ARRT Practice Exam Questions & Answers., Exams of Laboratory Practices and Management

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ARRT Practice Exam Questions & Answers.

What radiographic procedure must you use sterile gloves for touching items on the tray?

• ANS Milgram Written defamation of character is known as? - ANS Libel Which drug would you administer when a patient develops urticarial? - ANS Antihistamine What is another name for hives? - ANS Urticarial A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. - ANS Hive Or Urticarial Transmission of an infection by insects such as a tick or mosquito is known as a? - ANS Vector When an object is free of all microorganisms it is termed? - ANS Sterile Why is the IV bag 18 to 20 inches above the level of the vein? - ANS to prevent the backflow of blood into the tubing which forms a clot and obstructs the flow of the IV fluid An inanimate object that is been in contact with an infectious organism is a? - ANS Fomite A specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. - ANS Contraindication The main advantage of using non-ionic water-soluble contrast media on the patient would be? - ANS Fewer adverse reactions What type of radiographic procedure requires an intrathecal injection? - ANS Myelogram ______ is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal - ANS intrathecal Which gauge size has the biggest lumen? - ANS The smallest number gauge has the biggest lumen

If the CR is angled 40° Cephalic what projection of the calcareous so calcis are you taking? - ANS Plantodorsal Projection In the thoracic cavity each lung is enclosed in a? - ANS Pleura Which projection of the foot will best demonstrate the long arch? - ANS Lateralmedial erect or weight-bearing In the AP axial projection Townes of the skull with the CR directed 30° caudal to the OML and passing midway between the EAM which structures best demonstrated? - ANS Occipital Bone not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans. objects like stones showing no sign of life; lifeless. - ANS inanimate An imaging examination that involves the introduction of a spinal needle into the spinal canal and the injection of contrast material in the space around the spinal cord and nerve roots (the subarachnoid space) using a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy.

• ANS Myelogram The best way to control voluntary motion is? - ANS Careful explanation of the procedure to the patient What is demonstrated on the oblique position of the cervical spine? - ANS Intervertebral foramina In relation to the Esophagus the trachea is located where? - ANS The trachea is anterior in relation to the esophagus Which position will demonstrate the right axillary ribs? - ANS RPO Or LAO The manubrial notch is located at the level of? - ANS T2-t3 interspace Which projection of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibio fibular joint? - ANS Medial oblique 45° What is the position of the gallbladder in a Asthenic patient? - ANS Inferior and medial

The true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles? - ANS Interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR MSP parallel to the IR IOML parallel to the IR During myelography a contrast medium is injected into which space? - ANS Subarachnoid space Which position of the elbow will separate the radial head neck and tuberosity from the superimposition of the ulna? - ANS Lateral or external oblique With the patient in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR where will the Petrous pyramids be demonstrated within the orbits? - ANS Completely within the orbits The sternoclavicular joint is best demonstrated with the patient PA and? - ANS A slightly oblique position with the affected side adjacent to the IR. RAO What position will demonstrate the patients left kidney parallel to the IR and the right kidney perpendicular to the IR? - ANS 30 degrees RPO or LAO Which position will demonstrate the lumbar intervertebral foramina? - ANS Lateral Which position will demonstrate the apophyseal joints closest to the IR? - ANS RPO (right) LPO (left) How should a patient be examined for separation of the AC joint? - ANS Erect position with use of weights to improve demonstration of both joints The coronoid process can be visualized in profile in what position of the elbow? - ANS Both medial and internal AP oblique If the lesser tubercle is in profile for the AP shoulder joint the humorus is in which rotation? - ANS Internal If the greater tubercle is in profile then the humorous is in which rotation? - ANS External What type of fracture is it called when a bone is driven into another bone? - ANS Impacted No grid (Times mAs by...) - ANS 1

5:

