ARRT MOCK EXAM Questions and Answers: Latest Updates 2024, Exams of Nursing

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ARRT MOCK EXAM Questions and

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Which of the following examinations require(s) special identification markers in addition to the usual patient name and number, date, and side marker?

1. IVU
2. Tomography
3. Abdominal survey - answer-1, 2, and 3 What should you do if you discover while taking the patient history that a patient scheduled for an intravenous urogram (IVU) takes Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride) daily?
4. Proceed with the examination.
5. Reschedule the examination until the patient has been off Glucophage for 48 hours.
6. Instruct the patient to withhold the Glucophage for 48 hours after the examination. - answer- 1 and 3 only An exposure was made using 300 mA, 0.04-second exposure, and 85 kVp. Each of the following changes will decrease the radiographic density by one-half except a change to - answer- 10 mAs LET is best defined as
7. a method of expressing radiation quality.

2. a measure of the rate at which radiation energy is transferred to soft tissue.
3. absorption of polyenergetic radiation.00 - answer-1, 2, and 3 A cathartic is used to - answer-stimulate defecation Examples of primary radiation barriers include
4. radiographic room walls.
5. lead aprons.
6. radiographic room floor. - answer- 1 and 3 only All of the following affect patient dose except - answer-focal spot size Which of the following would most likely result in the greatest skin dose? - answer-short SID According to the NCRP, the annual occupational whole-body dose equivalent limit is - answer-50 mSv The zygopophyseal articulations of the thoracic spine are demonstrated with the - answer-coronal plane 70° to the IR. Which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle, with the patient in the PA position? - answer-15° to 30° caudad

The presence of ionizing radiation may be detected in which of the following ways?

1. Ionizing effect on air
2. Photographic effect on film emulsion
3. Fluorescent effect on certain crystals - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following positions demonstrates all the paranasal sinuses? - answer-Lateral Which of the following cells is the least radiosensitive? - answer- Myocytes Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter results in total absorption of the incident photon? - answer-Photoelectric effect Which of the following statements regarding myelography is (are) correct?
4. Spinal puncture may be performed in the prone or flexed lateral position.
5. Contrast medium distribution is regulated through x-ray tube angulation.
6. The patient's neck must be in extension during Trendelenburg positions. - answer- 1 and 3 only

During an intravenous urogram, the RPO position is used to demonstrate the

1. left kidney parallel to the IR.
2. right kidney parallel to the IR.
3. right kidney perpendicular to the IR. - answer- 1 and 3 only Foreshortening of an anatomic structure means that - answer-it is projected on the IR smaller than its actual size. In the AP projection of an asthenic patient whose knee measures less than 19 cm from ASIS to tabletop, the central ray should be directed - answer-5° caudad Which of the following is (are) required for a lateral projection of the skull?
4. The IOML is parallel to the IR.
5. The MSP is perpendicular to the IR.
6. The CR enters 2 inches superior to the external auditory meatus (EAM). - answer- 1 only The type of isolation practiced to prevent the spread of infectious agents in aerosol form is - answer-respiratory isolation. Exposure factors of 80 kVp and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new mAs if an 8:1 grid is added? - answer- 32 mAs

Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children? - answer-Intussusception Which of the following projections of the elbow should demonstrate the coronoid process free of superimposition and the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa? - answer-Medial oblique Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation? - answer-Lateral weight-bearing Which of the following factors can contribute to hypertension?

1. Obesity
2. Smoking
3. Stress - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following contribute to the radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph?
4. Atomic number of tissues radiographed
5. Any pathologic processes
6. Degree of muscle development - answer-1, 2, and 3 All of the following have an impact on radiographic contrast, except - answer-Focal spot size

Which of the following has the greatest effect on radiographic density? - answer-SID Which of the following terms describes the amount of electric charge flowing per second? - answer-Current In which of the following projections is the talofibular joint best demonstrated? - answer-Medial oblique Which of the following can affect histogram appearance?

1. Centering accuracy
2. Positioning accuracy
3. Processing algorithm accuracy - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following conditions would require an increase in exposure factors?
4. Congestive heart failure
5. Pleural effusion
6. Emphysema - answer- 1 and 2 only Which of the following effects does an antibiotic have on the body? - answer-Combats bacterial growth When a patient with an arm injury needs help in undressing, the radiographer should - answer-remove clothing from the uninjured arm first.

An inanimate object that has been in contact with an infectious microorganism is termed a - answer-Fomite Which of the following will improve the spatial resolution of image- intensified images?

