ARDMS ABDOMEN EXAM Questions with 100% Answers Latest Versions 2024 TOP RATED A+, Exams of Nursing

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ARDMS ABDOMEN EXAM Questions with

100% Answers Latest Versions 2024 TOP

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What are Chromaffin Cells? - ANSWER Adrenal cells that secrete Epinephrine and Norinephrine What is exudate ascites? - ANSWER ascites associated w/ cancer What are mural nodules? - ANSWER Small internal projections from the walls of cysts What is the space of retzius? - ANSWER Space between the bladder and the pubic bone Endocrine uses... - ANSWER Blood Exocrine uses... - ANSWER Ducts What is another name for Morrison's Pouch? - ANSWER RT posterior sub hepatic space What artifact is caused by gas bubbles? - ANSWER Comet Tail

When does Ailiasing occur? - ANSWER When the PRF is too low What is a Hepatoma? - ANSWER A malignant liver tumor What artifact do tendons cause? - ANSWER Anisotrophy Where is a Gastrinoma most likely to be seen? - ANSWER Pancreas What is the space beside the ascending and the descending colon called? - ANSWER Paracolic gutters What is an Insulinoma? - ANSWER Benign pancreatic tumor: most likely one What is an inflammatory cell tumor called? - ANSWER Granuloma: most likely multiple What lab value can be used to identify testicular tumor? - ANSWER hCG What is commonly seen with ADPCKD? - ANSWER Later in life cysts in liver, pancreases, and kidneys Beckwith- Weidman syndrome - ANSWER Overgrowth disorder: skull, tongue, liver ect.

Risk of hepatoblastoma in children Budd-Chiari syndrome - ANSWER Occlusion of hepatic veins and possibly IVC What is caput medusae? - ANSWER Enlargement of abdominal veins Focal Nodular Hyperplasia FNH - ANSWER Benign liver mass of hepatocytes and fibrous tissue. "central scar sign" What benign liver tumor is assoc. w/ oral contraceptives? - ANSWER Hepatocellular adenoma Hepatoma - ANSWER Malignant liver tumor. Assoc. w/ HCC What disease causes the body to NOT break down Glycogen? - ANSWER Von Gierke Disease What disease is genetic and causes cysts in the liver, pancreases, and kidneys?

• ANSWER Von Hippel Lindau What condition causes as excess of copper in the body? - ANSWER Wilson's disease What separates the Lt lobe and the Caudate Lobe? - ANSWER Ligamentum

Venosum What are the branches of the RT portal vein? - ANSWER Anterior and posterior What are the branches of the LT portal vein? - ANSWER Lateral and medial MPV measures > what w/ Portal Hypertension? - ANSWER 13mm or 1.3cm What is assoc. w/ the "Water-Lilly sign" - ANSWER Hydatid cysts (feces) What is hepatic candidiasis assoc. w/? - ANSWER Immunocompromised "target sign" >1 cm What is the main lab value for HCC? - ANSWER Increased AFP What is the most common complication w/ liver transplant? - ANSWER Hepatic artery thrombosis What separates the RT and LT Liver lobes? - ANSWER Middle hepatic vein Where is the TIPS placed? - ANSWER between the portal vein and the hepatic vein

What kind of flow do hepatic veins have? - ANSWER Triphasic and pulsatile What can RT sided heart failure lead to? - ANSWER Enlargement of IVC and hepatic veins Amebic Abscess - ANSWER Water from 3rd world countries What is assoc. w/ Adenomymatosis? - ANSWER Benign hyperplasia of GB wall, comet tail artifact What hormone is produced by the duodenum and causes the GB to contract? - ANSWER Cholecystokinin What is assoc. w/ a strawberry GB? - ANSWER Cholesterolsis What is Courvoiser's Gb? - ANSWER Enlarged and palpable on physical exam. caused commonly by obstruction at pancreases head. What is Hartman's pouch? - ANSWER outpouching of the Gb neck Where is albumin produced? - ANSWER Liver What is a Porcelain Gb? - ANSWER cals on Gb wall, posterior wall normally still visible

Where do GB stones most commonly occur? - ANSWER The fondus, the most dependent portion of the Gb. Emphymatous Cholecystitis of GB - ANSWER Gas forming infection, assoc. w/ diabetes, "champagne sign" Hydropic Gb - ANSWER > 5cm diameter WES - ANSWER Gb full of stones; fully shadowed out When is malignancy suspected with polyps? - ANSWER > 1cm Layers of the Gb - ANSWER Serosal - > Fibromuscular - >Mucosal Where does the cystic artery branch from? - ANSWER RT hepatic artery Where is the junctional fold found? - ANSWER at the neck of the GB What is the Ampulla of Vater? - ANSWER Merging point of CBD and Pancreases Duct. AKA: hepatopancreatic ampulla Caroli disease - ANSWER Congenital disease; segmental dilation of intrahepatic ducts. "Central dot sign"