(Times mAs by...) - ANS 2 6:1 - ANS 3 8:1 - ANS 4 Most commonly used 12:1 - ANS 5 16:1 - ANS 6 Density Maintenance Formula - ANS mAs1 = D1 squared mAs2 D2 squared Inverse square law - ANS I1= D2 squared I2 D1 squared What is the establish fetal does limit guideline for pregnant radiograph's during the entire gestation period? - ANS 0.5 rem 5 mSv 500mrem What should you use if you have to restrain a child or infant in order to perform a procedure? - ANS Restraining them with the use of a mechanical device if you cannot use a mechanical device have the patients father hold the child According to the NCRP the annual occupational full body does equipment limit is? - ANS 5 rem 50 mSv 5000mrem How will the x-ray photons intensity be affected if the SID is doubled? - ANS The intensity of the beam will decrease four times this is known as the inverse square law If the patient received 2000 MRAD during a 10 minute fluoro exam how much exposure will the patient recieve in five-minutes? - ANS 1000 Mrad which is half of what they received in 10 minutes

The photo electric effect is an interaction between x-ray photons and... - ANS And inner shell electron What is recommended for the pregnant radiographer to use as far as the dosimeter badge? - ANS Wear one dosimeter badge outside the lead apron at the collar level and one dosimeter badge inside the lead apron at the level of the waist so A total of two badges are worn and these badges position should never be interchanged What is likely to occur if 25 Rad is delivered to fetus in early pregnancy? - ANS Spontaneous abortion will occur if 25 rad were to be delivered to fetus during the second through the 10th week skeletal abnormalities may appear How does filtration affect the primary beam? - ANS It increases the average energy of the primary beam by filtering out the low-energy photons The unit of measurement used to express occupational exposure is the? - ANS REM (seivert) The unit of absorbed dose is? - ANS Rad (gray) Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which condition? - ANS Oxygenated The reduction in the intensity of the x-ray beam as it passes through a material is termed? - ANS Attenuation The largest amount of diagnostic x-ray absorption occurs in which tissue? - ANS Bone since it is the most dense tissue The effects of radiation on biological material are dependent on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time the fact will be? - ANS The effect will be less than if it were delivered all at one time for a short period of time What interaction contributes most to occupational exposure? - ANS Compton Scatter What factors affect both the quality and the quantity of the primary been? - ANS Half value layer (hvl) KV The unit of exposure in air is? - ANS Roentgen (C/kg)

How often should lead aprons and lead gloves be check for cracks? - ANS Annually or once a year by the fluoroscope Which radiation monitors function on the basis of stimulated luminescence? - ANS 0SL and TLD What is the single most important scattering object in both radiography in Fluoroscopy?

• ANS The patient A group of exposure factors are given which one will deliver the least amount of exposure? - ANS Highest KVp with lowest mass will give the least or safest amount The purpose of filters in a film badge is? - ANS To measure radiation quality Compton scatter occurs when a high-energy incident electron ejects what? - ANS An outer shell electron When a fast screen film system is used with the slow screen film automatic system the resulting images are? - ANS Too dark or overexposed A change to 3 phase and 6 pulse = ____ (original mAs) - ANS 2/ A change to 3 phase and 12 pulse = ____ (original mAs) - ANS 1/ What does a penetimeter evaluate? - ANS Penumbra Edge blur - ANS Penumbra Field of view (FoV)/ matrix = - ANS Pixel Size As matrix size increases pixel size - ANS Decreases mAs controls - ANS Density KVP controls - ANS Contrast Windowing - ANS Changing image brightness Contrast Scale A star pattern tests what? - ANS Focal spot size In three phase equipment half of the expected arc is a sign of? - ANS Rectifier failure For three-phase equipment a synchronous spinning top test is used to check? - ANS Rectifier function and test timer accuracy

In a three phase equipment full-wave rectified current should have a____degree arc per second - ANS 360 A gentle curve usually has___speed,____contrast, and___latitude. - ANS Slow Low Wide Hypovolemic - ANS Shock caused by lack of blood The conversion of the latent image into a manifested image takes place in the? - ANS Developer Decreasing film size from 14 x 17 to 8 x 10" will do what? - ANS Decrease radiographic density and decrease the amount of scatter A group of exposure factors are given consisting of MA and time. Which will produce the greatest radiographic density? - ANS Multiply all factors the highest mas will produce the highest density High mass equals high ______ - ANS Density The process of leveling and windowing of digital images determines? - ANS Contrast adjusting the level adjusts the optical density and adjusting the window adjust the contrast Exposure factors are given of KVP and mas using a non-grid exposure. How much mass would you be used if you use the 8 to 1 grid? - ANS The grid conversion factor of the 8 to 1 is four so you would multiply your mass using a non-grid exposure by four Unopened boxes of radiographic film should be stored away from radiation and... - ANS In the vertical position or on the end To be suitable for use in intensifying screen a phosphor should have what characteristic? - ANS High conversion efficiency, High x-ray absorption and a high atomic number The purpose of the automatic processors circulation system is too? - ANS Agitate, mix and filter solutions The height of the lead strips divided by the width of the interspace material is defined as? - ANS Grid ratio When going from a lower kVP to a higher kvp what will happen? - ANS You will have greater exposure latitude produce a longer scale of contrast and produce more scatter

