ARDMS Practice Test Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+, Exams of Law

Download ARDMS Practice Test Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity! ARDMS Practice Test Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ [Document subtitle] Denning [Date] [Course title] Sonographers should be aware of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Best practice while scanning is to avoid abducting the arm more than how many degrees? a. 50 b. 90 c. 30 d. 40 - Answer: c. 30 Which action demonstrates best practice during ultrasound exams regarding the ALARA principle? a. The exposure time should be extended during the exam. b. use the lowest possible output power that provides a diagnostic image. c. use the lowest possible gain. d. Ensure that the time gain compensation (TGC is within acceptable limits. - Answer: b. use the lowest possible output power that provides a diagnostic image Which type of cavitation is the most concerning cause of bioeffects? a. Transient b. Absorption c. Stable d. Thermal - Answer: a. transient Assuming an unfocused ultrasound beam, the American Institute of ultrasound in Medicine's "statement on Mammalian Biological Effects of ultrasound In vivo" has confirmed that no bioeffects have been noted when the spatial pulse temporal average (SPTA) intensity is less than which value? a. 1 mW/cm2 b. 100 W/cm2 c. 1 W/cm2 d. 100 mW/cm2 - Answer: d. 100 mW/cm2 A sonographer notices that the mechanical index (MI) is too high during an ultrasound. What would be the MOST appropriate modification that the sonographer can make? c. Obstruction d. Acoustic impedance - Answer: a. absorption Select the modification that the sonographer can make to decrease the amount of attenuation as the ultrasound beam travels through tissues. a. Increase the imaging depth. b. Increase the frequency of the transducer. c. Decrease the output power. d. Decrease the frequency of the transducer. - Answer: d. decrease the frequency of the transducer Choose the ultrasound system function that enables the sonographer to adapt to the amount of attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. a. Focusing b. Receiver gain c. TGC d. Output power - Answer: c. TGC Assume that a sound beam is traveling in soft tissue. Calculate the attenuation coefficient if the frequency is 12 MHz. a. 12dB/cm b. 6 dB/cm c. 8 dB/cm d. 10 dB/cm - Answer: b. 6 dB/cm What is NOT a component of attenuation? a. Reflection b. Scattering c. Resolution d. Absorption - Answer: c. resolution Impedance is NOT influenced by which component? a. The frequency of the transducer b. Density c. Propagation speed d. Stiffness - Answer: a. the frequency of the transducer For reflection to take place, which situation must exist? a. The border of two different tissues must have different impedances. b. There must be Iittle difference of the impedances at soft-tissue boundaries. c. Normal incidence and identical impedances must be present d. Oblique incidence must occur. - Answer: a. The border of two different tissues must have different impedances. While assuming continuous wave (cw) ultrasound, what is the duty factor (DF)? a. 0.2% b. l% c. 0% d. 100% - Answer: d. 100% What will happen to the duty factor (DF) if the system increases the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) ? a. DF remains the same. b. DF increases. c. DF is not related to PRF. d. DF decreases. - Answer: b. DF increases The best axial resolution will be apparent if the sonographer performs an exam with a transducer that has which characteristic? a. Longer pulse length b. Longer wavelength c. Shorter pulse length d. More ringing in the pulse - Answer: c. Shorter pulse length Lateral resolution will be improved if the sonographer performs which operation? a. Decreases the scanning depth b. Increases the number of focal zones c. Maximizes the output power d. Uses a lower frequency - Answer: b. Increases the number of focal zones Which action will NOT increase (or improve) temporal resolution? a. Increase the imaging depth. b. Decrease the number of focal zones. c. Use a sector size that is narrow. d. Use a low line density. - Answer: a. Increase the imaging depth. Which name describes how the angles of the incident and transmission beams are related to the speed of the two media? a. Bernoulli's principle b. Curie point c. Huygens' principle d. Snell's law - Answer: d. Snell's law What can be done when investigating a possible kidney stone to better demonstrate shadowing from the stone when using a 3 MHz probe? steered mechanically. a. Annular phased array b. Mechanical c. Linear sequential array d. Convex sequential array - Answer: a. Annular phased array If the diameter of the PZT crystal is 13 mm, which sentence describes the sound wave's diameter in the Fresnel zone? a. The sound beam will be half of the diameter of