1. A very thin coating of cesium iodide on the input phosphor
2. A smaller-diameter input screen
3. Increased total brightness gain - answer- 1 and 2 only Which of the following is most likely to result from the introduction of a grid to a particular radiographic examination? - answer-Increased patient dose and increased contrast The radiographic accessory used to measure the thickness of body parts in order to determine optimum selection of exposure factors is the: - answer-caliper Which of the following are components of a trimalleolar fracture?
4. Fractured lateral malleolus
   2. Fractured medial malleolus
5. Fractured posterior tibia - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following radiation situations is potentially the most harmful? - answer-A large dose to the whole body all at one time

How are LET and biologic response related? - answer-They are directly related. The effect described as differential absorption is

1. responsible for radiographic contrast.
2. a result of attenuating characteristics of tissue.
3. minimized by the use of high kVp. - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following causes pitting, or many small surface melts, of the anode's focal track? - answer-Repeated, frequent overloading Which of the following dose-response curve characteristics represent genetic and some somatic responses to radiation?
4. Linear
5. Nonthreshold
6. Sigmoidal - answer- 1 and 2 only Which of the following systems function(s) to compensate for changing patient/part thicknesses during fluoroscopic procedures? - answer-Automatic brightness control The primary function of filtration is to reduce - answer-patient skin dose. Better resolution is obtained with - answer-high SNR

Improper spectral matching between rare earth intensifying screens and film emulsion results in - answer-insufficient density. What type of shock results from loss of blood? - answer-Hypovolemic shock Which of the following articulates with the base of the first metatarsal? - answer-First cuneiform In which of the following situations should a radiographer wear protective eye gear (goggles)?

1. When performing an upper GI radiography examination
2. When assisting the radiologist during an angiogram
3. When assisting the radiologist in a biopsy/aspiration procedure - answer- 2 and 2 only Which statement(s) would be true regarding tracheostomy patients?
4. Tracheostomy patients have difficulty speaking.
5. A routine chest x-ray requires the tracheostomy tubing to be rotated out of view.
6. Audible rattling sounds indicate a need for suction. - answer- 1 and 3 only Which of the following focal spot sizes should be employed for magnification radiography? - answer-0.2 mm

Which of the following would be the safest interval of time for a fertile woman to undergo abdominal radiography without significant concern for irradiating a recently fertilized ovum? - answer-The first 10 days following the onset of menstruation Why is a very short exposure time essential in chest radiography? - answer-To minimize involuntary motion How is SID related to exposure rate and radiographic density? - answer-As SID increases, exposure rate decreases and radiographic density decreases. Which of the following conditions must be met in order for patient consent to be valid?

1. The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedation.
2. The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure.
3. All the blanks on the consent form must be filled in before the patient signs the form. - answer- 1 and 2 only Where is the "sterile corridor" located? - answer-Between the draped patient and the instrument table Which of the following is recommended to demonstrate small amounts of air within the peritoneal cavity? - answer-Lateral decubitus, affected side down

Cells concerned with the formation and repair of bone are - answer- Osteoblasts Features of x-ray tube targets that function to determine heat capacity include the

1. rotation of the anode.
2. diameter of the anode.
3. size of the focal spot. - answer-1, 2, and 3 If 600 rad or more is received as a whole-body dose in a short period of time, certain symptoms will occur; these are referred to as - answer-acute radiation syndrome. Which acute radiation syndrome requires the largest exposure before any effects become apparent? - answer-Central Nervous System (CNS) Which of the following radiologic examinations can demonstrate ureteral reflux? - answer-Voiding cystourethrogram In digital imaging, as the size of the image matrix increases:
4. FOV increases
5. pixel size decreases
6. spatial resolution increases - answer- 2 and 3 only

The laryngeal prominence is formed by the - answer-thyroid cartilage. How many HVLs are required to reduce the intensity of a beam of monoenergetic photons to less than 10% of its original value? - answer- 4 Which of the following structures is (are) located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)?

1. Stomach
2. Spleen
3. Cecum - answer- 1 and 2 only A minimum total amount of aluminum filtration (inherent plus added) of 2.5 mm is required in equipment operated - answer-above 70 kVp. Occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from - answer-Compton Scatter You and a fellow radiographer have received an unconscious patient from a motor vehicle accident. As you perform the examination, it is important that you
4. refer to the patient by name.
5. make only those statements that you would make with a conscious patient.
6. reassure the patient about what you are doing - answer-1, 2, and 3

Which of the following contribute to the radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph?

1. Tissue density
2. Pathology
3. Muscle development - answer-1, 2, and 3 Aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the - answer-right main bronchus. The ethical principle that aspires never to, above all, do harm describes: - answer-nonmalficence The contrast media of choice for use in myelography are - answer- nonionic water-soluble. The most significant risk factor for breast cancer is: - answer-gender Which of the following is most likely to result from the introduction of a grid to a particular radiographic examination? - answer-Increased patient dose and increased contrast When radiographing young children, it is helpful to
4. let them bring a toy.
5. tell them it will not hurt.