Misalignment of the tube part IR relationship results in? - ANS Shape distortion elongation occurs from angling of the tube Foreshortening occurs from angling of the part What has an effect on recorded detail? - ANS SID is directly proportional Increasing SID will decrease magnification and increase recorded detail. A decrease in SID will do what to magnification? Do what to recorded detail? - ANS Increase magnification Decrease recorded detail Increasing SID will______magnification and_____recorded detail. - ANS Decrease Increase A smaller focal spot size will____recorded detail since the focal spot blur is smaller? - ANS Increase A larger focal spot size will____recorded details since greater blur is produced - ANS Decrease Density (brightness) is controlled by

2. • ANS 1. The number of the exit (remnant) rays sticking the IR

3. Window leveling What controls the number of electrons passing from the cathode to the anode an x-ray tube? - ANS Mas What controls the quantity of the x-rays produced at the anode? - ANS Mas Quantity - ANS Mas Quality - ANS Kvp What controls the amount of radiation exiting the x-ray tube? - ANS Mas As mas is increased density is____in the same amount - ANS Increased As mas is decreased density_____in the same amount - ANS Decreases

What directly controls the energy or quality of the x-rays produced? - ANS Kvp As KVP _____, a greater potential difference exists between the cathode in the anode - ANS Increases As the_____ __________increases, the electrons from the cathode strike the anode in greater numbers and with greater energy - ANS Potential difference As a Kvp increases a greater potential difference excists which results in an increase level of production of___wavelength and high-energy radiation - ANS Short KVP's affect on density is governed by what? - ANS 15% rule A increases in KVp of 15% ___ density - ANS Doubles A decrease in KVp by 15% _____ density - ANS 1/2s Intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor - ANS Inverse square law Intensity is measured in - ANS Roentgens Or coulombs/kilogram (SI) Radiographic density is a function of what? - ANS Beam intensity Beam intensity is governed by the? - ANS Inverse square law The inverse square law describes changes in____ ______ - ANS Beam intensity (and radiographic density which is a function of being intensity) If the SID is doubled intensity (density).... - ANS Decreases four times If distance is halved, intensity (density) ... - ANS Increase four times Variations in intensity is the result of the____of the x-ray beam as it travels through space - ANS Divergence Different atomic number Same numbers of neutrons - ANS Isotones

Same element Same atomic number Different mass - ANS Isotope Different atomic number Same mass - ANS Isobar During the first part of the first term of a pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? - ANS Skeletal During the second part of the first term of pregnancy what type of abnormalities occur? - ANS Neurologic General diagnostic exams deliver a fetal dose less than _- RAD - ANS 1- Late effects Malignancy Leukemia Genetic effects - ANS Stochastic effects Stochastic effects have a ______, _______ Dose- response curve - ANS Linear, non-threshold Max leakage radiation - ANS 100 Mr/h at 1m As OFD increases - ANS Resolution Quality Decreases As FFS increases - ANS Resolution Quality Decreases A proportional increase in SID and OiD - ANS No change in resolution Higher sampling frequencies - ANS Aliasing artifacts are more obvious Lower sampling frequencies aliasing artifacts... - ANS .. are less obvious Moire effect - ANS Aliasing artifact Occurs when using stationary grids

