ARDMS Abdomen Mock Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct, Exams of Nursing

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ARDMS Abdomen Mock Exam Questions

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Which of the following structures is used as a sonographic landmark in locating the gallbladder fossa? a. main portal vein b. main lobar fissure c. intersegmental fissure d. ligamentum venosum -ANSWER b. main lobar fissure Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a. alcohol abuse b. biliary disease c. hyperlipidemia d. parathyroid disease -ANSWER b. biliary disease Gerota's fascia provides a protective covering around which of the following organs? a. liver b. spleen c. kidney d. prostrate -ANSWER c. kidney Increased venous pressure within the portosplenic venous system will most likely lead to which of the following conditions? a. fatty inflitration b. intestinal angina c. portal hypertension d. portal vein thrombosis -ANSWER c. portal hypertension Normal diameter of the main portal vein should not exceed: a. 0.3 cm b. 0.5 cm c. 1.3 cm d. 2.0 cm -ANSWER c. 1.3cm The integrity of which of the following structures is evaluated with the Thomson test? a. calf muscles b. rotator cuff c. Achilles tendon d. carpal tunnel nerve -ANSWER c. Achilles tendon A small hyperechoic pancreas is identified on ultrasound. This is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? a. islet cell tumor

b. cystic fibrosis c. chronic pancreatitis d. fatty infiltration -ANSWER c. Chronic pancreatitis Which of the following structures is a part of the endocrine system? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. gallbladder -ANSWER c. pancreas True structures: Testes, Pancreas, Thyroid, Pituitary Gland Which of the following is a sonographic finding of an echinococcal cyst? a. target lesions b. cystic masses c. complex masses d. septated cystic mass -ANSWER d. Septated cystic mass A predisposing risk factor associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma may include a history of: a. hepatitis b. cholecystitis c. appendicitis d. ulcerative colitis -ANSWER d. ulcerative colitis NOT Cholecystitis!!! True associations: Male, Cholangitis, Ulcerative colitis, Choledochal cyst A synovial cyst located in the medial popliteal fossa describes a: a. Hunter cyst b. Baker cyst c. Caroli cyst d. Thompson cyst -ANSWER b. Baker's cyst Normal caliber of the SMV should not exceed: a. 0.5 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm -ANSWER b. 1.0cm A patient presents with a history of abdominal pain and lower-extremity edema. An ultrasound is requested to rule out Budd-Chiari syndrome. The sonographer should thoroughly evaluate which of the following organs? a. liver b. spleen

c. kidneys d. adrenal glands -ANSWER a. liver Which of the following structures divides the left lobe into two segments? a. left portal vein and ligamentum of Teres b. left hepatic vein and ligamentum venosum c. left hepatic vein and ligamentum of Teres d. main portal vein and ligamentum venosum -ANSWER c. Left hepatic vein and Ligamentum Teres Cholecystokinin is stimulated once food reaches the: a. cecum b. stomach c. esophagus d. duodenum -ANSWER d. Duodenum The gallbladder is located on the posterior surface of the liver and: a. medial to the inferior vena cava b. anterior to the main lobar fissure c. anterior to the right kidney d. superior to the main lobar fissure -ANSWER c. Anterior to the right kidney All of the following are functions of the pancreas EXCEPT: -ANSWER Doesn't Destroys red blood cells!!!! True functions: Breaks down fats and proteins, Regulates sugar metabolism, Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate A patient presents with severe back pain, weight loss, and painless jaundice. An abnormality in which of the following organs is most likely to correlate with these symptoms? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. gallbladder -ANSWER c. Pancreas The popliteal artery is considered dilated once the diameter exceeds: a. 0.5 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm -ANSWER 1.0cm Which of the following structures surrounds the liver? a. Gerota's fascia b. greater omentum c. surgical capsule