Charcot Triad - ANSWER Fever, pain, jaundice Indicative of choecystitis or ascending cholangitis Double duct sign - ANSWER co-existing enlargement of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct Where is the sphincter of Oddi located? - ANSWER second part of the duodenum What is a Klatskin tumor? - ANSWER A malignant biliary tumor located at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts Mirizzi sindrome - ANSWER Lodged stone causing compression of CBD Puritis - ANSWER sever itchiness of skin "shotgun sign" - ANSWER CBD dilated to same as MPV dilated intrahepatic ducts - ANSWER > 2 mm Where is the most common obstruction of the biliary system? - ANSWER Distal CBD

cholangitis - ANSWER inflammation of the bile ducts:. 5mm What is assoc. w/ Pheunobilia? - ANSWER "ring down artifact and dirty shadow" What is assoc. w/ "triangular cord sign"? - ANSWER Biliary Atresia What is the fibrotic thickening of bile ducts often found in men? - ANSWER sclerosing cholangitis What is considered the most proximal portion of the biliary tree? - ANSWER Intrahepatic radicles (CBD = most distal What segment dilates first with biliary obstruction? - ANSWER Extrahepatic What is the yellowish pigment found in bile? - ANSWER Bilirubin What is a Gastrinoma? - ANSWER Islet cell tumor, multiple, most likely malignant What is an Insulinoma? - ANSWER Islet cell tumor, single, affects blood sugar Most common Pancreas cancer - ANSWER Adenocarcinoma (men in pancreases head)

Phlegmon - ANSWER the peripancreatic fluid collection that results from the inflammation of the pancreas The Pancreas is a (an) - ANSWER retroperitoneal organ Arterial supply to the pancreas includes... - ANSWER Head: GDA Body/ Tail: SMA Venous system of the pancreas - ANSWER SV, SMV, IMV, Portal Vein Which of the "snake eyes" is superior on the pancreas head? - ANSWER GDA (CBD is posterior) What is removed during a Whipple procedure? - ANSWER Pancreas head, part of the duodenum, bile ducts, and the GB Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma - ANSWER malignant tumor of the pancreas body/tail What enzyme is released by the pancreas that neutralized stomach acid? - ANSWER Sodium bicarbonate What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? - ANSWER Amylase : Carbs Lipase: Fats

Sodium Bicarbonate: stomach acid What is culling? - ANSWER Removal of RBC's by the spleen What is pitting? - ANSWER Cleaning of RBC's by the spleen Role of red pulp in the spleen - ANSWER Phagocytosis !Role of White Pulp of Spleen - ANSWER Leukocytosis Granulomas - ANSWER small cals caused by inflammation of tissue. systemic disease: sarcoidosis. Spleen is an organ - ANSWER intraperitoneal What is the most common abnormality of the spleen? - ANSWER splenomegaly. > 13cm What is the most common splenic mass? - ANSWER Hemangioma Hematoma - ANSWER tumor of blood ADPKD - ANSWER Shows later in life

congenital renal cysts that also can she in liver and pancreas. ARPKD - ANSWER Congenital renal cysts seen in children microscopic cysts causing echogenic enlarged kidneys. AKA (infantile polycystic kidney disease) Facia that covers the kidneys - ANSWER Gerota Fascia Renal cell carcinoma aka... - ANSWER Hypernephroma What benign solid tumor is ass. w/ uncontrolled hypertension? - ANSWER Pheochromocytoma What BP enzyme is produced by the kidneys? - ANSWER Renin Tardus Parvus - ANSWER the combination of a slow systolic upstroke and a decreased systolic velocity What is the most common congenital anomaly of the Renal system? - ANSWER Duplicate collecting system. often causes UP hydro. Most common cause of renal failure? - ANSWER diabetes mellitus

Most common cause of acute renal failure? - ANSWER Acute tubular necrosis Most common site for renal stones? - ANSWER Ureterovesicle junction Oncocytoma - ANSWER Benign renal tumor assoc. w/ men in their 60's and "central star sign" Nutcracker syndrome - ANSWER Where the LT renal is compressed by the SMA and the AO. (Due to SMA angle) W/ portal hypertension which vein will most likely become he collateral vein?

