose. This causes the blood glucose level to increase. What is type I diabetes? - Correct answers ✅ When the pancreas produces little or no insulin. What is type II diabetes? - Correct answers ✅ When a person becomes resistant to their own insulin. Being overweight can increase your chances of type II diabetes. How can type I diabetes be treated? - Correct answers ✅ Insulin injections, limiting intake of foods rich is simple carbohydrates e.g. sugars and regular exercise.

Answers (2024 Edition)

How can type II diabetes be treated? - Correct answers ✅ It can be controlled by eating a carbohydrate controlled diet and getting regular exercise. What is the role of the kidneys. - Correct answers ✅ Kidneys make urine by taking unwanted waste products out of your blood. They are involved in selective reabsorption. Name three things that are re-absorbed by the kidneys into the blood. - Correct answers ✅ Glucose, water and ions. Name three things that are removed from the body in the urine. - Correct answers ✅ Urea, water and ions. What is deamination? - Correct answers ✅ Proteins (excess amino acids) cannot be stored by the body. Excess amino acids are converted to fats and carbohydrates. This occurs in the liver. What is produced as a waste product of deamination? - Correct answers ✅ Ammonia is produced as a waste product. Ammonia is toxic so it is converted into urea in the liver. What hormone controls the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys? - Correct answers ✅ ADH What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too low. I.e. the Blood is MORE concentrated. - Correct answers ✅ Receptors in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too low. The coordinator in the brain receives the

Answers (2024 Edition)

information and coordinates a response. The pituitary gland produces MORE (Anti-diuretic hormone) ADH, which makes the kidney tubule MORE permeable. This means that MORE water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a small volume of concentrated urine. What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too high. I.e. the Blood is dilute/LESS concentrated. - Correct answers ✅ Receptors in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too high. The coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response. The pituitary gland produced LESS ADH, which makes the kidney tubule LESS permeable. This means that LESS water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine. How does a dialysis machine work? - Correct answers ✅ In a dialysis machine the patients blood flows between a partially permeable membrane surrounded by dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid contains the same concentration of dissolved ions and glucose as healthy blood. This means they won't be lost from the blood during dialysis. Only wastes such as urea and excess ions and waters diffuse across the barrier. What is the purpose of the partially permeable membrane in the dialysis machine.

• Correct answers ✅ To only allow small soluble molecules (e.g. urea, water and ions) to move into the dialysis fluid, not large molecules like proteins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a kidney transplant over dialysis?
• Correct answers ✅ Kidney transplants are a cure, but they can be rejected. Patients are treated with immunosuppressants. People are not always on the donor list, relatives have to agree to the donation. Transplants are cheaper than

Answers (2024 Edition)

dialysis to the NHS. Long waiting lists for transplants. Patients have to spend 3- hours a day, 3 x a week which can have a negative impact on their quality of life. What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? - Correct answers ✅ 1) Menstruation-the uterus lining breaks down

2. The uterus lining builds up again
3. Ovulation-Around day 14 a egg is released from an ovary.
4. The wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28. If the egg has not been fertilised and implanted into the uterus lining it breaks down. What is the role of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) in the menstrual cycle? - Correct answers ✅ Made in the pituitary gland. Causes a egg to mature in one of the ovaries in a structure called a follicle. Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen. What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle? - Correct answers ✅ Produced by the ovaries. Causes the lining of the uterus to grow. Stimulates the release of LH (which causes ovulation) and inhibits the release of FSH. What is the role of LH (Luteinising hormone) in the menstrual cycle? - Correct answers ✅ Produced in the pituitary gland. Stimulates the release of an egg (ovulation) at day 14. What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle? - Correct answers ✅ Produced by the ovary by the remains of the follicle. Maintains the lining of the

Answers (2024 Edition)

uterus. When the level of progesterone falls the lining of the uterus breaks down. Inhibits the release of LH and FSH. Where is testosterone produced? - Correct answers ✅ In the testes. How does the contraception pill work? - Correct answers ✅ Contains oestrogen and progesterone. Taking oestrogen every day prevents the release of an egg by inhibiting FSH. Progesterone reduces fertility by stimulating the production of thick sticky mucus at the cervix preventing the sperm getting to the egg. What are the side effects of the pill? - Correct answers ✅ Headaches and nausea. Still contract STIs. What is the contraceptive patch? - Correct answers ✅ Contains same hormones as the pill. Patch is stuck under the skin (5cm x 5cm). Each patch lasts a week. What is the contraceptive implant/injection? - Correct answers ✅ Implant is inserted under the skin. Releases progesterone. Can last for 3 years. Injection lasts less time 2-3 months. What is an intrauterine device? - Correct answers ✅ Is a T shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to kill sperm and prevent implantation of the fertilised egg. Name three barrier methods, non hormonal methods of contraception. - Correct answers ✅ Male and female condom, diaphragm, spermicide

