AST Practice Exam 4 Questions With Complete Solutions, Exams of Nursing

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AST Practice Exam 4 Questions With

Complete Solutions

A clamp used for occluding a peripheral vessel is: A. Duval B. Allen C. Kocher D. DeBakey Correct Answers DeBakey a hernia that presents through Hesselbachs triangle is a/an Correct Answers Direct A left subcostal incision would be used to expose the: A. Descending colon B. Spleen C. Ovary D. Gallbladder Correct Answers Spleen A patient that has sudden onset of shortness of breath in the PACU may indicate: A. Hypotension B. Pulmonary embolism C. Air embolism D. Asthma attack Correct Answers Pulmonary embolism A postoperative anesthesia complication when extubating a patient is: A. Allergic reaction B. Laryngospasm C. Hemorrhage

D. Malignant hypothermia Correct Answers Laryngospasm A tumescent solution is used in which of the following procedures? A. Breast augmentation B. Scar revision C. Collagen injection D. Suction lipectomy Correct Answers Suction lipectomy A ventilation system that provides a unidirectional positive- pressure air flow at a high air exchange rate in the OR is: A. Central air B. Filtered air conditioning C. Conventional air system D. Laminar air flow Correct Answers Laminar air flow A wrapped instrument set that will be run in the steam prevacuum sterilizer at 270 degrees must be sterilized for a minimum of how long? A. 6 minutes B. 2 minutes C. 8 minutes D. 4 minutes Correct Answers 4 minutes After the patient is extubated, which device is often used to maintain the airway around the relaxed tongue? A. Laryngoscope B. Oropharyngeal airway C. Stylet D. Laryngeal mask airway Correct Answers Oropharyngeal airway

After the patient leaves the OR, the reusable items should be taken to the decontamination room: A. By covering instrument ray with bag and carry B. Carried in a basin soaking in enzymatic solution C. On the shelf of the sterilization cart D. Inside a closed case cart Correct Answers Inside a closed case cart An abnormal bending backward of the uterus is called: A. Cephalic version B. Anteversion C. Retroperitoneal D. Retroflexion Correct Answers Retroflexion An emergency drug given to stabilize ventricular fibrillation is: A. Anectine B. Isoproterenol C. Vasopressin D. Nitroglycerine Correct Answers Isoproterenol Catabolism of fats produce: A. Ketone bodies B. Glycogen C. Amino acids D. Bile Correct Answers Ketone bodies Creating a positive-pressure air supply for each OR will: A. Prevents fires during laser surgery B. Maintain a stable relative humidity C. Minimize airborne bacteria entering room

D. Reduce external noise and conversations Correct Answers Minimize airborne bacteria entering room During a total hip arthroplasty, which instrument is used after intramedullary reaming to reshape the proximal femoral canal? A. Rongeur B. Curette C. Brush D. Rasp Correct Answers Rasp During a total hip arthroplasty, which type of device prevents polymethyl methacrylate from filling the medullary canal distal to the prosthesis? A. Stem B. Restrictor C. Brush D. Wick Correct Answers Restrictor During an EtO sterilization cycle, humidity is maintained at what? A. 50-90% B. 80-100% C. 20-80% D. 10-25% Correct Answers 20-80% During which procedure would the instrument shown below be used? A. Pancreatectomy B. Gastrectomy C. Splenectomy D. Cholecystecomy Correct Answers Cholecystectomy

Elevated IOP in a glaucoma patient is a result of excess: A. Vitreous humor B. Aqueous humor C. CSF D. RBC Correct Answers Aqueous humor Exophthalmos due to Grave's disease is associated with which gland? A. Parotid B. Thyroid C. Pituitary D. Thymus Correct Answers Thyroid For which surgical procedure would bupivicaine with epinephrine be contraindicated? A. Subacromal decompression B. Total joint arthroplasty C. Knee arthroscopy D. Trigger finger release Correct Answers Trigger finger release From which laminectomy instrument would intervertebral disc fragments be cleaned? A. Penfield B. Langenbeck C. Pituitary D. Taylor Correct Answers Pituitary Gerota's fascia is located: A. Around the kidney

