ARDMS Abdomen Outline Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+, Exams of Medicine

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ARDMS Abdomen Outline Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ [Document subtitle] Denning [Date] [Course title]

Ventral Hernia - Answer: a bulge of tissues through an opening of weakness within your abdominal wall muscles. It can occur at any location on your abdominal wall. Many are called incisional hernias because they form at the healed site of past surgical incisions. Inferior epigastric artery= key landmark Inguinal Hernia - Answer: A groin (inguinal) hernia occurs when part of the intestine bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal is a passageway through the abdominal wall near the groin. Inguinal hernias are up to 10 times more common in men than in women. Incisional Hernia - Answer: a protrusion of tissue that forms at the site of a healing surgical scar. This type of hernia accounts for 15-20 percent of all abdominal hernias. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy - Answer: overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine Arteriovenous fistula - Answer: communication between an artery and a vein Renal artery stenosis - Answer: The renal resistive index is a nonspecific prognostic marker in vascular diseases that affect the kidney. High resistive indices (>0.8) in native kidneys are associated with renal dysfunction and adverse cardiovascular events TIPS - Answer: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, The in-stent velocities are typically higher than in a native portal vein normal TIPS velocity: 90-190 cm/sec, normal portal vein velocity before entering the TIPS: ~30 cm/sec phasic waveform the portal vein branches normally reverse their flow into the shunt

Postsurgical breast abnormalities - Answer: Dense scar tissue forms, can be mistaken for breast cancer, scarring causes increased reflection and reduced penetration of the ultrasound beam Hyperechoic Mets - Answer: related to GI tract primary Hypoechoic Mets w hypervascularity - Answer: renal cell carcinoma Hypoechoic Mets - Answer: related to lymphoma Cystic lesion Mets - Answer: sarcoma Bulls eye mets - Answer: lung primary Mets lesions - Answer: low resistance flow UTI usually starts - Answer: in the bladder and ascends to the kidneys ERCP can lead to air in - Answer: the biliary tree micronodular cirrhosis (<1cm) - Answer: alcohol consumption macronodular cirrhosis (1-5cm) - Answer: chronic viral hepatitis Heterozygous sickle cell anemia - Answer: splenomegaly intrahepatic cholestatis - Answer: liver disease extrahepatic cholestasis - Answer: obstruction

chronic renal failure - Answer: decrease in size, increase in echogenicity neuroblastoma - Answer: will not distort the renal contour or disrupt the capsule nephroblastoma - Answer: will distort the renal contour and disrupt the capsule allograft - Answer: transplanted organ transudate ascites - Answer: CHF, liver and kidney disease exudate ascites - Answer: malignancy pancreas divisum - Answer: embryonic failure of fusion of the pancreas tissues Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer: most common liver malignancy seen with AIDS patients