When SID is increased the recorded detail is? - ANS Increased Best recorded detail when using a ______ SID - ANS Long There is a _____ relationship between recorded detail and SID - ANS Direct A image plate front material - ANS Carbon fiber Interspace materials of a grid - ANS Alumunium Plastic fiber As matrix size increases pixel size ______ - ANS Decreases Pixel size is ________ related to resolution - ANS Inversely Dynamic range = - ANS Pixel depth/ shades of gray More bits = ____ shades of gray - ANS More Pix depth is _____ to resolution - ANS Unrelated A increase in matrix size results in..... - ANS smaller pixels Improved resolution What does aluminum filtration remove? - ANS Low-energy photons A decrease in the number of photons= - ANS A decrease in beam intensity If low energy photons are removed the average energy of the beam is... - ANS Increased True or False Even with filtration the max energy of the beam remains unchanged unless KV is changed - ANS True Pus in the thoracic cavity - ANS Empyema Over distentions of air in the alveoli - ANS Emphysema Congential Clubfoot - ANS Talipes Deformed talus

shortened Achilles' tendon In which view is the OML at a 37° angle? - ANS Waters In which view are the petrous ridges projected below the maxillary sinuses? - ANS Waters When are the petrous ridges below the orbits? - ANS Caldwell at 30 degrees caudad When are the petrous ridges in the bottom one thirds of the orbits? - ANS PA caldwell 15 degrees caudad When do the petrous ridges fill the orbits? - ANS PA view Where is the degree difference of the OML and the IOML for a baby or small child? - ANS 14 degrees What is the degree difference between the OML and IOML for an adult? - ANS 7 degrees Glossitis - ANS Inflammation of the tongue 1 sec - ANS 1000ms Smallest carpal - ANS Pisiform Most palpable carpal - ANS Pisiform In which position is the pisiform free from superimposition? - ANS AP medial oblique Processes of the scapula? - ANS Coracoid Acromion Elimination of all living microorganisms - ANS Sterilization The frontal sinuses and ethmoidal are best used in the... - ANS Pa axial caldwell The sphenoid sinus is best viewed in the... - ANS Open mouth waters The maxillary sinuses are best viewed in the .... - ANS Waters In which view is the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process projected through the Foramina Magnum? - ANS Townes CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as PSP..... - ANS Crystal size decreases

CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as ... - ANS Matrix size increases In electronic imaging brightness/density changes with changes in... - ANS Window level In electronic imaging contrast changes with changes in... - ANS Window width Electronic imaging there is a___dynamic range - ANS Wide In electronic Imaging there is a greater... - ANS Exposure latitude In electronic imaging mas and KV do not regulate .... - ANS density/brightness and contrast In electronic imaging IP's are very... - ANS Sensitive to fog When a CR artifact appears such as image fading what is the cause? - ANS Delay in processing When a CR artifacts such as fog appears what is the cause? - ANS Exposure to scattered radiation When a large field of view is used the image is___and requires___exposure - ANS Brighter Less When a small field of view is used that image is___bright and requires___exposure - ANS Less More CR spatial frequency/resolution increases as laser... - ANS Beam size decreases A grid results in ....... 1 2 3 - ANS Less scatter fog Fewer gray tones Increase in contrast Beam restriction = - ANS A decrease in Compton interations Contrast decreases as filtration ____ - ANS Increases Anatomy/pathology = ________ ______ - ANS Subject contrast

What controls contrast? - ANS Atomic number Tissue density Tissue thickness Contrast agents Atomic number effects on contrast - ANS Increase in atomic number = increase in contrast Tissue density and thickness effects on contrasts - ANS Increase in tissue density or thickness = decrease in contrast Contrast agents equal a..... - ANS Increase in contrast Increase in contrast = - ANS Fewer gray tones Short scale contrast Low KVp Decrease in contrast = - ANS Many shades of gray Long scale contrast Increase in KVp Controls X-ray beam energy - ANS Kvp Grids increase ____ - ANS Contrast Beam restriction increases ____ - ANS Contrast Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the cardiac sphincter - ANS Hiatal Hernia When the Tube is directed 15degrees caudal the petrous pyramids will fill.... - ANS The bottom 1/3rd of the orbits Where is the most accurate spot to find a pulse? - ANS apical which is at the apex of the heart Found with a stethoscope Where is the most common place to find a pulse? - ANS Radial pulse Bradycardia - ANS Slow heart rate Tachycardia - ANS Rapid heart rate Chonr- - ANS Cartilge