• ANSWER Lt gastric vein Nephrocalcinosis - ANSWER excess calcium causing echogenic pyramids w/ shadowing. Cross fused renal ectopia - ANSWER fused kidneys in midline of the body Most common form of aneurysm - ANSWER Fusiform Hemophilia is ass. w/ - ANSWER Hematoma Adrenal Rests - ANSWER accessory adrenal gland tissue. aasc. w/ hyperplasia. can be found in the testes

Addison's disease - ANSWER hypofunction of adrenal cortex. Bronzing of the skin, weakness, fatigue, and hypotension. Exocrine disorder Conn syndrome - ANSWER Adrenal tumor causing an overproduction of Aldosterone. ass. w/ adrenal ademona, hypertension, excessive thirst, and hypernatremia. Cushing syndrome - ANSWER Tumor of pituitary gland causing overproduction of cortisol. aka; hypercortisolism. ass. w/ moon shaped face, back hump, and obesity. Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine. assc. w/ uncontrolled hypertension and hyperechoic adrenal mass Blood supply to adrenals - ANSWER Suprarenal branches of ... Inferior phrenic arteries Aorta

Renal Arteries Adrenals are ---- glands - ANSWER Endocrine What is produced by the adrenal cortex? - ANSWER Aldosterone Abdrogens Cortisol What are the adrenal glands composed of? - ANSWER cortex and medulla What produces Norinephrine? - ANSWER Adrenal Medulla What are the fight or flight hormones? - ANSWER epinephrine and norepinephrine What is the most common extra cranial solid malignant childhood tumor? - ANSWER Neuroblastoma S/A hetero w/ calcs Before age 5. app 8 cm in size adrenal gland hormone for BP - ANSWER aldosterone. by regulating sodium levels

which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland controls the release of adrenal hormones? - ANSWER ACTH what is ass. w/ occlusion of hepatic veins? - ANSWER Budd-Chiari syndrome. possible occlusion of IVC also Mycotic aneurysm - ANSWER Caused by infection where does the aorta originate? - ANSWER the LT ventricle braces of the celiac axis - ANSWER Lt gastic, Splenic, and Common hepatic (seagull sign) When does the CHA become the Proper Hepatic Artery? - ANSWER At pancreases head after GDA joins as it enters the liver at portal hepatis What artery is seen post to the splenic vein? - ANSWER SMA Lt renal is -- to SMA and -- to AO - ANSWER post to sma ant to ao The RT. renal art is -- because the AO IS ----- ANSWER longer because the Ao is

located to the px. left AO flow is described as... - ANSWER Prox + Mid : low resistance Dist: high resistance most common type and location for aneurysm - ANSWER fusiform infrarenal true aneurysm - ANSWER involves all 3 layers of the arterial wall aneurysms are prone to rupture at -- cm - ANSWER 7 IVC ends at the - ANSWER Rt atrium of heart. IVC complications assoc. w/ RT sided heart failure. IVC should not exceed 2.5cm Hepatic Veins flow - ANSWER Triphasic and pulsatile Hepatic vein branches - ANSWER right middle left Where does the LT. gonadal vein drain? - ANSWER Lt renal vein

MPV should not exceed - ANSWER 13mm or 1.3cm Intussusception - ANSWER telescoping of the intestines px. presents w/ jelly stool palp mass ,most common cause of childhood intestinal obstruction. TRV: cinnamon roll sign Hypertophic pyloric stenosis - ANSWER enlarged muscle constricting the spinster common in first born white males Wall >3mm Length >17mm Appendicitis - ANSWER AKA Veriform Appendix RLQ, rebound tenderness, McBurney's point, non compressible Target sign >6mm Chron's disease - ANSWER autoimmune disorder periodic inflammation of GI system Diverticulosis vs diverticulitis - ANSWER Diverticulosis: out pouching of GI tract mostly in Colon

Diverticulitis: Inflammation of diverticulitis Abnormal location of SMA is assoc. w/? - ANSWER Midgut malrotation bullseye structure ant to abd AO and post to liver? - ANSWER Gastroesophageal junction pseudomyoxoma peritoni can result from - ANSWER Appendix cancer wattery diarrhea is assoc. w/? - ANSWER colitis what is gastric cancer most often formed from? - ANSWER Adenosarcoma spigelian hernia - ANSWER protruding bowel into lower 1/4 of rectus muscle where is the most common location for vermiform appendix to show? - ANSWER cecum what px. position is best for visualizing the pyloric sphincter? - ANSWER RLD What is the most likely cause of colitis? - ANSWER antibiotic therapy bowel obstruction caused by consumption of hair - ANSWER Bezor

