ARDMS Abdomen Board Review Questions with Correct Answers., Exams of Nursing

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ARDMS Abdomen Board Review Questions

with Correct Answers.

The normal AP ddimension of the aorta lumen should not exceed - Correct Answer 3 cm The celiac trunk is the first _____ branch of the aorta - Correct Answer anterior The celiac trifurcates into...? - Correct Answer the common hepatic artery The left gastric artery The splenic artery The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the...? - Correct Answer the common hepatic artery This artery branches off the anterior aspect of the aorta and travels vertically anterior and parallel to the aorta - Correct Answer the superior mesenteric artery Which renal artery has a more complicated course? - Correct Answer the right renal artery An arterial disease in which the vessel wall loses its elasticity and becomes hardened - Correct Answer arteriosclerosis Dilatation of a segment of a vessel wall caused by a weakness of all three layers of the vessel wall..? - Correct Answer aneurysm Majority of aneurysms are located below...? - Correct Answer the level of the renal arteries The most common type of a true aneurysm is...? - Correct Answer fusiform

Tear of the intima layer of the vessel wall is a... - Correct Answer dissecting aneurysm Aneurysm caused by arterial catheterization or trauma - Correct Answer pseudo aneurysm Which renal vein has the more complicated course? - Correct Answer the left renal vein The right gonadal vein empties directly into the IVC but the left gonadal vein empties... - Correct Answer into the left renal vein which then empties into the IVC A liver measurement greater than ____ - ____ cm is considered hepatomegaly - Correct Answer 15- Normal variant of the right lobe of the liver extends inferiorly and may be mistaken for hepatomegaly - Correct Answer Riedel's Lobe The liver is almost completely covered by... - Correct Answer Glisson's Capsule Arrange these in order from most echogenic to least echogenic: Pancreas, spleen, renal medullary pyramids, liver, renal sinus, renal cortex

• Correct Answer renal sinus > pancreas > liver > or = spleen > renal cortex > renal medullary pyramids The liver is composed of three lobes... - Correct Answer left lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe The middle hepatic vein divides the liver into ... - Correct Answer right lobe and left lobe The right hepatic vein divides the... - Correct Answer right lobe into anterior and posterior segments The left hepatic vein divides the... - Correct Answer left lobe into medial and lateral segments

These veins drain blood from the caudate lobe - Correct Answer the right and left hepatic veins The ligamentum venosum divides the... - Correct Answer caudate lobe and the left lobe The ligamentum teres divides the... - Correct Answer left lobe into medial and lateral segments The falciform ligament divides the ... - Correct Answer right and left lobe The coronary ligament connects the liver to... - Correct Answer the diaphragm The main lobar fissure divides... - Correct Answer right and left lobe The portal triad is... - Correct Answer the portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the common bile duct AST is increased with... - Correct Answer hepatocellular disease This lab value is useful in detecting acute hepatitis before jaundice occurs and following in the course of hepatitis - Correct Answer AST This lab test rises higher than AST and takes longer to return to normal - Correct Answer ALT Alkaline phosphatase is increased in... - Correct Answer obstruction of the biliary system Decrease in liver function with an increase in the liver enzymes due to the amount of necrosis is known as... - Correct Answer diffuse hepatocellular disease Accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes... - Correct Answer fatty liver Diffuse inflammatory process of the liver - Correct Answer acute hepatitis Diffuse fibrotic process that involves the entire liver.. - Correct Answer cirrhosis

Autosomal recessive liver disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.... - Correct Answer glycogen storage disease Portal vein is considered enlarged if it measures over...? - Correct Answer 13mm Obstruction of the hepatic veins caused by thrombosis or compression from a liver mass is known as..? - Correct Answer Budd-Chiari Syndrome The gallbladder wall should not exceed... - Correct Answer 3 mm The gallbladder is divided into three segments called..? - Correct Answer neck, body, fundus Where are the spiral valves of Heister located? - Correct Answer in the cystic duct The three functions of the gallbladder: - Correct Answer concentrate bile, store bile, transport bile What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract? - Correct Answer cholecystokinin (CCK) A fold or septum on the posterior wall between the body and neck is called? - Correct Answer Junctional Fold Fold located in the fundal portion of the gallbladder? - Correct Answer phrygian cap Small sac located between the junctional fold and the neck of the gallbladder is called? - Correct Answer Hartman's Pouch Calcification of the wall of the gallbladder is called? - Correct Answer porcelain gallbladder A hyperplastic change in the gallbladder wall is known as..? - Correct Answer adenomyomatosis