B. Within the kidney C. Within the bladder D. Around the bladder Correct Answers around the kidney Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) are most commonly associated with which of the following? A. Prolonged bed rest B. Use of urinary catheter C. Surgical site contamination D. Prescribed antibiotic therapy Correct Answers Use of urinary catheter How are femoral shaft fractures in an adult repaired? A. Hemiarthroplasty B. Kirschner wires C. Closed reduction D. Intramedullary nailing Correct Answers Intramedullary nailing How is the informed consent signed if a patient is illiterate? A. Two physicians sign consent B. Surgeon signs consent C. Verbal consent of patient D. Patient marks an "X" Correct Answers Patient marks with an "x" How often is a medication prescribed as QID to be taken per day? Correct Answers 4 times a day If a sterile glove becomes contaminated during a procedure, what action should the surgical technologist take? Correct

Answers Circulator pulls off glove; surgical technologist is regloved by another sterile team member In large abdominal wounds that require frequent dressing changes, which of the following will minimize the skin break- down? A. Steri-strips B. Petrolatum gauze C. Liquid collodion D. Montgomery straps Correct Answers Montgomery straps In order to minimize mucosal irritation during urinary catheterization, the tip of the catheter is dipped in which of the following? A. Vaseline B. K-Y jelly C. Chlorhexidine D. Sterile saline Correct Answers K-Y jelly In the prone position, patients are placed on chest rolls to prevent: A. Decubitus ulcers B. Lumbar strain C. Compromised ventilation D. Foot drop Correct Answers Compromised ventilation In what anatomical structure would a T-tube most likely be placed? A. Urethra B. Ureter C. Common bile duct

D. Lacrimal duct Correct Answers Common bile duct In which of the following procedures would a tourniquet be unnecessary? A. Hip arthroplasty B. Knee arthroplasty C. Ankle fracture D. ORIF radius Correct Answers Hip arthroplasty In which of the following procedures would the surgeon check for anastomotic leaks by injecting air into the rectum, looking for bubbles in the fluid-filled peritoneal cavity? A. Low anterior resection B. Nissen fundoplication C. Subtotal gastrectomy D. Roux-en-Y anastomosis Correct Answers Low anterior resection Intraoperatively, lidocaine with epinephrine may be contraindicated in patients who are: A. Immunocompromised B. Hypertensive C. Dehydrated D. Diabetic Correct Answers Hypertensive Isopropyl alcohol is bactericidal, which means it: A. Inhibits the growth of bacteria B. Sterilizes surfaces C. Destroys spores D. Kills bacteria Correct Answers Kills bacteria

Lesions in which part of the brain may affect balance and coordination? A. Limbic system B. Cerebral cortex C. Cerebellum D. Medulla Correct Answers Cerebellum One of the most effective germicidals for cold sterilization is: A. 2% glutaraldehyde B. Alcohol C. Hexachlorophene D. Betadine Correct Answers 2% glutaraldehyde Pneumoperitoneum is utilized during a laparoscopy to do what? A. Illuminate cavity B. Prevent embolism C. Create safe working space D. Reduce blood pressure Correct Answers Create safe working space Sound waves travel through the external auditory canal and strike the: A. Tympanic membrane B. Auricle C. Oval window D. Ossicle Correct Answers Tympanic membrane The agent used to expand blood plasma volume is: A. Diprivan B. Duramorph C. Demerol

D. Dextran Correct Answers Dextran The appropriate location when placing the grounding pad is over a: Correct Answers Fleshy area The ciliary body is part of which layer of the eye? A. Lens B. Fibrous C. Nervous D. Vascular Correct Answers Vascular The four fluid-filled spaces of the brain are: A. Fissures B. Auricles C. Ventricles D. Sulci Correct Answers Ventricles The functional unit of the kidney responsible for removing waste and regulating fluid is the: A. Cortex B. Renal pelvis C. Medulla D. Nephron Correct Answers Nephron The Harrington retractor allows for gentle elevation of which anatomical structure? A. Stomach B. Heart C. Liver D. Bladder Correct Answers Liver

The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the: A. Brachiocephalic B. Coronary C. Subclavian D. Axillary Correct Answers Subclavian The large, leaf-shaped laryngeal cartilage that acts as a trap door over the larynx is the: Correct Answers Epiglottis The medical malleolus is part of which bone? A. Tibia B. Talus C. Calcaneous D. Fibula Correct Answers Tibia The muscles that cause strabismus are the: A. Orbicularis oculi B. Ciliary C. Tarsal plates D. Extrinsic Correct Answers Extrinsic The patient is never positioned until the: Correct Answers Anesthesia provider gives permission The preoperative exsanguination of an extremity prior to inflating a tourniquet is accomplished with: Correct Answers Esmarch The process by which glucose is stored as glycogen is: A. Glucolysis