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is the diaphragm? - Correct answers ✅ A plastic cup that fits over the cervix (opening to the womb) to form a barrier. How does spermicide work? - Correct answers ✅ It kills or disables the sperm. Name a permanent ways to avoid pregnancy. - Correct answers ✅ Abstinence (not having sex), sterilisation which is having Fallopian tubes or sperm duct cut. How does IVF work to help infertile couples? - Correct answers ✅ FSH and LH are given to a woman to help eggs mature and release. Eggs are then collected from a woman's ovaries. The eggs are fertilised in a lab with the man's sperm. The fertilised eggs are grown into embryos in an incubator. The 1-2 embryos are then transferred to the woman's uterus to increase chance of pregancy. What are the pros and cons of IVF? - Correct answers ✅ PRO: Gives an infertile couple a child. CON: Multiple births, these are risky, more chance of still birth and miscarriage. CON: Success rate is low CON: Emotionally and physically stressful CON: Side effects of hormones e.g. abdominal pain What are the ethical concerns linked to IVF? - Correct answers ✅ IVF leads to unused embryos which are destroyed or used for medical research. (Potential life). Genetic testing could be carried out on the embryo which could lead to designed babies.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is the sclera? - Correct answers ✅ The tough supporting wall of the eye What is the cornea? - Correct answers ✅ Outer transparent layer, bends/refracts light into the eye What is the pupil? - Correct answers ✅ The hole in the centre where light enters What is the iris? - Correct answers ✅ A muscle that controls the diameter of the pupil and how much light enters. The coloured part of the eye. What is the retina? - Correct answers ✅ Contains receptor cells called rods and cones. These are sensitive to colour and light intensity. What is the lens? - Correct answers ✅ Focuses the light into the retina What is the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments? - Correct answers ✅ Control the shape of the lens What is the optic nerve? - Correct answers ✅ Carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain Why is the iris reflex needed? - Correct answers ✅ To prevent light from damaging the retina.

Answers (2024 Edition)

Explain the iris reflex in very bright light. - Correct answers ✅ In very bright light a reflex is triggered to make the pupil smaller. The CIRCULAR muscles CONTRACT and the RADIAL muscles RELAX. Explain the iris reflex in dim light. - Correct answers ✅ In dim light a reflex is triggered to make the pupil dilate. The CIRCULAR muscles RELAX and the RADIAL muscles CONTRACT. Define accommodation. - Correct answers ✅ Where the eye focuses light on the retina by changing the shape of the lens. Explain how the eye focuses on something that is near to it. - Correct answers ✅ The ciliary muscles contract which slacken the suspensory muscles. This causes the lens to become fat (more curved) so increases how much light is bent. Explain how the eye focuses on something that is far away. - Correct answers ✅ The ciliary muscles relax which causes the suspensory muscles to pull tight. This causes the lens to become thinner so refracts light by a smaller amount. What is long sightedness (hypermyopia)? How is it treated? - Correct answers ✅ People are unable to focus on near objects. This occurs when the lens doesn't refract the light enough or the eyeball is too short. The image is brought into focus BEHIND the retina. You can use glasses with a convex lens to treat it. What is short sightedness (myopia)? How do you treat it? - Correct answers ✅ People are unable to focus on FAR objects. This occurs when the lens is the wrong SHAPE and refracts the light too much. The image is brought into focus IN FRONT of the retina. You can use glasses with a concave lens to treat it.

Answers (2024 Edition)

Name some of the treatments for vision defects. - Correct answers ✅ Contact lenses, laser eye surgery and replacement lens surgery. What is the brain made from? - Correct answers ✅ Millions of interconnected neurones What is the brain in charge of? - Correct answers ✅ It is in charge of our complex behaviours, controls and coordinates everything we do breathing, sleeping, memory etc. What is the cerebral cortex? - Correct answers ✅ The outer wrinkly layer of the brain, controls consciousness, memory and language What is the medulla? - Correct answers ✅ The base, controls unconscious activities like breathing, movement in the intestines and heartbeat What is the cerebellum? - Correct answers ✅ At the back, responsible for muscle contraction & balance What is the hypothalamus? - Correct answers ✅ controls homeostasis and pituitary gland What is the pituitary gland? - Correct answers ✅ It is the master gland. It produces many hormones that regulate homeostasis e.g ADH, FSH