When a stone obstructs the cystic duct, this is known as..? - Correct Answer Mirizzi Syndrome Inflammation of the gallbladder wall with decreased gallbladder function is..? - Correct Answer acute cholecystitis Most common of the benign gallbladder tumors, frequently located in the fundus - Correct Answer adenoma The common bile duct should not exceed... - Correct Answer 8 mm The most common fatal liver disorder in children - Correct Answer biliary atresia Genetic trait characterized by a segmental saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts that leads to bile stasis, bacterial growth, abscesses, cholangitis, formation of stones, and decreased liver function caused by the compression of the hepatocytes is called? - Correct Answer Caroli's Disease Inflammation of the biliary tract caused by bacterial infection of the biliary tract - Correct Answer cholangitis Stones in the common bile duct - Correct Answer choledocholithiasis Inflammation and fibrosis of bile duct commonly associated with intrahepatic calculi complications is called.. - Correct Answer sclerosing cholangitis This is caused by the absence of blood supply to the gallbladder? - Correct Answer Gangrene of the Gallbladder A shotgun sign is seen when... - Correct Answer bile ducts are dilated Carcinoma that arises at the union of the right and left hepatic ducts... - Correct Answer klatskin tumor The head of the pancreas is ______ to the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein - Correct Answer anterior

The common bile duct is in the __________ _________ margin of the pancreatic head - Correct Answer posterior lateral The ________ artery may be visualized at the anterior lateral margin of the pancreatic head - Correct Answer gastro-duodenal Tongue-like extension of the pancreatic neck - Correct Answer uncinate process A prominent uncinate process will displace the ________ ________ artery and vein _______ to the pancreas - Correct Answer superior mesenteric, anterior Largest portion of the pancreas - Correct Answer the body The splenic vein courses along the _________ margin of the pancreas - Correct Answer posterior The portal confluence is _________ to the neck of the pancreas - Correct Answer posterior The main pancreatic duct is also known as - Correct Answer the duct of wirsung The accessory duct is called - Correct Answer duct of santorini True or false, the duct of wirsung and the duct of santorini enter the duodenum together - Correct Answer false True of false, the pancreas has endocrine and exocrine functions - Correct Answer true What are the three different types of cells within the islet cells of Langerhans - Correct Answer alpha, beta, delta Which cells secrete insulin? - Correct Answer beta Which cells secrete glucagon? - Correct Answer alpha Which cells secrete somatostatin - Correct Answer delta

The exocrine function of the pancreas secretes these enzymes that aid in digestion - Correct Answer amylase, lipase, trypsin Diffuse inflammatory process of the pancreas - Correct Answer pancreatitis This form of pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas goes through inflammatory changes and interstitial edema - Correct Answer edematous This form of pancreatitis occurs when there is a rapid progression of the disease caused by autodigestion of the pancreatic tissue, which causes area of fat necrosis - Correct Answer hemorrhagic Form of pancreatitis where inflammation can extend outside the pancreas - Correct Answer phlegmonous Encapsulated pancreatic enzymes that are commonly found in the lesser sac? - Correct Answer pseudocyst The spleen is a part of the ________ system - Correct Answer reticuloendothelial Breakdown of hemoglobin, formation of bile pigment, formation of antibodies, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, resevoir for blood, blood formation in the fetus are all functions of... - Correct Answer the spleen Spleen in the ectopic location - Correct Answer wandering spleen Failure of the spleen to develop - Correct Answer aplasia What are the three layers of protection the kidneys have from outside to inside? - Correct Answer Gerota's Fascia, perirenal fat, true capsule True or false, gerotas fascia encloses both the kidney and the adrenal gland - Correct Answer true Maintaining salt and water balance, regulate the fluid volume, maintain acid and base balance are the functions of... - Correct Answer the kidneys