d. Glisson's capsule -ANSWER Glisson's capsule Which of the following conditions is associated with Mirizzi syndrome? a. biliary atresia b. pancreatic neoplasm c. gallbladder neoplasm d. impacted stone in the cystic duct -ANSWER Impacted stone in the cystic duct A spaghetti-like echogenic tubular structure within a bile duct is a sonographic findings associated with: a. ascariasis b. clonorchiasis c. hydatid disease d. schistosomiasis -ANSWER Ascariasis Gallbladder wall thickening is NOT a sonographic finding in: a. benign ascites b. nonfasting patients c. hyperalbuminemia d. congestive heart failure -ANSWER Hyperalbuminemia True findings: Cirrhosis, Benign ascites, Nonfasting patients, Congestive heart failure Congenital anomalies of the gallbladder include all of the following EXCEPT: -ANSWER Strawberry appearance True anomalies: Agenesis, Duplication, Ectopic location, Hourglass shape A fluid collection caused by extravasated bile is termed a: a. biloma b. seroma c. hematoma d. lymphocele -ANSWER Biloma Renal artery stenosis is suggested once the renal artery to aortic ratio exceeds: a. 2. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.0 -ANSWER 3. All of the following structures are located in the retroperitoneum EXCEPT the: - ANSWER Spleen True structures: Kidneys, Pancreas, Adrenal glands, IVC, Aorta Which of the following structures lies within the anterior pararenal space?

a. spleen b. kidneys c. pancreas d. adrenal glands -ANSWER Pancreas The crura of the diaphragm are located: a. anterior to the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta b. posterior to the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta c. anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the abdominal aorta d. posterior to the inferior vena cava and anterior to the abdominal aorta -ANSWER Behind the IVC and in front of the abdominal aorta Splenomegaly is a consistant finding in which of the following liver pathologies? a. polycystic disease b. hepatic vein thrombosis c. portal hypertension d. hepatocellular carcinoma -ANSWER Portal hypertension Carcinoma in which of the following structures can directly extend into the gallbladder? a. spleen b. lung c. kidney d. stomach -ANSWER Stomach Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the common bile duct by a distal external neoplasm is termed: a. Bouveret sign b. Mirizzi syndrome c. Courvoisier sign d. Budd-CChiari syndrome -ANSWER Courvoisier's sign Which of the following structures define the superior and inferior borders of the retroperitoneum? a. diaphragm and pelvic rim b. pancreas and urinary bladder c. crura of the diaphragm and symphysis pubis d. posterior peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles -ANSWER Diaphragm and Pelvic brim Elevation in prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is suspicious for: a. prostatitis b. hydronephrosis c. prostatic carcinoma d. benign protatic hypertrophy -ANSWER Prostatic Carcinoma Thrombosis involving the hepatic veins describes which of the following conditions?

a. Mirizzi syndrome b. Caroli disease c. Budd-Chiari syndrome d. Couinaud sydrome -ANSWER Budd-Chiari syndrome A patient presents with a history of right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. A sonogram of the RUQ demonstrates a calculus lodged in the cystic duct. This finding is a predisposing risk factor for developing: a. cholangitis b. acute cholecystitis c. adenomyomatosis d. portal vein thrombosis -ANSWER Acute cholecystitis Which of the following structures may be mistaken for an extrarenal pelvis? a. renal vein b. adrenal cyst c. junctional perenchymal defect d. hypertrophied column of Bertin -ANSWER Renal vein A patient presents with a history of intermittent fever, nausea, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. He admits to recently traveling to the Middle East. A complex, solitary mass is identified in the right lobe of the liver. This mass is most suspicious for a(n): a. hepatoma b. cystadenoma c. amebic abscess d. echinococcal cyst -ANSWER Amebic Abscess Which of the following terms is used more commonly used to describe an enlarged or dilated vein? a. varix b. venule c. aneurysm d. perforator -ANSWER Varix Which of the following conditions most commonly causes the formation of a hepatic abscess? a. hepatitis b. cholelithiasis c. acute pancreatitis d. ascending cholangitis -ANSWER Ascending cholangitis Which of the following structures is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head? a. splenic vein b. common bile duct c. gastroduodenal artery

d. portosplenic confluence -ANSWER Gastroduodenal Artery A patient presents with a palpable neck mass. A sonogram demonstrates an echogenic mass in the superior lobe of the right thyroid gland. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this nodule. This mass is most suspicious for which of the following neoplasms? a. goiter b. lipoma c. adenoma d. carcinoma -ANSWER Adenoma Which of the following organs is responsible for manufacturing heparin? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. adrenal gland -ANSWER Liver The length of a normal adult spleen should not exceed: a. 8 cm b. 10 cm c. 13 cm d. 17 cm -ANSWER 13cm Which type of aneurysm is most commonly associated with bacterial infection? a. true aneurysm b. mycotic aneurysm c. ectatic aneurysm d. dissecting aneurysm -ANSWER Mycotic Aneurysm Which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach? a. gastrin b. pepsin c. amylase d. cholecystokinin -ANSWER Pepsin Which of the following conditions is associated with rebound pain at McBurney's point? a. pancratitis b. cholecystitis c. appendicitis d. Crohn disease -ANSWER Appendicitis A round anechoic mass is identified next to the renal pelvis. This is most suspicious for which of the following? a. adrenal cyst b. peripelvic cyst c. extrarenal pelvis

