ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute Lung Question and answers 100% correct, Exams of Nursing

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ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome/ Acute Lung Injury

a group of disorders that has diverse causes but similarly pathophysiology, symptoms and treatments - correct answer acute respiratory distress syndrome acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is also called what? - correct answer adult respiratory distress syndrome acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs because of what? - correct answer acute lung injury ARDS occurs because of acute lung injury (ALI). The most common cause of injury is what - correct answer widespread sepsis ARDS occurs because of acute lung injury (ALI). The most common cause of injury is widespread sepsis. other causes include what? - correct answer pneumonia, trauma, shock, narcotic overdose, inhalation of irritants, burns, pancreatitis, and aspiration. Some causes of ARDS is widespread sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, shock, narcotic overdose, inhaltion of irritants, burns, pancreatitis, and aspiration. Each of these causes begins a chain of events leading to what - correct answer alveolocapillary damage and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (pulmonary edema that is not caused by heart failure) ARDS usually affects pts without a previous what - correct answer history of lung disease the alveolocapillary membranes become infalmed and damaged by what - correct answer direct contact with an inhaled irritant or by chemical mediators that are released when systemic injury occurs When a pt. has ARDS the alveolocapillary membranes become leaky which causes what? - correct answer proteins, blood cells, and fluid move from the capillaries into the interstitial space and then into the alveoli. Surfactant (a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli) is reduced.

When a pt has ARDS the alveolocapillary membranes become leaky and causes proteins, blood cells, and fluid to move from the capillaries into the interstitial space and then into the alveoli. surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli is reduced. when this happens, what takes place? - correct answer atelectasis (alveoli collapse) and fibrotic changes When a pt has ARDS atelectasis (alveoli collapse) and fibrotic changes takes place, these changes cause the lungs to become what? which in turn makes the pt what? - correct answer lungs become stiff or less compliant, making the pt work hard to inspire in a pt with ARDS blood supply to the alveoli may be adequate, but collapsed, wet alveoli are unable to oxygenate it. in other areas of the lungs, vasoconstriction reduces the ability of the vessels to pick up oxygen from functioning alveoli. Tired respiratory muscles, in combination with edema and atelectasis does what - correct answer reduce gas exchange and result in hypoxia As ARDS progresses in the pt. atelectasis and edema worse and the lungs may what? - correct answer hemorrhage A chest x ray on a pt with ARDS appears how? why? - correct answer white because of the excessive fluid in the lungs. some older names for what is now known as ARDS. (will help you think about what it does to the lungs: WWSS lung) - correct answer wet lung, white lung, shock lung, and stiff lung. what's important in prevention of ARDS - correct answer early recognition and treatment of underlying disorders Initially the pt with ARDS may experience what - correct answer dyspnea and an increase in respiratory rate initially the pt with ARDS may experience dyspnea and an increase in respiratory rate. What results from this hyperventilation - correct answer respiratory alkalosis whats auscultated in the pt with ARDS? - correct answer Fine inspiratory crackles

initially the pt with ARDS may experience dyspnea and an increase in respiratory rate. Respiratory Alkalosis results from hyperventilation. As the condition worsens, breathing becomes more rapid and labored and the pt becomes what - correct answer cyanotic when the pt is no longer able to oxygenate the blood and get rid of carbon dioxide, what occurs - correct answer respiratory acidosis Oxygen therapy does not reverse the hypoxemia in the ARDS pt. If ARDS is not reversed, eventually hypoxemia leads to what - correct answer decreased cardiac output, shock and death Complications that can result from ARDS include what - correct answer heart failure, pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation, infection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). how is recovery in most patients who survive ARDS - correct answer recover completely the death rate for ARDS in the past was 100%. with newer treatments, it is now closer to what - correct answer 45-50% diagnosis of ARDS is made based on what - correct answer history of a causative injury, physical examination, chest x ray examination, and blood gas analysis. when diagnosing ARDS what is done to rule out a cardiac related cause - correct answer ECG the pt with ARDS is cared for where - correct answer in ICU treatment for ARDS begins with what - correct answer oxygen therapy that is adjusted based on repeated ABG results. when treating a pt with ARDS what is necessary in most cases to keep the airways open? - correct answer intubation and mechanical ventilation, with the use of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). NIPPV may work for some pts

when treating a pt with ARDS whats used to reduce pulmonary edema - correct answer diuretics, care being taken to prevent fluid depletion when caring for pt with ARDS whats administered if blood pressure or urine output is low - correct answer IV fluids when caring for a pt. with ARDS what may be used to monitor hemodynamic status - correct answer a pulmonary artery catheter if infection or sepsis is the underlying cause for ARDS whats administered - correct answer antibiotics to maintain nutrictional status while the ARDS pt is acutely ill what may be given? - correct answer TPN (total parenteral nutrition) whats a good position to put the ARDS pt in that helps increase PaO2? - correct answer Good lung down besides the good lung down whats another position that has also been shown to increase oxygenation in pt's with ARDS? - correct answer prone position the pt. with ARDS should be monitored on mental status, including restlessness, confusion and LOC, why? - correct answer reduced oxygenation can produce CNS symptoms monitor symptoms of the underlying cause of respiratory failure. if the cause is infectious what do you monitor? - correct answer temp and WBC monitor symptoms of the underlying cause of respiratory failure. if infection is respiratory in origin what do you monitor - correct answer cough and sputum all assessment findings with the ARDS pt should be compared with earlier data. what kind of changes in the assessment findings can be significant and should be reported - correct answer even subtle changes

whats the priority nursing diagnoses for the pt. experiencing respiratory failure - correct answer impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance, and ineffective breathing pattern related diagnoses for the pt experiencing respiratory failure - correct answer activity intolerance, anxiety, disturbed thought processes, and self care deficit if both lungs are disease which lung down would be most beneficial and why - correct answer right lung because the right lung has a larger surface area how will you know if interventions have been effective for the pt experiencing respiratory failure - correct answer the pt. will state that dyspnea is controlled. mental status will be normal for that pt. airways will be clear at all times, and the pts respiratory rate will be regular and within normal limits