the crystal in the Fresnel zone. b. 13 mm c. 26 mm d. The sound wave narrows as it leaves the transducer. - Answer: d. The sound wave narrows as it leaves the transducer. The amount of divergence that occurs in the far field is determined by the sound wave's frequency and which component? a. Line density b. Focal zone depth c. Diameter of the crystal d. Speed - Answer: c. Diameter of the crystal Select the type of transducer that produces an image that takes on the shape of a parallelogram when it is electronically steered. a. Linear phased array b. Linear sequential array c. Annular phased array d. Convex array - Answer: b. Linear sequential array Choose the type of transducer that lacks range resolution. a. Phased array b. Annular array c. Continuous wave (CW) d. Linear sequential array - Answer: c. Continuous wave (CW) In this phased array transducer, what direction will the beam be steered? a. 45 degrees to the right b. Slightly to the left c. Slightly to the right d. 45 degrees to the left - Answer: d. 45 degrees to the left What configuration is necessary to focus the ultrasound wave in a linear phased array transducer? a. Electronic slope b. Dynamic aperture c. PZT crystals d. Electronic curve - Answer: d. Electronic curve Which parameter is decreased by the ultrasound machine to evade the possibility of range ambiguity when the imaging depth is increased? a. Number of scan lines b. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) c. Pulse repetition period (PRP) d. Persistence - Answer: b. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) Which phrase does NOT describe an effect that focusing has on the ultrasound beam? a. A bigger focal zone b. Enhanced near zone resolution c. Diminished lateral resolution of the far zone d. Results in a shorter near zone - Answer: a. A bigger focal zone Select the answer that best describes how B-mode will typically display blood vessels? a. Hyperechoic b. Isogenic c. Anechoic d. Heterogeneous - Answer: c. Anechoic How deep is a reflector if the go-return time of a sound wave is 39 us? a. 2cm b. 3cm c. 5cm d. 6cm - Answer: b. 3cm Why does grayscale imaging require the use of pulsed wave ultrasound? a. To optimize penetration b. To optimize temporal resolution c. To determine the bandwidth d. To determine the depth of the reflector - Answer: d. To determine the depth of the reflector Which system function is modified if the ultrasound user adjusts the receiver gain? a. Demodulation b. Reject c. Amplification d. Compression - Answer: c. Amplification When M-mode is employed during an echocardiogram, what information is depicted on the display? a. Depth and amplitude b. Time and frequency c. Amplitude, motion, and time b. Edge enhancement c. Fill-in interpolation d. Increase the receiver gain - Answer: b. Edge enhancement Which phrase correctly describes the following ultrasound beam? a. Unfocused, no steering b. Focused, steered to the right c. Unfocused, steered to the left d. Focused, steered to the left - Answer: d. Focused, steered to the left What is the name of the approach to image production in which the reflected ultrasound beam is averaged among multiple frequencies to lessen the effects of noise and speckle in the image? a. Spatial compounding b. Tissue harmonics c. Frequency compounding d. Temporal compounding - Answer: c. Frequency compounding What is a function of the receiver? a. It shapes the ultrasound beam. b. It controls the collaboration of the synergy of the ultrasound components. c. It stores images and video clips. d. It changes and displays the signal sent from the transducer to the monitor - Answer: d. It changes and displays the signal sent from the transducer to the monitor What is the correct order in which the receiver functions during image production? a. Amplification, compensation, compression, demodulation, reject b. Amplification, reject, demodulation, compensation, compression c. Amplification, demodulation, compression, reject, compensation d. Amplification, compression, demodulation, reject, compensation - Answer: a. Amplification, compensation, compression, demodulation, reject Preprocessing functions occur before the data reaches which component of the ultrasound system? a. Pulser b. Scan converter c. Receiver d. Beam former - Answer: b. Scan converter Which phrase describes the scenario in which persistence will be best used? a. When persistence cannot be adjusted by the user b. During the interrogation of rapid blood flow c. During the interrogation of slow blood flow d. When more noise is desired during image production - Answer: c. During the interrogation of slow blood flow When using 3D ultrasound, what is the name of the smallest element of the picture that is generated? a. Pixel b. Voxel c. Byte d. Bit - Answer: b. Voxel Digital imaging systems require which component to link the