d. parapelvic cyst -ANSWER Parapelvic cyst Which of the following is the most common clinical symptom associated with portal vein thrombosis? a. jaundice b. weight loss c. lower-extremity edema d. severe abdominal pain -ANSWER Severe abdominal pain The diameter of a TIPS shunt should measure a minimum of: a. 2 to 4 mm b. 6 to 8 mm c. 8 to 12 mm d. 10 to 20 mm -ANSWER 8-12mm Which of the following structures separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver? a. left portal vein b. falciform ligament c. main lobar fissure d. ligamentum venosum -ANSWER Ligamentum Venosum A questionable mass is identified in the anterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. Which of the following structures border this region? a. left hepatic and right hepatic veins b. right portal and right hepatic veins c. middle hepatic and right hepatic veins d. right hepatic and main portal veins -ANSWER Middle hepatic and Right hepatic veins A mass displacing the renal calyces is documented on a recent intravenous pyelogram. A sonogram over this area demonstrates a smooth circular anechoic renal mass. This mass is most suspicious for a(n): a. simple cyst b. cystadenoma c. extrarenal pelvis d. malignant neoplasm -ANSWER Simple cyst When hydronephrosis is encountered, the sonographer should evaluate the urinary bladder for evidence of a(n): a. infection b. obstruction c. duplication d. inflammation -ANSWER Obstruction Sonographic characteristics of a neonatal kidney include all of the following EXCEPT: - ANSWER NOT Prominent renal sinus

True characteristics: Anechoic medullary pyramid, Sparse amount of perinephric fat, Moderately echogenic renal cortex, Difficulty in distinguishing the renal capsule To aid in demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing, the sonographer should: a. decrease the image depth b. decrease the dynamic range c. increase the transducer frequency d. decrease the number of focal zones -ANSWER Increase the transducer frequency All of the following patient positions can be used for visualization of the abdominal aorta EXCEPT: -ANSWER Prone True positions: Supine, Erect, Oblique, Decubitus Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the surrounding tissues is termed a (n): a. abscess b. pseudocyst c. hemorrhage d. phlegmon -ANSWER Phlegmon Elevation in conjugated bilirubin levels is associated with all of the following conditions EXCEPT: -ANSWER Fatty Infiltration True associations: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Choledocolithiasis, Liver mets Which of the following organs is associated with an elevation of aldosterone? a. liver b. thyroid c. pancreas d. adrenal gland -ANSWER Adrenal gland An extrarenal pelvis may be mistaken for all of the following structures EXCEPT: - ANSWER Hypertrophied column of Bertin True Mistakes: Hydroureter, Renal cyst, Renal vein, Renal neoplasm Which of the following vascular structures is commonly mistaken as the pancreatic duct? a. splenic artery b. splenic vein c. gastric artery d. gastroduodenal artery -ANSWER Splenic artery Cortical thickness of the normal adult kidney should measure a minimum of: a. 0.7 cm