3. be cheerful and unhurried - answer- 1 and 3 only As the CR laser scanner recognizes various tissue densities, it constructs a graphic representation of pixel value distribution called a

• answer-Histogram A grid with lead strips and aluminum interspacers that are angled to coincide with the divergence of the x-ray beam is called a: - answer- Focused grid Ipecac is a medication used to induce vomiting and is classified as a(n) - answer-Emetic The skin response to radiation exposure that appears as hair loss is known as - answer-Epilation Which of the following types of radiation is (are) considered electromagnetic?
  1. X-ray

2. Gamma
3. Beta - answer- 1 and 2 only X-ray tube life may be extended by
4. using low-mAs/high-kVp exposure factors.
5. avoiding lengthy anode rotation.
6. avoiding exposures to a cold anode. - answer-1, 2, and 3

Disadvantage(s) of using low kV technical factors include

1. insufficient penetration.
2. increased patient dose.
3. diminished latitude - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following functions is used to increase the mA? - answer-Increasing the heat of the filament The principal function of filtration in the x-ray tube is to reduce - answer-patient skin dose. Which of the following articulate(s) with the bases of the metatarsals? 1. The heads of the first row of phalanges
4. The cuboid
5. The cuneiforms - answer- 2 and 3 only Moderate hypertension can produce damage to which of the following organs?
   1. Lungs
6. Kidneys
7. Brain - answer-1, 2, and 3 To produce a just perceptible increase in radiographic density, the radiographer must increase the - answer-mAs by 30%

Which of the following patient rights is violated by discussing privileged patient information with an individual who is not involved with the patient's care?

1. The right to considerate and respectful care
2. The right to privacy
3. The right to continuity of care - answer- 2 only Capacitor discharge mobile x-ray units use capacitors to power the
4. the x-ray tube.
5. machine locomotion.
6. the braking mechanism. - answer- 1 only Examples of nasogastric tubes include
7. Swan-Ganz.
8. Salem-sump.
9. Levin. - answer- 2 and 3 only AP erect left and right bending images of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, to include 1 inch of the iliac crest, are performed to demonstrate - answer-Scoliosis According to the NCRP, the annual occupational whole-body dose equivalent limit for students under age 18 is - answer- 1 mSv

Which of the following would be the best choice for a right-shoulder examination to rule out fracture? - answer-AP and scapular Y A radiographer who discloses confidential information to unauthorized individuals could be found guilty of - answer-invasion of privacy. Which of the following is a vasopressor and may be used for an anaphylactic reaction or cardiac arrest - answer-Epinephrine In classifying intravenous (IV) contrast agents, the total number of dissolved particles in solution per kilogram of water defines - answer- osmolality Which of the following terms is correctly used to describe x-ray beam quality? - answer-HVL (Half Value Layer) For medicolegal reasons, radiographic images are required to include all the following information, except - answer-the patient's birth date. Which of the following is located at the level of the interspace between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae? - answer-Sternal angle All of the following rules regarding proper hand washing technique are correct except - answer-avoid using hand lotions whenever possible.

Inspiration and expiration projections of the chest may be performed to demonstrate

1. pneumothorax.
   2. foreign body.
2. atelectasis (partial or complete collapse of lung) - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following positions may be used to effectively demonstrate the hepatic flexure during radiographic examination of the large bowel?
3. RAO
4. LAO
5. LPO - answer- 1 and 3 only When a GI series has been requested on a patient with a suspected perforated ulcer, the type of contrast medium that should be used is - answer-water-soluble iodinated media. Which of the following conditions require(s) a decrease in technical factors?
6. Emphysema
7. Osteomalacia
8. Atelectasis - answer- 1 and 2 only

Which of the following radiologic examinations would deliver the greatest entrance skin exposure (ESE)? - answer-Abdomen The effect that differential absorption has on radiographic contrast of a high subject contrast part can be minimized by

1. using a compensating filter.
2. using high-kVp exposure factors.
3. increased collimation. - answer- 1 and 2 only A wraparound image or image aliasing occurs when: - answer- sampling occurs less than twice per cycle Radiation output from a diagnostic x-ray tube is measured in which of the following units of measurement? - answer-roentgen The x-ray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scattered radiation reaching the IR is - answer-Compton Scatter Secondary radiation barriers usually require the following thickness of shielding: - answer-1/32-inch lead Which of the following pathologic conditions require(s) a decrease in exposure factors?
4. Pneumothorax
5. Emphysema
6. Multiple myeloma - answer-1, 2, and 3

Which of the following will result if developer replenishment is inadequate? - answer-Images with excessively low contrast What is used to account for the differences in ionizing characteristics of various radiations, when determining their effect on biologic material?

