ARDMS ABDOMEN EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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ARDMS ABDOMEN EXAM REVIEW

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

causes of cholilithiasis - Correct Answer-prolonged fasting, hepatocellular disease, hyperalimentation, extrahep bili obstruction what is propagation speed artifact? - Correct Answer-speed of sound in fat results in prolonged sound return time. ectopic ureterocele is associated with - Correct Answer-upper pole of kidney hydronephrosis hypernephroma is also known as? - Correct Answer- transitional cell carcinoma What are causes of pancreatic duct dilation? - Correct Answer- stones within Wirsung, chronic pancreatitis, stone at ampulla of vater Wilms tumor - Correct Answer-most common renal childhood tumor, destroys renal contour, mets to lung liver bone lymph retroperitoneal

Wilms Tumor is also known as - Correct Answer- nephroblastoma celiac trunk branches - Correct Answer-common hepatic artery left gastric artery and splenic art causes of splenomegaly - Correct Answer-inflammatory process, port v thrombosis, polycythimia vera, leukemia, lymphoma function of the spleen - Correct Answer-produces lymphocytes, plasma, and destroys microorganisms What is the most common primary malignant tumor of the spleen? - Correct Answer-angiosarcoma What is the most common cause of splenomegaly? - Correct Answer-portal hypertension Hep C - Correct Answer-blood transfusion/ sexual contact

Acute pancreatitis - Correct Answer-increase in amylase/lipase, enlarged hypoechoic gland, cause: biliary tract disease/alcohol abuse, inflammatory disease SGOT is now known as - Correct Answer-AST/ aspartate aminotransferase Endocrine function - Correct Answer-secrete insulin SGPT - Correct Answer-ALT/ alanine aminotransferase Islet cell tumors are associated with - Correct Answer- endocrine tumors, von hippel/men, insuloma most common Myolipoma - Correct Answer-contain fat/bone, benign non functioning, ass w/ propagation speed artifact renal sinus lipomatosis - Correct Answer-perirenal fat increases and replaces renal parenchyma. aka: replacement lipomatosis, fibrolipomatosis

Autosomal Recessive polycystic kidney disease - Correct Answer-most common genetically determined childhood cystic disease of kidneys nephrocalcinosis - Correct Answer-disorder of calcium metabolism= formation of calcium renal stones in the medulla common hepatic artery divides into the - Correct Answer- proper hepatic artery and gastrodudodenal artery empyema of the gallbladder - Correct Answer-purulent material in gb due to bacteria containing bile ass w/ acute chole. cystic duct obstruction. sx same as acute chole tuberous sclerosis - Correct Answer-benign tumor growth on organs, increase renal cysts/angiomyolipoma acute renal failure - Correct Answer-reduction in glomerular filtration rate urachal cyst - Correct Answer-cystic dilation of the fetal urachus

pseudomyoma pertitonei - Correct Answer-peritoneal cavity filled w/ mucinous /gelatinous material, bowel loops matted to posterior wall, caused by cystadenocarcinoma rupture surgical juandice - Correct Answer-obstructive pathology of biliary tree choriocarcinoma - Correct Answer-lethal most common germ cell tumor, associated with increase hcg what is carcinoembryonic antigen increased with - Correct Answer-colon cancer, cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis complications of acute pancreatitis - Correct Answer- pseudocyst, abscess, hemorrhage, pseudo-aneurysm, thrombosis lymphoma - Correct Answer-sandwhich/mantle sign biliary obstruction causes - Correct Answer-due to distal common bile duct pathology=extra/intra biliary dilation

proximal bili obstruction causes - Correct Answer-gallstones, cancer of common bile duct, mets/tumor invasion of porta hepatis 5 cystic lesions found in spleen - Correct Answer-hydatid, epidermoid, pancreatic pseudocyst, liquified infarts/hematomas, autosomal dom poly disease scale/pulse repitition frequency (prf) - Correct Answer- displays slow flow. aliasing can occur what is the right lobe of the liver supplied by? - Correct Answer-right portal vein what is the left lobe of the liver supplied by? - Correct Answer- left portal vein spleen function - Correct Answer-produce lymphocytes, produce plasma cells, destroys microorganisms