b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm -ANSWER 1.0cm Which of the following conditions is associated with a complete failure of the adrenocortical function? a. Cushing disease b. Addison disease c. Caroli disease d. Graves disease -ANSWER Addison's disease The main renal arteries arise from the lateral aspect of the aorta approximately 1.5cm inferior to the: a. celiac axis b. portosplenic confluence c. caudate lobe of the liver d. superior mesenteric artery -ANSWER SMA Splenomegaly can be associated with all of the following conditions EXCEPT: - ANSWER Cholelithiasis True associations: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, Mononucleosis, Congestive heart failure Which of the following is an abnormal flow characteristic of the hepatic veins? a. pulsatile b. hepatopetal c. multiphasic d. spontaneous -ANSWER Hepatopetal Which of the following organs is associated with the "olive sign"? a. liver b. stomach c. appendix d. gallbladder -ANSWER Stomach Sonographic findings associated with acute appendicitis may include all of the following EXCEPT: -ANSWER Compressible tubular structure True associations: Hypervascular tubular structure, Appendix diameter exceeding 6mm, Appendix with wall thickness exceeding 2mm, Rebound pain at McBurney's point Which of the following structures is most commonly mistaken as a renal neoplasm? a. psoas muscle b. extrarenal pelvis c. junctional parenchymal defect d. hypertrophied column of Bertin -ANSWER Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Which of the following laboratory tests will most likely elevate in cases of nonobstructive jaundice? a. serum albumin b. indirect bilirubin c. alkaline phosphatase d. conjugated bilirubin -ANSWER Indirect bilirubin Which region of the gallbladder is located most superiorly? a. body b. neck c. fundus d. phrygian cap -ANSWER Neck Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk in developing a thyroid malignancy? a. Graves disease b. de Quervain syndrome c. Hashimoto disease d. Addison disease -ANSWER Hashimoto's disease Which of the following invasive procedures removes a small piece of living tissue for microscopic analysis? a. core biopsy b. paracentesis c. fine-needle biopsy d. cyst aspiration -ANSWER Core biopsy A pancreatic pseudocyst is most commonly located in which of the following regions? a. lesser sac b. subphrenic space c. pararenal space d. Morison pouch -ANSWER Lesser sac A patient presents to the ER with severe left upper quadrant pain. Lab values demonstrate a serum lipase of 670IU/L. An abdominal ultrasound is ordered to rule out: a. cirrhosis b. splenomegaly c. biliary disease d. hepatic malignancy -ANSWER Biliary disease Which of the following anatomical variants demonstrates an outward bulge to the lateral renal cortex? a. fetal lobulation b. dromedary hump c. junctional parenchymal defect

d. hypertrophied column of Bertin -ANSWER Dromedary hump A congenital anomaly associated with the fusion of both kidneys within the same body quadrant describes: a. a cake kidney b. a renal ptosis c. a horshoe kidney d. crossed fused ectopia -ANSWER Crossed fused ectopia A patient with a recent history of angioplasty presents with a pulsatile inguinal mass. A fluid collection adjacent to the common femoral artery is identified. Color and spectral Doppler demonstrates turbulent flow within the fluid collection. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with a(n): a. lipoma b. hematoma c. pseudoaneurysm d. aneurysm of the common femoral artery -ANSWER Pseudoaneurysm A 25-year-old patient presents with a nontender palpable breast mass. A hypoechoic, oval-shaped,mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is identified in the breast parenchyma. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for a: a. lipoma b. hamartoma c. complex cyst d. fibroadenoma -ANSWER Fibroadenoma Which of the following tasks is a function of the spleen? a. regulate serum electrolytes b. remove foreign material from the blood c. convert excess amino acids into glucose d. maintain homeostasis of calcium concentration -ANSWER Remove foreign materials from the blood An abnormality of the gallbladder wall exhibiting a "comet tail" artifact describes: a. pneumobilia b. adenomyomatosis c. porcelain gallbladder d. gallbladder carcinoma -ANSWER Adenomyomatosis A transplant kidney is more commonly placed in which of the following regions? a. left lower quadrant b. periumbilical area c. right lower quadrant d. right upper quadrant -ANSWER c. right lower quadrant

Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays the sonographic appearance and location of a Meckel diverticulum? a. hyperechoic mass located near the anal canal b. isoechoic mass located near the ileocecal valve c. anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus d. complex mass, slightly inferior to the ligamentum venosum -ANSWER Anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus Which of the following terms describes a noninflammatory degenerative change in a tendon? a. tenalgia b. tendonitis c. tenodynia d. tendinosis -ANSWER Tendinosis Within 5 years, the risk for rupture of a AAA measuring 5cm in diameter is: a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 75% -ANSWER 5% Prior to the bifurcation, the last major visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: a. lumbar artery b. hypogastric artery c. median sacral artery d. inferior mesenteric artery -ANSWER Inferior mesenteric artery Which of the following abnormalities commonly coexists in patient with a popliteal aneurysm? a. synovial cyst b. deep vein Thrombosis c. congestive heart failure d. abdominal aortic aneurysm -ANSWER Abdominal aortic aneurysm Which of the following peritoneal spaces is located superior to the liver? a. lesser sac b. prevesical space c. subphrenic space d. Morison pouch -ANSWER Subphrenic space A patient arrives for an abdominal ultrasound owing to a history of hepatitis B. Which of the following abnormalities is the clinician likely excluding? a. cirrhosis b. fatty infiltration c. portal ypertension d. hepatocellular carcinoma -ANSWER Hepatocellular carcinoma