Answers (2024 Edition)

Name some methods by which scientists study the brain. - Correct answers ✅ MRI, Electrical stimulation, Studying patients with damage to their brain. Evaluate the benefits and risks of procedures carried out on the brain and the nervous system. - Correct answers ✅ +ve- Can lead to the treatment for disorders of the nervous system -ve- The brain is complex and delicate. The treatment of brain damage is difficult. It also carries risks such as physical damage or increased problems with brain damage e.g. speech. NB: ADD A CONCLUSION. What is reaction time? - Correct answers ✅ The time it takes to respond to a stimulus What is reaction time affected by? - Correct answers ✅ Age, drugs e.g. caffeine or gender Why are computers a better way of measuring reaction time than the ruler test? - Correct answers ✅ Computers can give a more precise reaction time because they remove human error. Computers can record the reaction time to a millisecond so more accurate. Computers remove the possibility that a person can predict when to respond by using a persons body language. What is auxin? - Correct answers ✅ A growth hormone found in the roots and shoots of plants. It controls the growth of plants in response t light, gravity and water.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What does phototropism mean? - Correct answers ✅ The movement of a plant towards light. If light is coming from one side of a plant what will happen. - Correct answers ✅ Auxin diffuses to the dark/shaded side of plant. This causes the cells to grow faster on that side (elongate) which causes the shoot to bend twards the light. What till happen if the tip of a shoot is removed from a plant? - Correct answers ✅ There will be no auxin as auxin is found in the shoot. The plant will not grow. What effect does auxin have on shoots and roots? - Correct answers ✅ Auxin promotes growth in shoots and inhibits growth in roots. What will happen to a shoot if it is growing sideways? - Correct answers ✅ Auxin moves to the lower side of the shoot and the root. This is caused by gravity. It cause the lower side of the shoot to grow faster so the shoot bends upwards towards the light. In the root the lower side grows slower meaning the root bends downwards. How can auxins be used to kill weeds? - Correct answers ✅ Most weeds growing in a field of crops or on a lawn are broad leaved, in contrast to grasses and cereals which are narrow leaves. Selective weedkillers have been developed using auxin to kill only broad leaf plants by disrupting their growth patterns. What does ethene do? - Correct answers ✅ Stimulates the ripening of fruit.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What does gibberellin do? - Correct answers ✅ Stimulates seed germination, stem growth and flowering. Give three ways auxin is used commercially? - Correct answers ✅ Killing weeds, growth from cuttings using rooting powder, growing cells in tissue culture. What are chromosomes? - Correct answers ✅ Long molecules of DNA inside a nucleus. 23 pairs inside the nucleus of body cells. What is DNA? - Correct answers ✅ DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. It is a chemical that all genetic material in a cell is made from. It is a polymer. It is made up of two strands coiled together as a double helix. What is the structure of DNA? - Correct answers ✅ DNA strands are polymers made up of repeating nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of one sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate. The sugar phosphate molecules form the backbone to the DNA stands. One of the four bases ACTG joins to the sugar molecule. How do the bases pair in DNA? - Correct answers ✅ A-T and G-C How many bases code for an amino acid? - Correct answers ✅ Three/triplets What is a gene? - Correct answers ✅ Small section of DNA found on a chromosome

Answers (2024 Edition)

Genes tell cells in what order/sequence to put amino acids in to make specific protein. How are proteins synthesised? - Correct answers ✅ DNA unwinds exposing one strand. An mRNA copy is made using the DNA as a template. U replaces T. The first stage happens in the nucleus. (Transcription). mRNA is single stranded and can leave through the DNA pore. Proteins are made in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA. Every three bases codes for an amino acid. The correct amino acids are brought to the ribosome by carrier molecules. tRNA. This stage is called translation. What do genes code for? - Correct answers ✅ A particular sequence of AMINO ACIDS put together to make SPECIFIC PROTEINS What is a genome? - Correct answers ✅ The entire set of genetic material in an organism Why is it important to understand the human genome? (3) - Correct answers ✅ 1)Allows scientists to IDENTIFY GENES that link to different types of disease i.e Down Syndrome 2)Development of effective treatments 3)Can be used to trace migration of certain populations by tiny differences in GENOMES.