(trichobezor) most common cause of hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Graves disease most common cause of hypothyroidism - ANSWER Hashimoto's thyroiditis most common thyroid cancer - ANSWER papillary carcinoma most common benign mass of thyroid - ANSWER follicular adenoma psammoma - ANSWER microcalcs on thyroid. punctuate calcium deposits what does the thyroid use to produce hormones? - ANSWER Iodine malignant nodules are most likely --- nodules? - ANSWER Cold muscle commonly affected by fibrzomatosis Colli? - ANSWER Sternocleidomastoid Fluid produced by thyroid containing hormones? - ANSWER Colloid

Duct that drains the submandibular gland - ANSWER Wharton duct muscle post to thyroid - ANSWER Longus Colli Muscle lateral to thyroid - ANSWER sternocleidomastoid muscle ant to thyroid - ANSWER strap what is the first branch of the external carotid artery? - ANSWER superior thyroid artery Sjogren syndrome - ANSWER autoimmune disease that attacks the glands that produce saliva and tears superior extension of thyroid isthmus - ANSWER Pyramid lobe most common form of salivary gland cancer - ANSWER mucopidemoid cancer bell clapper syndrome - ANSWER lack of attachment of testicle to scrotal wall often results in torsion epidermoid cyst - ANSWER cyst that contains keratin Onion skin appearance

blue dot sign - ANSWER torsion of the appendix testis, most common in school aged boys, blue colored round mass on testes surface subcutaneous spot of bleeding on penis - ANSWER ecchymosis where are hydroceles found? - ANSWER between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis what structure separates the scrotum internally? - ANSWER tunica dortas what structure operates the scrotum externally? - ANSWER mediam raphe what is considered chronic torsion? - ANSWER 10 days most common scrotal mass - ANSWER spermatocele primary vs secondary varicocele - ANSWER primary is Lt sided and is idiopathic and more common secondary is RT sided assoc. w/ hepatomegaly, hepatic mass, and renal mass. main cause of epididymitis? - ANSWER STD Tubular Ectasia - ANSWER multiple cysts alongside the mediastinum testis

tumor marker for testicular cancer - ANSWER increased hCG and AFP Penile tissue layers - ANSWER Outter to Inner Buck Fascia Corpus Canvernosa (paired layer) Corpus songunosum Most common zone for BPH - ANSWER T zone Most common zone for prostate cancer? - ANSWER P zone most common malignancy of the penis - ANSWER squamous cell carcinoma peyronie disease - ANSWER scar tissue resulting in painful curvature of the penis exocrine vs endocrine function of testes - ANSWER endocrine: testosterone exocrine: sperm Zinner syndrome - ANSWER Unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and sem. ves. cysts

most common germ cell tumor - ANSWER Seminoma (most likely hypo echoic) LT UMBILICAL VEIN BECOMES - ANSWER LIGAMENTUM TERES CHA BRANCHES INTO THE - ANSWER GDA WHAT FORMS THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT - ANSWER RIGHT AND LEFT HEPATIC WHAT FORMS THE CBD - ANSWER HEPATIC AND CYSTIC DUCTS CELIAC AXIS - ANSWER LT GASTRIC SPLENIC ARTERY COMMON HEPATIC ARTERY SPLENOMEGALY - ANSWER >13CM MOST COMMON BENIGN BREAST MASS - ANSWER FIBROADENOMA CLUNCK - ANSWER ORTALANTI EPIDIDYMUS - ANSWER POST AND SUPRALATERAL TO TESTES

Aliasing occurs when - ANSWER PRF is NOT high enough Hepatoma - ANSWER Malignant liver tumor hepatocellular adenoma - ANSWER benign liver tumor assoc. w/ oral contraceptives ligamentum venosum is a remnant of - ANSWER ductus venosus ligamentum venosum - ANSWER separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe most common vascular complication of liver transplant - ANSWER hepatic artery thrombosis TIPS - ANSWER placed between portal vein and hepatic vein cystic artery is most common a branch off ----- ANSWER Rt hepatic artery unilateral renal agenesis is most common assoc. w/ - ANSWER bicornuate UT agenesis of sem ves. most common pancreas cancer - ANSWER pancreatic adenocarcinoma pancreatic divisum - ANSWER congenital anomaly of the pancreas that results

in a shortened main pancreatic duct that only works to drain the pancreatic head and not the entire pancreas ear pitting is assoc. w/ - ANSWER renal anomalies Portal veins are --- the liver - ANSWER within Hepatic veins are ---- the liver - ANSWER in-between what is contained in the spermatic cord? - ANSWER Vas deferens: sperm Pampiniform plexus: veins Testicular artery: arterial what makes the portal vein? - ANSWER splenic vein and the smv superior AO is --- to IVC? - ANSWER Posterior Inferior AO is -- to IVC - ANSWER Anterior Lt side of heart pumps blood to - ANSWER whole body Rt side of heart pumps blood to - ANSWER lungs