The majority of metastatic lesions in the liver originate from which of the following sites? a. lung b. breast c. colon d. pancreas -ANSWER Colon The CBD passes through which of the following structures prior to entering the duodenum? a. ampulla of Oddi b. duct of Wirsung c. ampulla of Vater d. foramenof Winslow -ANSWER Ampulla of Vater Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? a. Graves disease b. de Quervain syndrome c. Hashimoto disease d. Bouveret syndrome -ANSWER Hashimoto's The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland arises from the: a. inferior aspect of a thyroid lobe b. superior aspect of the isthmus c. anterior aspect of the thyroid gland d. posterior aspect of the isthmus -ANSWER Superior aspect of the isthmus All of the following structures are located within the renal sinus EXCEPT: -ANSWER Ureter True structures: Lymphatics, Minor calyces, Fibrous tissue, Major calyces Which of the following abnormalities involves the distal ureter and the urinary bladder? a. ureterocele b. diverticulum c. urachal sinus d. bladder polyp -ANSWER Ureterocele Postvoid residual in the normal adult urinary bladder should not exceed: a. 5 mL b. 20 mL c. 50 mL d. 100 mL -ANSWER 20mL All of the following sonographic findings are likely associated with portal hypertension EXCEPT: -ANSWER Acute pancreatitis

True associations: Splenomegaly, Intrinsic liver disease, Dilated main portal vein, Portosystemic collaterals Malignant neoplasms involving the colon are more commonly located in which of the following regions? a. anus b. cecum c. rectum d. sigmoid colon -ANSWER c. rectum On ultrasound, visualization of a needle during an invasive procedure is attained in a plane: a. parallel to the needle path b. perpendicular to the needle path c. posterior to the needle path d. perpendicular to the examination -ANSWER Parallel to the needle path The pyloric canal is considered abnormal when the length exceeds: -ANSWER 18mm The Whipple procedure is a surgical resection of which of the following organs? - ANSWER Pancreas Which of the following peritoneal spaces most commonly demonstrates ascites? - ANSWER Subhepatic space Which of the following structures is most likely adjacent to an omental cyst? -ANSWER Stomach & pancreas All of the following statements accurately describe the portal veins: -ANSWER The portal veins contain echogenic fibrin, Nutrient-rich blood is transported through the portal veins, The majority of the liver's blood supply is through the portal veins, The main portal vein divides into the right and left portal veins near the hepatic hilum. A patient presents with a mass in the lateral aspect of the neck. An anechoic structure is demonstrated just below the jawline. Which of the following cystic structures is most likely identified? -ANSWER Brachial cleft cyst The IVC is considered enlarged once the diameter exceeds: -ANSWER 3.7cm A round, homogeneous, solid mass is identified medial to the splenic hilum. The echo texture is similar to the adjacent splenic parenchyma. On the basis of these sonographic findings, the mass is most consistent with which of the following? -ANSWER Accessory spleen Which of the following structures is most commonly associated with internal hemorrhage? -ANSWER Low Hematocrit

Which of the following patient positions is typically used during a thoracentesis? - ANSWER Sitting A transplant kidney is more commonly placed in which of the following regions? - ANSWER Right lower quadrant Peritoneal ascites is associated with all of the following conditions EXCEPT: -ANSWER Pneumonia True associations: Recent surgery, Chronic liver disease, Congestive heart failure, Portal venous obstruction Under normal conditions, which of the following arteries supply the majority of blood to the brain? -ANSWER Internal carotid artery Malignant neoplasms involving the colon are more commonly located in which of the following regions? -ANSWER Rectum The head of the pancreas surrounds the duodenum in which of the following anomalies? a. phlegmon b. ectopic pancreas c. annular pancreas d. pancreas divisum -ANSWER Annular pancreas Nonshadowing, low-amplitude echoes layering in the dependent portion of the gallbladder describes? a. gallstones b. biliary sludge c. adenomyomatosis d. tumefactive sludge -ANSWER Biliary sludge Which portion of the pancreas is located most superiorly in the abdomen? a. tail b. head c. neck d. body -ANSWER Tail Which of the following conditions is an inherited disorder? a. biliary atresia b. hyperaldosteronism c. polycystic kidney disease d. multicystic renal dysplasia -ANSWER Polycystic kidney disease Renal dialysis patients have a predisposing factor for developing renal:

a. abscess b. lipoma c. calculus d. carcinoma -ANSWER Carcinoma The diameter of a normal common iliac artery should not exceed: a. 0.5 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm -ANSWER 2.0cm