Thyroid Skin Extremities Occupational Dose Equivalent Limit - ANS 50 Rem 500 mSv 5000 mRem 50 Rem = _______ mRem and mSv - ANS 5000mRem 500 mSv Occupational dose equivalent for the lens of the eye? - ANS 150 mSv Occupational dose equivalent for the pregnant women's fetus/embryo? - ANS 5 mSv A higher ratio grid = ______ grays - ANS Fewer Whole body occupational dose equivalent? - ANS 5 Rem 50 mSv Percentage of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall - ANS Use factor Achalasia - ANS Dilation of the esophagus The cardiac sphincters failure to relax and allow food to pass A low energy x-Ray photon uses all of its energy to eject an inner-shell electron - ANS Photoelectric effect Loss of brightness = _____ FOV - ANS Decreased RAD - ANS Radiation absorbed dose Unit of exposure measures quantity of ionization in the air - ANS Roentgen Dose to the biological tissue - ANS rem Rate at which particulate or photon energy is transferred to the absorber - ANS LET Measures quality of radiation - ANS LET

Hair losss - ANS Epilation Tissue without O2 - ANS Anoxic Tissue with little o2 - ANS Hypoxic Intensity = - ANS Quantity The thicker portion should be under the ______ - ANS Cathode side The upper part of the lateral T spine should be under what? - ANS The cathode side When is the anode heal effect more pronounced? - ANS Large IR with a short SID Because the anode has a steep target angle A high S number - ANS Underexposure A high Ei number - ANS Overexposure Strep throat is a____ - ANS Bacteria Most of the primary beam is made up of_____ - ANS brems Radiation An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy - ANS Brems radiation production An x-ray to the inner target needs to have a____ ______ number and a____ ______ point - ANS High atomic High melting True or false the cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages - ANS True High scale contrast = - ANS Short scale contrast CRs use ____ while DRs do not - ANS IPs The term_____is used to describe how much of the patient is included in the matrix - ANS FOV What permits the flow of current in only One Direction? - ANS A rectifier

Interaction with low energy photons - ANS Compton scatter Which is the source of most scattered radiation? - ANS Patient When is more high energy photons produced? - ANS High kvp Quality - ANS Kvp Quantity - ANS MA 50 rem = _____ msv - ANS 500 The punch/penetrability - ANS Kvp High mAs ____ number of photons produced - ANS High ....is unrelated to photon energy ____ mas _____ kVP Keeps radiation dose to a minimum Tube life is extended - ANS Low mAs high kvp LET - ANS Linear Energy Transfer The rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to the soft tissue - ANS LET Leakage radiation is a form of ________ radiation - ANS Secondary The _________ radiation barrier has a _____ inch lead wall above _____feet. - ANS Secondary 1/ 7 True or false Secondary barriers should never be struck by the useful beam - ANS True

True or false Primary barriers can be struck by the primary beam - ANS True Primary protective barriers are ______ feet tall and should have _____inch thick lead - ANS 7 1/16 (1.5mm) The dose to the lens is significantly reduced if a skull is shot ____ - ANS PA NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit - ANS 50 mSV 5rem 5000mrem NCRP annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit for a student under the age of 18 - ANS 1mSV 100mrem. 0.1rem NCRP Lens of eye limit - ANS 150 mSV 15 rem NCRP Thyroid, skin and extremities limit - ANS 500 mSV. 50 rem ______ ______ describes the % of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall - ANS Use Factor Total gestational dose-equivalent limit Embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer - ANS No greater than 0.5 mSV/1 month 5 mSV 500 mrem Hair loss - ANS Epilation If the line begins at zero, there is ______ ______ - ANS No threshold Redding of irradiated skin area - ANS Erythema Number of X-ray exposures made per week - ANS Workload Immediate Radiation Reading Device - ANS Pocket Dosimeter/pocket ionization chamber

What is the minimum lead amount for the fluoro drape? - ANS 0.25 mmPb Atoms of the same element but different mass number - ANS Isotopes Same atomic number and mass number - ANS Isomers Milliamperage is directly proportional to X-ray _______ - ANS Intensity Isotones - ANS Same neutron amount but different atomic number