Renal dysfunction will cause this lab value to be elevated - Correct Answer serum creatinine This lab value is elevated when acute or chronic renal disease is present, urinary obstruction, decreased with overhydration, liver failure, pregnancy - Correct Answer Blood Urea Nitrogen Least common and most fatal autosomal recessive, more common in females, bilateral echogenic enlarged kidneys with cysts - Correct Answer infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) Autosomal dominant disease, relatively frequent, may be latent for years and not show symptoms until 4th decade, decreasing renal function, hypertension, flank pain, bilateral large kidneys with randomly distributed cortical cysts of various sizes, kidneys loose shape in advanced stages - Correct Answer adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) Kidneys inability to filter metabolites from the blood resulting in decreased renal function - Correct Answer renal failure Most common cause of acute renal failure, destruction of the tubular epithelial cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules - Correct Answer acute tubular necrosis Most common disease of the urinary tract, and the combination of parenchymal, caliceal, and pelvic inflammation - Correct Answer pyelonephritis Perinephric fluid collections commonly associated with transplanted kidneys - Correct Answer hematoma, abscess, urinoma, lymphocele Two most common places for obstruction in the ureter? - Correct Answer ureto-pelvic junction (UPJ) , and ureto-vesical junction (UVJ) Where is the bladder located? - Correct Answer directly posterior to the pelvic bone

The apex points anteriorly and is connected to the umbilicus by the... - Correct Answer umbilical ligament The area of the bladder between the neck and apex - Correct Answer the trigone The bladder wall should measure between - Correct Answer 3 to 6 mm The adrenal glands are part of which system? - Correct Answer the endocrine system This adrenal gland lies lateral to the right crus of the diaphragm - Correct Answer the right adrenal gland Will the IVC be displaced if there is pathology present in the right adrenal gland - Correct Answer yes True or false, the splenic vein will be displaced if there is pathology present in the left adrenal glad? - Correct Answer true What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex from outer to inner - Correct Answer zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids - Correct Answer zona fasiculata Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces mineralcorticoids - Correct Answer zona glomerulosa Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces gonadocorticoids - Correct Answer zona reticularis The adrenal hormones are regulated by... - Correct Answer adrenocorticotropic homones (ACTH) Epinephrine and norepinephrine is produced by... - Correct Answer the adrenal medulla The 5 layers of the GI tract in order from inner to outer - Correct Answer mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, mesothelium

Three part of the small intestine in order - Correct Answer duodenum, jejunum, and ileum The ascending colon into the transverse colon is called - Correct Answer the hepatic flexure The transverse colon into the descending colon is called - Correct Answer the splenic flexure The thyroid gland is consider this type of gland - Correct Answer endocrine What are the three major hormones the thyroid secretes - Correct Answer thyroxine, triidothyronine, calcitonin Which two major vessels lie posterior lateral to the thyroid - Correct Answer common carotid artery and internal jugular vein Which strap muscle lies anterior and slightly lateral to the thyroid - Correct Answer sternohyoid muscle Which strap muscle is posterior to the sternohyoid - Correct Answer sternothyroid muscle This strap muscle is adjacent to the trachea and is posterior to the thyroid and the common carotid arteries - Correct Answer longus colli muscle This gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone - Correct Answer the anterior pituitary gland Painless diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as - Correct Answer Hashimotos Thyroiditis Enlarged tender neck and the patient has a fever, signs and symptoms of... - Correct Answer thyroiditis Multiple adenomas associated with hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer goiter

Autoimmune disease characterized by thyrotoxicosis - Correct Answer graves disease Septum that divides the scrotum is called - Correct Answer median raphe The lining of the inner wall of the scrotum is comprised of - Correct Answer a double layer of peritoneum and the tunica vaginalis True or false, the double layer of peritoneum that lines the inner wall of the scrotum will normallly contain a small amount of fluid - Correct Answer true The dense white fibrous capsule that encases each testicle - Correct Answer tunica albiguina The two primary functions that occur in the cone shaped lobules of the testicles - Correct Answer spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion Production of spermatozoa is called - Correct Answer spermatogenesis What is the name is the cells that secrete testosterone - Correct Answer leydig cells The epididymis run into this duct - Correct Answer ductus vas deferens The draining veins of the scrotum, nerves, and lymphatics form this - Correct Answer spermatic cord The spermatic cord joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form this duct - Correct Answer the ejaculatory duct The space between the liver and the diaphragm and is a common site for abscess - Correct Answer subphrenic space Which crus of the diaphragm is visualized anterior to the aorta above the level of the celiac artery? - Correct Answer the left crus The right crus is seen where? - Correct Answer posterior to the caudate lobe and IVC