Answers (2024 Edition)

How many chromosomes are in a normal body cell? - Correct answers ✅ 46 or 23 pairs How many chromosomes in a gamete (sex cell)? - Correct answers ✅ 23 Give 3 details of sexual reproduction in plants/animals - Correct answers ✅ - Animal gametes -egg & sperm

• Plant gametes-ovule & pollen -Each gamete contains 23 chromosomes -nucleus of both gametes fuses=mixture of genetic info=variation in offspring Give 3 details of Asexual reproduction - Correct answers ✅ -One parent -Genetically identical offspring-clone -Happens by mitosis Give 2 examples of organisms that reproduce asexually - Correct answers ✅ Bacteria Some animals&plants What type of cell division are gametes (sex cells) produced by? - Correct answers ✅ Meiosis What are the 5 stages of Meiosis - Correct answers ✅ 1-Duplicate genetic info- forming 'X' chromosomes that arrange themselves into pairs

Answers (2024 Edition)

2-Chromosomes line up in centre of cell in homologous pairs 3-Pairs pulled apart so each new cell only has one copy of each chromosome-some of the father's chromosomes and some of the mother's go into each cell randomly, but each cell has an equal amount of chromosomes in total 4-2nd division-chromosomes line up in centre & separated again 5=4 gametes-each with single set of chromosomes Give 2 details about the 4 gametes produced in meiosis - Correct answers ✅ 1- Each contain 1 set of chromosomes 2-Each gamete genetically different Why are gametes produced in meiosis genetically different? - Correct answers ✅ Because chromosomes are shuffled up during meiosis and each gamete only gets half of them at random Explain how/why the cell produced by gamete fusion replicates itself (3) - Correct answers ✅ 1) After 2 gametes fused during fertilisation-resulting new cell divides by mitosis to make copy of itself 2)Mitosis repeats many times to make lots of new cells in an EMBRYO 3)As embryo develops-cells differentiate into diff types of specialised cell that MAKE UP WHOLE ORGANISM

Answers (2024 Edition)

How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human body cell? - Correct answers ✅ 23 Pairs What do each of the chromosomes control? - Correct answers ✅ 22 pairs of chromosomes are matched/homologous pairs-control CHARACTERISTICS 23rd pair-XY or XX -Sex defining chromosomes What are the male and female chromosomes? - Correct answers ✅ Males: XY- The Y chromosome causes male characteristics Females:XX-combination allows female characteristics to develop Explain the chances of a child being male/female using a punnet diagram. - Correct answers ✅ 50% chance of male and 50% chance of female. How do you use genetic diagrams to find the probability of getting a boy or a girl? (3) - Correct answers ✅ 1-Put possible gametes from one parent down side, and from other parent along the top 2-In middle boxes, fill in letters from top & side (like multiplication) 3-There are 2 XX result & 2 XY results -50% chance of boy/girl What do the pairs of letters in the middle of a Punnett square show? - Correct answers ✅ The possible gamete combinations What do inherited genes control? - Correct answers ✅ The characteristics you develop. Genes code for proteins. Some characteristics controlled by single gene

Answers (2024 Edition)

Most characteristics controlled by several INTERACTING GENES What are alleles? - Correct answers ✅ VERSIONS of genes. You have 2 versions (alleles) of every gene in your body-one on each chromosome in a pair What does it mean if an organism is Homozygous? - Correct answers ✅ If its 2 alleles for a particular gene are the same. E.g BB is Heterozygous , Bb is heterozygous What does it mean if an organism is Heterozygous? - Correct answers ✅ If its 2 alleles for a particular gene are the different. e.g Bb is heterozygous , BB is homozygous dominant, bb homozygous recessive If two alleles are different (heterozygous), which characteristics will be expressed?

• Correct answers ✅ In heterozygous individuals the dominant characteristic will always be expressed/show up in the phenotype/characteristic. What is a genotype? - Correct answers ✅ The combination of alleles you have e.g- BB Bb etc What is a phenotype? - Correct answers ✅ Visible characteristics of an organism, due to its genotypes' interaction with the environment

Answers (2024 Edition)

eg- eye colour/hair length/features A person who is heterozygous for brown eyes (Bb) has children with a person who has blue eyes (bb). What percentage of their children will have blue eyes? - Correct answers ✅ 50% How do you interpret a family tree diagram/pedigree diagram? - Correct answers ✅ square-male circle-female coloured square/circle-affected blank square/circle-unaffected half coloured square/circle-carriers What is cystic fibrosis? - Correct answers ✅ It is a genetic disorder of the cell membranes. Causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in air passages and pancreas. Cause of cystic fibrosis? - Correct answers ✅ Caused by a Recessive Allele -'f' Alleles-'Ff'-unaffected but is a carrier Alleles- 'ff'- has cystic fibrosis What is Polydactyly + cause - Correct answers ✅ A genetic disorder where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes. Cause:Dominant Allele- 'D' 'Dd' has Polydactyly