what labs are increased with hepatocellular carcinoma - Correct Answer-alpha fetoprotein, ast,alt,alkaline phosphatase autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease - Correct Answer-most common childhood cystic disease of kidneys what is autosomal recessive poly associated with - Correct Answer-renal dysfunction, pulmonary hypoplasia, periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension what does the common hepatic artery divide into? - Correct Answer-proper hepatic and gatroduodenal artery slice thickness artifact - Correct Answer-low level echoes at bottom of fluid, anatomic structures above/below may appear in image intraperitoneal structures - Correct Answer-stomach, jejunum, 1st part of duodenum, appendix, spleen, cecum, trans colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, liver, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

what are the main causes of portal hypertension - Correct Answer-cirrhosis, schistosomiasis what waveform does the hepatic v have? - Correct Answer- triphasic what is ast elevated in? - Correct Answer-acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic necrosis, injury, juandice, mets, fatty liver lymphoma, mono retroperitoneal structures - Correct Answer-kidany,pancreas, aorta/ivc, adrenal glands, ureters, renal vessels, prostate, lymphatics, gonad vessels, superior mesenteric vessels, 2nd3rd4th duodenum, ascending/desending colon what is alt elevated in? - Correct Answer-acute cirrhosis, liver mets, pancreatitis, obstructive juandice, hepatocellular disease, alcoholic hepatitis clinical features of echinococcal - Correct Answer-juandice, fever, abdomen pain, anaphylactic shock

pheocromocytoma - Correct Answer-originate in adrenal medulla, majority are benign, secrete non/epinephrine what is pheocromocytoma associated with - Correct Answer- multiple endocrine neoplasia, von hippel Schistosomiasis - Correct Answer-most common parasitic adrenal neuroblastoma - Correct Answer-malignant tumor, typically displaces kidneys into pelvis, most common infancy tumor acquired cystic disease - Correct Answer-development of multiple cysts in chronically failed kidneys during long term hemodyalisis what is acquired cystic disease ass with - Correct Answer-renal cell carcinoma autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease - Correct Answer-bilateral renal enlargement,

what is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ass with - Correct Answer-berry aneurysm, cysts in liver pancreas spleen renal artery stenosis - Correct Answer-sudden onset of hypertension, decrease in renal ligamentum venosum - Correct Answer-remnant of ductus venosus, from left port to inferior vena cava refraction - Correct Answer-echoes appear in improper locations, off edge of circular structures hemangiomas - Correct Answer-asymptomatic, no flow, multiple vascular channels hepatic adenomas - Correct Answer-pain due to hemorrhage, large, cold spot on nuclear medicine scan what are risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer - Correct Answer-smoking, high fat diet, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis

causes of splenomegaly - Correct Answer-viral infection, bacterial infection malaria, schistosomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, portal hypertension, congestive heart failure conns disease - Correct Answer-excessive aldosterone secretion what is conns disease associated with? - Correct Answer- adrenal adenoma graves disease - Correct Answer-thyrotoxicosis hyperfunctioning, prominent eyes, palpable lymph nodes, muscle atrophy, weight loss choledocholithisasis - Correct Answer-extra obstructive juandice lymphocele - Correct Answer-leakage of lymph from surgical disruption of lymphatic channels

most common cause of extra biliary obstruction - Correct Answer-choledocholithiasis what labs are elevated with choledocholithiasis - Correct Answer-conjugated bili, alk phos, ggt non biliary causes of increase in alkaline phosphatase - Correct Answer-abscess liver cancer cirrhosis what does ldh increase with - Correct Answer-hep, cirrhosis, hep congestion, obstructive juandice, mono labs elevated w/ parathyroid mass - Correct Answer-serum calcium, parathyroid hormone what transducer would you use for a thyroid ultrasound? - Correct Answer-7.5mhz and up. linear array