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneum secondary to a pathological process - Correct Answer ascites Anechoic freely mobile usually benign ascites - Correct Answer transudative Internal echoes, loculated, associated with infection and malignancy ascites - Correct Answer exudative In cases of massive ascites this will also be present - Correct Answer respiratory distress Fluid accumulations in order in the supine patient (5 areas) - Correct Answer inferior tip (right lobe liver), superior portion (right flank), pelvic cul- de-sac, right paracolic gutter (lateral and anterior to liver), Morrison's pouch Encased collection of pus - Correct Answer abscess This type of abscess is associated with cholangitis, sepsis, and penetrating trauma to the liver - Correct Answer intrahepatic This type of abscess is associated with cholecystectomy - Correct Answer subhepatic This type of abscess is associated with bacterial spill into peritoneum, bowel rupture, peptic ulcer perforation, trauma - Correct Answer subphrenic How to tell the difference between ascites and abscess - Correct Answer move the patient erect, ascites will move to the dependent portion What are the three areas of the retroperitoneum - Correct Answer anterior perirenal space, perirenal space, posterior perirenal space What organs lie in the anterior perirenal space - Correct Answer retroperitoneal portion of the intestines and the pancreas What organs lie in the perirenal space - Correct Answer kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, IVC, retroperitoneal nodes

What organs lie in the posterior perirenal space - Correct Answer posterior abdominal wall, iliopsoas muscle, quadratus muscle Originates from fat, has complex echogenic pattern with thick walls - Correct Answer liposarcoma Originates from connective tissue, has complex sonolucent pattern, invading surrounding tissues - Correct Answer fibrosarcoma Originates from muscle, occurs as a solid, complex, or homogeneous echogenic mass, invading surrounding tissue - Correct Answer rhabdomyosarcoma Originates from smooth muscle, occurs as a complex echodense mass that may have areas of necrosis and cystic degeneration - Correct Answer leiomyosarcoma Originates from all three germ cell layers, most occur in the area of the upper pole of the left kidney, 90% are benign, complex with echogenic and cystic areas, 50% occur in children - Correct Answer teratoma Originate from nerve tissue and occur mostly in the paravertebral region, heterogeneous and echogenic - Correct Answer neurogenic tumor Formation of thick sheets of connective tissue extending from the perirenal space to the dome of the bladder - Correct Answer retroperitoneal fibrosis Lymphatic vessels assist these vessels - Correct Answer veins Lymphocytes and reticulum cells make up - Correct Answer lymph nodes Two functions of the lymph nodes - Correct Answer filtration and production of lymphocytes and antibodies Normal lymph node size - Correct Answer less than 1 cm Enlarged nodes posterior to the aorta or will displace the great vessels away from the spine - Correct Answer floating aorta sign

Nodes that surround the mesenteric vessels - Correct Answer sandwich sign Anterior renal displacement, anterior dilated ureter displacement, anterior displacement of the retroperitoneal fat ventrally and often cranially, anterior vascular displacement are characteristics of a mass located... - Correct Answer in the retroperitoneum A 2-year old boy presents with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of which of the following choices? Hypernephroma, wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma, infantile polycystic kidney disease, renal infarction - Correct Answer Wilm's tumor A patient presents with ampulla of Vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder, and painless jaundice. This is associated with which of the following choices? Hydropic gallbladder, choledochal cyst, courvoisers sign, hartmann's pouch, kehrs sign - Correct Answer courvoisiers sign Long standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to which of the following? Porcelain gallbladder, hydropic gallbladder, septated gallbladder, gallbladder septations, gallbladder contraction - Correct Answer hydropic gallbladder While performing an ultrasound examination, the sonographer finds that both kidneys measure 5 cm in length. They are very echogenic. One should consider the possibility of all of the following except: Chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vasular disease, renal vein thrombosis - Correct Answer renal vein thrombosis A common cause of acute pyelonephritis? Hypertension, pyogenic bacteria, renal cell carcinoma, hydronephrosis - Correct Answer pyogenic bacteria The largest zone of the prostate? Peripheral zone, transiton zone, periurethral zone, central zone - Correct Answer peripheral zone

Diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall can be seen sonographically in all of the following except: Acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, congestive heart failure, ascites, portal hypertension - Correct Answer portal hypertension Adult polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following except: It is autosomal dominant disease, it may be associated with cysts in the liver pancreas and spleen, bilateral small and echogenic kidneys, usually does not produce any symptoms until the third or fourth decade of life, the kidneys lose their reniform shape - Correct Answer bilateral small and echogenic kidneys A patient in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is: Enlarged and lobulated, enlarged and echogenic, small and hypoechoic, small and echogenic - Correct Answer small and echogenic Cllinical signs of renal disease includes all of the following except: Oliguria, palpable flank mass, generalized edema, hypertension, jaundice - Correct Answer jaundice Acute hydroceles may be caused by all of the following except: Infarction, tumor, testicular torsion, trauma, infection of the testis or epididymis - Correct Answer testicular torsion The most common location for a spermatocele is: Head of the epididymis, body of the epididymis, tail of the epididymis, tunica vaginalis, mediastinum testis - Correct Answer head of the epididymis A 60-year old man presents with hematuria and nocturnal urination. The ultrasound findings include an enlarged symmetrical homogeneous prostate. This is most characteristic of: Seminal vesicle disease, acute prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, carcinoma of the prostate, normal prostate - Correct Answer benign prostatic hyperplasia A retroperitoneal abscess may be found in all of the following except:

Rectus abdominus muscle, psoas muscle, iliacus muscle, quadratus lumborum muscle - Correct Answer rectus abdominus muscle A 42 year old female presents postcholecystectomy with right-upper quadrant pain, eleveated serum bilirubin (mainly conjugated), and bilirubin in her urine. This is best characteristic of: Hepatitis, stone tumor or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct, small common duct stone less then 5 mm in diameter, alkaline phophatase will be normal, pancreatic pseudocyst - Correct Answer stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct In comparison to the normal adult, the pancreas in children will be relatively: More echogenic, less echogenic, the same echogenicity, larger and less echogenic, complex - Correct Answer larger and less echogenic The largest major visceral branch of the inferior vena cava is the: Portal vein, hepatic veins, renal veins, inferior mesenteric vein, gonadal veins - Correct Answer hepatic veins The spleen is variable in size, but considered to be: Concave superiorly and inferiorly, convex superiorly and concave inferiorly, concave superiorly and convex inferiorly, convex superiorly and inferiorly - Correct Answer convex superiorly and concave inferiorly A malignant solid renal mass can be all of the following except: Renal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the kidney, oncocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma - Correct Answer oncocytoma Which of the following is not a remnant of the fetal circulation: Ligamentum teres, ligamentum venosum, falciform ligament, coronary ligament - Correct Answer coronary ligament A 44 year old patient presents with painless jaundice and a palpable right upper quadrant mass. This is most characteristic of: Acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, porcelain gallbladder, courvoisier gallbladder, klatskin tumor - Correct Answer courvoisier gallbladder One can image all of the following in a case of end-stage liver disease except:

Ascites, small atrophied liver, biliary dilatation, portal hypertension, echogenic nodular liver - Correct Answer biliary dilatation Chronic active hepatitis is a progressive destructive liver disease that eventually leads to: Liver cysts, hepatoma, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, liver metastases - Correct Answer cirrhosis The seminal vesicles: Produce sperm located within the prostate, produce sperm located posterior to the urinary bladder, are the reservoir for sperm and are located posterior to the urinary bladder, are the reservoir for sperm and are located between the mediastinum testes and the pampiniform plexus, are the reservoir for sperm and located in the peripheral zone of the prostate - Correct Answer are the reservoir for sperm and are located posterior to the urinary bladder A 35 year old woman presents with a tender neck, and on physical exam an enlarged thyroid is found. An enlarged inhomogeneous thyroid with irregular borders is seen on the sonogram. This is most characteristic of: A malignant lesion, graves disease, cyst, adenomatous hyperplasia, hashimotos thyroiditis - Correct Answer hashimotos thyroiditis Identify the laboratory values, which are most consistent for a patient with acute pancreatitis: Creatinine and BUN will both rise but creatinine remains higher for a longer period of time, amylase and alkaline phosphatase will both rise but amylase remains higher for longer period of time, amy and lipase rise at the same rate but lipase remains higher for a longer period of time, insulin and glucose will both rise but glucose will remain higher for a longer period of time, epinephrine and norepinephrine will both rise and stay elevated for the same period of time - Correct Answer amylase and lipase rise at the same rate but lipase remains higher for a longer period of time When hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is imaged in the short axis the muscle wall measures at least: 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm - Correct Answer 4 mm