1. Radiation weighting factors (Wr)
2. Tissue weighting factors (Wt)
3. Absorbed dose - answer- 1 only The late effects of radiation are considered to
4. have no threshold dose.
5. be directly related to dose.
6. occur within hours of exposure. - answer- 1 and 2 only Which of the following will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulna? - answer-Lateral Oblique Unlawful touching of a person without his or her consent is termed - answer-Battery Which of the following examinations involves the introduction of a radiopaque contrast medium through a uterine cannula? - answer- Hysterosalpingogram

Which of the following is a radiologic procedure that functions to dilate a stenotic vessel? - answer-Percutaneous angioplasty A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a(n) - answer-polyp The scapular Y projection of the shoulder demonstrates

1. an oblique projection of the shoulder.
2. anterior or posterior dislocation.
3. a lateral projection of the shoulder. - answer- 1 and 2 only The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for - answer-beta, x-, and gamma radiations. A patient developed hives several minutes after injection of an iodinated contrast agent. What type of drug should be readily available? - answer-Antihistamine Which of the following will best demonstrate the size and shape of the liver and kidneys? - answer-AP Abdomen Which of the following groups of exposure factors would be most effective in eliminating prominent pulmonary vascular markings in an RAO position of the sternum? - answer- 25 mA, 7/10 second, 70 kVp

Which of the following is (are) possible long-term somatic effects of radiation exposure?

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Carcinogenesis
3. Leukemia - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following sinus groups is demonstrated with the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method) and the central ray directed through the patient's open mouth? - answer- Sphenoidal Which of the following is the factor of choice for the regulation of radiographic (optical) density? - answer-mAs As the x-ray tube filament ages, it becomes progressively thinner because of evaporation. The vaporized tungsten is frequently deposited on the window of the glass envelope. This may
4. act as an additional filter.
5. reduce tube output.
6. result in arcing and tube puncture. - answer-1, 2, and 3 In an effort to display the pixels for the area of interest when exposure is greater or less than what is needed to produce an image, occurs. - answer-Automatic Rescaling The purpose of filters in a film badge is - answer-to measure radiation quality

A universally accepted standard for exchanging medical imaging via a networked set of display workstations, archive, and imaging modalities is: - answer-DICOM If the radiographer is unable to achieve a short OID because of the structure of the body part or patient condition, which of the following adjustments can be made to minimize magnification distortion? - answer-A longer SID should be used To best visualize the lower ribs, the exposure should be made - answer-on expiration The plane that passes vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior halves, is termed the - answer-midcoronal plane Extravasation occurs when - answer-contrast medium is injected into surrounding tissue Which of the following is (are) features of fluoroscopic equipment that are designed especially to eliminate unnecessary radiation to patient and personnel?

1. Protective curtain
2. Filtration
3. Collimation - answer-1, 2, and 3

Acceptable method(s) of minimizing motion unsharpness is (are)

1. suspended respiration.
2. short exposure time.
3. patient instruction - answer-1, 2, and 3 Components of digital imaging include
4. computer manipulation of the image.
5. formation of an electronic image on the radiation detector.
6. formation of an x-ray image directly on the image receptor. - answer- 1 and 2 only If the radiographer performed a lumbar spine examination on a patient who was supposed to have an elbow examination, which of the following charges may be brought against the radiographer? - answer-Battery Which of the following projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation? - answer-PA oblique scapular Y The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is the - answer-Carina Image quality in digital fluoroscopy is influenced by
7. pixel size.
8. contrast.

3. noise. - answer-1, 2, and 3 Which of the following statements are true regarding the proper care of a patient with a tracheostomy?
4. Employ sterile technique if you must touch a tracheostomy for any reason.
5. Before you suction a tracheostomy, the patient should be well aerated.
6. Never suction for longer than 15 seconds, permitting the patient to rest in between. - answer-1, 2, and 3 When the erect position is requested as part of an IVU, it is used to demonstrate - answer-kidney mobility. Which of the following skull positions will demonstrate the cranial base, sphenoidal sinuses, atlas, and odontoid process? - answer- Submentovertical (SMV) Although the stated focal spot size is measured directly under the actual focal spot, focal spot size in fact varies along the length of the x-ray beam. At which portion of the x-ray beam is the effective focal spot the largest? - answer-At the cathode end Which ethical principle is related to the theory that patients have the right to decide what will or will not be done to them? - answer- Autonomy