ultrasound system and the archiving network? a. BIT b. RIS c. PACS d. DICOM - Answer: d. DICOM Which component enables facilities that use digital imaging to archive and share the images of exams performed in the department? a. RIS b. PACS c. BIT d. DICOM - Answer: b. PACS Which describes the progression in which a signal moves through an ultrasound machine? a. Scan converter, transducer, display, receiver b. Transducer, scan converter, display, receiver c. Scan converter, receiver, display, transducer d. Transducer, receiver, scan converter, display - Answer: d. Transducer, receiver, scan converter, display Which choice will optimize the spatial resolution? a. 1,500 x 1,500 analog b. 200 x 200 pixels c. 800 x 800 pixels d. 300 x 300 digital - Answer: a. 1,500 x 1,500 analog Which system control was used to create the following image? a. Elastography b. Color Doppler c. Extended field of view (EFOV) d. B-mode - Answer: c. Extended field of view (EFOV) Which step CANNOT be used to correct the imaging error seen in the following tracing of the external carotid artery (ECA)? a. Switch to a lower frequency transducer. b. Move the baseline down. c. Reposition the gate to a location that is deeper. d. Increase the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to its maximum value - Answer: c. Reposition the gate to a location that is deeper. While using pulsed wave Doppler, the sonographer believes that the measurements are not accurate. After switching to a 4.5 MHz continuous wave (CW) Doppler at a depth of 5 cm, what will the maximum velocity cap be? a. There will not be a maximum velocity cap with CW Doppler. b. 45 cm/s c. 150 cm/s d. This cannot be determined with the given information. - Answer: a. There will not be a maximum velocity cap with CW Doppler What will the aliasing frequency be if a renal artery duplex exam is performed at a depth of 6 cm, the length of the sample volume is 0.50 mm, and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is 8 kHz with the Doppler frequency at 3.5 MHz? a. 3.5 MHz b. 8 kHz c. 7 MHz d. 4 kHz - Answer: d. 4 kHz Which statement is NOT true concerning color Doppler? a. Doppler frequency shift is reached with the use of the autocorrelation method. b. Aliasing may occur when using color Doppler. c. Color Doppler is a reliable method to measure the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities. d. Range resolution exists with color Doppler. - Answer: c. Color Doppler is a reliable method to measure the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities. If a sonographer must interrogate a blood vessel that displays slow flow once color Doppler is applied, what should be done to the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to improve the visualization of flow? a. Adjusting the PRF has no effect. b. Decrease the PRF. c. Increase the PRF. d. Adjusting the PRF will create aliasing. - Answer: b. Decrease the PRF. If the red blood cells are traveling away from the transducer, what type of Doppler shift is present? a. Negative b. Unequivocal c. None d. Positive - Answer: a. Negative A sonographer has access to 10 MHz linear sequential, 7 MHz linear sequential, and 4.5 MHz curved array transducers. If the 10 MHz transducer produces aliasing during a carotid duplex study, what can be done to alleviate this issue if a shallower window did NOT correct the problem? a. Switch to the 4.5 MHz curved array transducer. b. Neither of the two remaining transducers will resolve this issue. c. Switch to the 7 MHz linear sequential transducer. d. None of these transducers should be used for carotid duplex exams. - Answer: c. Switch to the 7 MHz linear sequential transducer. If the sonographer does not see any color flow when applied but could see movement of blood cells within the vessel on grayscale imaging what should the operator assume? a. Power Doppler must be used instead. b. The angle of incidence is 90 degrees and needs to be changed. c. The blood vessel is obstructed. d. Maintenance must be called as the color Doppler is not sensitive enough. - Answer: b. The angle of incidence is 90 degrees and needs to be changed When using spectral Doppler, the sonographer notices information correlates with that lower velocities missing from the waveform, what control can be modified to demonstrate these velocities? a. Wall filter b. Scale c. Depth d. Gain - Answer: a. Wall filter If the Reynolds number is 2,078, what does this suggest? a. Plug flow b. Laminar flow c. Disturbed flow d. Turbulent flow - Answer: d. Turbulent flow The carotid artery is being examined with color Doppler. which artifact is present if the color appears to be bleeding outside of the vessel when color Doppler is applied? a. Clutter b. Crosstalk c. Ghosting d. Aliasing - Answer: c. Ghosting If a sonographer measures the peak systolic velocity (PSV) from the ICA