An abdominal sonogram is performed on a 35 year old male with a history of primary cancer of the liver now presents with abdominal pain and increasing abdominal girth. This is most consistent with: Cholecystitis, pancreatitis, portal hypertension, budd chiari syndrome, renal failure - Correct Answer budd chiari syndrome One method to diagnose renal obstruction is to document the resistive index (RI) greater than: 0.07, 0.09, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70 - Correct Answer 0. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas are most likely to be located in the pancreatic: Head and neck, neck and tail, uncinate process, body and tail, head and body - Correct Answer body and tail The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is the: Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, pleura, endometrial lining, serosal lining - Correct Answer parietal peritoneum The quadratus lumborum muscles are located: Medial to the lumbar spine, in the anterior abdominal wall, between the kidneys and the adrenal glands, posterior to the kidneys, perirenal - Correct Answer posterior to the kidneys All of the following are associated with cirrhosis except: Ascites, splenomegaly, jaundice, hepatomegaly, collateral vessel development - Correct Answer hepatomegaly A cystic mass that extends from the renal pelvis to outside the renal capsule is: A parapelvic cyst, an extrarenal pelvis, a renal artery aneurysm, a grade 2 hydronephrosis, duplex collecting system - Correct Answer an extrarenal pelvis A 1 week old male infant presents with a left flank mass. An IVP demonstrates a normal right kidney, but there is no visualization of the left kidney. A sonogram is performed and numerous noncommunicating round cystic structures are demonstrated in the left renal fossa, the largest of which is located laterally. No renal parenchyma is identified. The right kidney is normal. This most probably represents:

Severe hydronephrosis, polycystic kidneys, a multicystic kidney, nephroblostoma, unilateral renal agenesis - Correct Answer a multicystic kidney All of the following statements concerning the sonographic patterns of periaortic lymph nodes are correct except: They may drape or mantle the great vessels anteriorly, they may displace the superior mesenteric artery posteriorly, they may displace the great vessels anteriorly, they may have lobar smooth or scalloped appearance, as mesenteric involvement occurs the adenopathy may fill most of the abdomen in an irregular complex pattern - Correct Answer they may displace the superior mesenteric artery posteriorly The presenting symptom of a testicular malignant tumor may be: Para-aortic lymphadenopathy, acute scrotal pain, leukemia, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, all of the above - Correct Answer all of the above The head of the pancreas is located to the right of the: Celiac axis, inferior vena cava, gastroduodenal artery, common bile duct, portal splenic confluence - Correct Answer portal splenic confluence Crohns disease is: A mass in the stomach, a parasitic condition, an inflammation of the bowel, loculated fluid in the peritoneal cavity, a mass relating to the pancreas and biliary system - Correct Answer an inflammation of the bowel A resistive index (RI) greater than 0.70 in a kidney is consistent with early: Obstructive jaundice, obstructive hydronephrosis, renal cell carcinoma, benign renal cyst, polycystic renal disease - Correct Answer obstructive hydronephrosis The doppler characteristic of the venous blood flow in a varicocele is: Increased blood flow, irregular waveform, triphasic flow, no change in flow, no blood flow - Correct Answer increased blood flow A jaundiced male child with a hemolytic disorder may be found to have a(n): Increase in direct bilirubin, increase in indirect bilirubin, increase in alphafetoprotein, increase in prothrombin time, normal liver function tests - Correct Answer increase in indirect bilirubin

A condition that may affect the adrenal gland: Neonatal hypotension, severe fulminant tuberculosis infection, malignant lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, all of the above - Correct Answer all of the above Identify the vessel with a postprandial low-resistive blood flow: Celiac artery, hepatic artery, splenic artery, superior mesenteric artery, aorta - Correct Answer superior mesenteric artery All of the following will increase the chance of documenting shadowing posterior to a small renal stone except: Decrease gain, focal zone set at the level of the calculi, increase the transducer frequency, use a linear probe, tissue harmonics - Correct Answer use a linear probe Parathyroid adenomas may be associated with: Hypercalcemia, hypertension, bloating, acne, headaches - Correct Answer hypercalcemia Carcinoma of the gallbladder would most likely appear as a(n): Thin-walled gallbladder, small gallbladder with thickened walls, large gallbladder with a halo surrouding it, diffusely thickened gallbladder with gallstones, echogenic mass with no distinguishing features of a gallbladder

• Correct Answer diffusely thickened gallbladder with gallstones Weakening of the arterial wall - Correct Answer cystic medial necrosis Extremely tall and lanky double jointed people with a progressive stretching disorder existing in all arterial vessels causing abnormal dilation, weakened walls, and eventual dissection, rupture - Correct Answer Marfans Syndrome This will appear as a continuation of the left portal vein and extends down the anterior abdominal wall to the umbilicus - Correct Answer paraumbilical vein This shut helps drain blood from the liver - Correct Answer TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