Answers (2024 Edition)

'dd' unaffected Why can't you have carriers of Polydactyly? - Correct answers ✅ It is caused by a dominant allele. If you get one copy of the allele the phenotype will be expressed. What is the chance of someone not being born with Polydactyly if both parent are heterozygous (Dd) for the disease. - Correct answers ✅ 25% How can genetic disorders be detected? - Correct answers ✅ EMBRYONIC SCREENING IVF -before implantation-cell can be removed from embryo to analyse genes. Embryos with defective alleles/genes destroyed. Also possible to collect and examine DNA from embryo in womb, to test for genetic disorders-abortion is an option following a positive result. Embryonic screening 3 pros/3 cons - Correct answers ✅ Pros 1-helps to stop suffering 2-There are laws to stop it going too far-parents can't select sex of baby. 3-Treatment for genetic disorders costs NHS/tax payers money Cons 1-implies people with genetic disorders are undesirable, leads to prejudice. 2-Screening is Expensive. 3-Could lead to designer babies e.g. parents want a blonde eyed, blonde haired boy.

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is Variation? - Correct answers ✅ inherited differences in Organisms caused by genetics or environmental factors How can genes and environmental factors affect variation? - Correct answers ✅ Genes-differences in the genotype Environment-e.g.plant-growth controlled by food/light/water etc What are mutations? - Correct answers ✅ Changes to the sequence of bases in DNA. Mutations include substitutions, deletions and additions. How do mutations occur? - Correct answers ✅ Randomly. Increased by exposure to certain substances e.g. carcinogens and radiation. Explain why the function of a protein might be affected by a mutation. - Correct answers ✅ Mutations in the base sequence could affect the amino acid sequence. This will change the shape of the protein. E.g. with enzymes the active site might change shape so that the substrate cannot bind. Give an example of where genetic variants(mutations) determine phenotype - Correct answers ✅ Cystic fibrosis caused by a mutation that affects phenotype GENE codes for a protein that controls movement of salt and water out of cells The protein produced by the mutated gene doesn't work properly = excess mucus production in LUNGS & DIGESTIVE SYSTEM-hard to breath & digest

Answers (2024 Edition)

What is the theory of Evolution? - Correct answers ✅ All of today's species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop over 3 billion years ago What theory did Charles Darwin come up with? - Correct answers ✅ Evolution by Natural selection Variation in species phenotype caused by mutations. Organisms with the most suitable characteristics/better adapted for the environment would be more successful competitors and be more likely to survive. They are more likely to reproduce,passing on the genes for their beneficial characteristics to offspring. Overtime the beneficial gene increases in the population. Explain why Darwin's theory was considered controversial when it was first proposed. - Correct answers ✅ -Against religious beliefs about how life on Earth developed -Darwin couldn't explain how these characteristics appeared or how they were passed on. What 3 things developed/supported Darwin's Theory of Evolution? - Correct answers ✅ -Discovery of genetics (Mendel/Watson and Crick) -Looking at fossils-changes in organism over time -Antibiotic resistant bacteria-supports evolution by natural selection How did the discovery of genetics support Darwin's theory? - Correct answers ✅ It explained WHY NEW characteristics appeared or how organisms passed on their beneficial adaptations.

Answers (2024 Edition)

Name another scientist who had a theory about evolution. - Correct answers ✅ Jean Baptiste Lamarck Describe Jean Baptiste Lamarck's theory. - Correct answers ✅ Theory of Acquired characteristics. E.g. if a giraffe stretched it's neck to reach tall branches over time the neck would get longer. Describe speciation. - Correct answers ✅ Speciation-over time, a phenotype of organisms will change so much due to NATURAL SELECTION that a new species is formed. When does speciation happen? - Correct answers ✅ When POPULATIONS of the SAME SPECIES change enough to become re productively isolated. This means that they can't inbreed to produce fertile offspring. What is extinction +4 reasons - Correct answers ✅ No individuals of a species remain -Change in environment -New predator kills them -Disease -can't compete with new species for food What is selective breeding? + process - Correct answers ✅ Humans artificially select which organisms to breed so that the GENES for particular characteristics remain in the population