ARDS Question and answers already passed, Exams of Nursing

Download ARDS Question and answers already passed and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ARDS What is the histopathologic counter part of ARDS? What does it demonstrate? - correct answer Diffuse alveolar damage Demonstrates diffuse damage to the alveolar-capillary interface, resulting in exudative edema and hyaline membrane formation What is the major cause of death in patients with ARDS? - correct answer Multi-organ failure What is a common complication of ARDS a couple weeks into the illness? Why? - correct answer PTX -- ARDS involves destruction of lung tissue -- 2nd week is when it becomes severe enough to promote PTX When treating ARDS with mechanical ventilation, should low or high Tidal Volume be used? Why? - correct answer Lower tidal volume -- limits volume trauma to lungs and therefore reduces mortality What technique with mechanical ventilation of ARDS patients can improve mortality? - correct answer Prone Ventilation True or False: Nitric Oxide improves mortality in ARDS patients. - correct answer False -- It improves oxygenation but NOT mortality What is ARDS? - correct answer Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- Severe, acute lung injury involving diffuse alveolar damage, increased microvascular permeability, and NON-CARDIOGENIC pulmonary edema What are the 4 defining features of ARDS? What are the Berlin Classifications for ARDS? - correct answer ARDS 1. Acute onset of respiratory failure 2. Ratio of PaO2/FiO2 < 300 3. Double (Bilat) infiltrates on CXR 4. Scant (no) evidence of volume overload (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema) Berlin: Mild: PaO2/FiO2 < 300 Moderate: PaO2/FiO2 < 200 Severe: PaO2/FiO2 < 300<100 What is the pathogenesis of ARDS? - correct answer Inflammation results in release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, 6, 8, 10, TNF, PAF, and MIF) --> Damage to endothelium --> Exudative edema --> Dysfunctional surfactant --> ARDS What is the difference between direct and indirect causes of ARDS? - correct answer Direct causes are those that originate inside the lung Indirect causes are those that originate outside the lung What are 6 causes of direct ARDS? - correct answer Pnemonia Aspiration Drowning Trauma (penetrating lung injury) Inhalation injury Embolus (Fat) What are 6 causes of indirect ARDS? - correct answer Sepsis Bypass Drug Overdose Transfusion of blood products Severe Trauma Pancreatitis What are the 4 stages of ARDS? At what days do they occur? - correct answer Exudative -- 0-4 Proliferative -- 4-8 days Fibrotic -- > 8 days