How many segments is the liver divided into with couinauds system of hepatic nomenclature - Correct Answer eight What are the liver's four functions - Correct Answer metabolism, digestion, storage, detoxification Hepatocellular diseases occur when - Correct Answer the liver cells are the immediate problem Obstructive disease occurs when - Correct Answer bile excretion is blocked Metabolism: the liver converts glucose to - Correct Answer glycogen Metabolism: the liver converts excess amino acids to - Correct Answer fatty acids and urea Metabolism: the liver also removes ____ from the blood and ______ bacteria and worn out red blood cells - Correct Answer nutrients, phagocytizes Digestion: the liver secretes - Correct Answer bile Storage: the liver stores - Correct Answer iron and certain vitamins Hypoglycemia - Correct Answer glucose deficient Hyperglycemia - Correct Answer uncontrolled increase of glucose Hypoalbuminemia - Correct Answer low serum albumin Vitamin k is essential in - Correct Answer coagulation In hepatocellular disease which of the following enzymes increase, and which ones decrease? Bilirubin, serum albumin, AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase - Correct Answer Increase - bilirubin (severe), AST (severe), ALT (severe), Alkaline Phophatase (modertate) Decrease - serum albumin

In obstruction which of the following enzymes increase and which ones decrease? Bilirubin, serum albumin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase - Correct Answer increase - bilirubin (severe), AST (mild), ALT (mild), alkaline phosphatase (severe) Serum albumin will remain normal Gastrointestinal hemorrhage frequently leads to toxic levels of _____ in the blood - Correct Answer NH4 (ammonia) This type of bilirubin predominates in hepatocellular disease and obstruction - Correct Answer direct or conjugated Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin predominates in - Correct Answer hemolysis Fatty stools - Correct Answer steatorrhea Rare disease of iron metabolism characterized by excess iron deposits throughout the body may lead to cirrhosis and portal hypertension - Correct Answer hemochromatosis Infectious cystic disease common in sheep herding areas of the world - Correct Answer echinococcal cyst Tumor of the glandular epithelium, mostly found in women, related to contraceptive usage, increased incidence in patients with von gierkes disease, "bulls eye or halo" appearance - Correct Answer liver cell adenoma Second most common benign liver mass after hemangioma, seen with central scar - Correct Answer focal nodular hyperplasia Extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct is known as - Correct Answer courvoisiers gallbladder Adrenocortical insufficiency characterized by atrophy of the adrenal cortex with decreased cortisol and aldosterone - Correct Answer Addisons disease

Excessive secretion of sex hormones - Correct Answer adrenogenital syndrome Excessive secretion of aldosterone - Correct Answer conns syndrome Excessive secretion of glucocorticoids - Correct Answer cushings syndrome Excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine - Correct Answer pheochromocytoma Most common malignancy of the thyroid, solid mass with microcalcifications - Correct Answer papillary carcinoma More aggressive than papillary carcinoma, spreads through bloodstream - Correct Answer follicular carcinoma 5% of thyroid cancers associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia, increased calcitonin - Correct Answer medullary carcinoma The appendix must be greater than ____ mm in diameter and the wall must be greater than _____ mm, increased vascularity, noncompressible, pericecal fluid in order for appendicitis to be considered - Correct Answer 6, 2 In cases of HPS, the transverse muscle greater than ____ mm and a pyloric length greater than ____ mm must be seen - Correct Answer 4, 18 Encloses most of the abdominal organs - Correct Answer greater sac Small sac bordered anteriorly by the stomach, posteriorly by the pancreas and a portion of the transverse colon - Correct Answer lesser sac Passageway between greater and lesser sac just inferior to the liver - Correct Answer epiploic of winslow Double peritoneum extends from liver to lesser curvature of stomach and beginning of duodenum - Correct Answer lesser omentum

Large fold peritoneum that extends from stomach, passes anteriorly to the colon and small intestine - Correct Answer greater omentum Nomal size of the thyroid, length, AP, and width - Correct Answer 4-6 cm in length, 2-3 cm in AP, 1.5 - 2 cm in width Testicular artery branching in order: Recurrent rami, capsular artery, centripetal artery, testicular artery - Correct Answer testicular artery > capsular artery > centripetal artery > recurrent rami