B. Glycolysis C. Glycogenesis D. Gluconeogenesis Correct Answers Glycogenesis The surgical reanastomosis of the vas deferens is called a? A. Vasovasotomy B. Spermatocelectomy C. Cystostomy D. Varicocelectomy Correct Answers Vasovasotomy The sutures of the adult skull are examples of: A. Synarthroses B. Synchondroses C. Syndesmoses D. Symphyses Correct Answers Synarthroses The term mentoplasty refers to surgery of the: Correct Answers chin The Trendelenburg position is often used for surgery on the: A. Head and neck B. Lower abdomen and pelvis C. Lower back and hips D. Knee or thigh Correct Answers Lower abdomen and pelvis The walls of the vagina are lined with: Correct Answers mucosa To determine the process for preparing surgical instruments for use on tissue and within a body cavity, they are classified as: A. Critical

B. Semicritical C. Controlled D. Noncritical Correct Answers Critical Use of a one-step applicator with little or no pressure on skin would be indicated in which of the following conditions? A. Pleural effusion B. Herniated lumbar disc C. Abdominal aortic aneurysm D. Cholecystitis with cholelithiasis Correct Answers Abdominal aortic aneurysm Use of Van Buren sounds might be necessary for urethral catheterization in patients with which of the following? A. Ureteral calculi B. Urethral calculi C. Ureteral stricture D. Urethral stricture Correct Answers Urethral stricture Vitamins A, D, E, and K are absorbed in the: A. Stomach B. Intestine C. Pancreas D. Liver Correct Answers intestine What activity can aggravate the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia? A. Typing B. Walking C. Chewing D. Sitting Correct Answers Chewing

What approach is used for the removal of a small acoustic neuroma that is located in the internal auditory canal? A. Suboccipital B. Middle fossa C. Translabyrinthine D. Posterior fossa Correct Answers Middle fossa What are varicosities of the rectum and anus? A. Hemorrhoids B. Polyps C. Fissures D. Sinuses Correct Answers Hemorrhoids What does hypertension mean? Correct Answers high blood pressure What does the term 'Os' mean? A. Bone B. Opening C. Occlusion D. Right Correct Answers Opening What does the term chole/ refer ti? Correct Answers Bile What does the term dys- mean? A. Proximal B. Distal C. Difficult D. Easy Correct Answers Difficult

What drug classification is Demerol? A. Dilator B. Analgesic C. Sedative D. Vasoconstrictor Correct Answers Analgesic What drug is used to treat hypotension and shock? A. Pronestyl B. Inderal C. Dantrolene D. Levophed Correct Answers Levophed What gynecologic procedure includes removal of the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum? A. Posterior colporrhaphy B. Total hysterectomy C. Abdominoperineal resection D. Pelvic exenteration Correct Answers Pelvic exenteration What is done to the common bile duct during a choledochojejunostomy? A. Excised B. Visualized C. Anastomosed D. Bypass Correct Answers Anastomosed What is performed prior to implantation of a Dacron knit polyester graft? Correct Answers Preclotting What is the chemical abbreviation for sodium chloride? Correct Answers NaCl

What is the correct procedure to follow when a sterilized rigid instrument container is opened and condensation is observed? A. Don't use; return to sterile processing department B. Let container air dry before use C. Dry out with a sterile towel before using D. Use it; water droplets are sterile Correct Answers Don't use; return to sterile processing department What is the first federal act to establish patient privacy standards? A. Health insurance portability and accountability act B. Patient protection and affordable care act C. Patient care partnership D. Safe medical device act Correct Answers Health insurance portability and accountability act What is the importance of humidity when using EtO sterilization? A. Remove chlorofluorocarbons B. Hydrate spores and bacteria C. Reduce flammability of gas D. Prevent instruments from drying Correct Answers Hydrates spores and bacteria What is the major side effect of thrombolytics? A. Infection B. Hemorrhage C. Nausea D. Clotting Correct Answers Hemorrhage

What is the minimum required number of people to transfer a patient from the OR table to the stretcher? Correct Answers 4 What is the most commonly used thermal method of hemostasis in cranial neurosurgery? A. Cryosurgery B. Bipolar electrosurgery C. Monopolar electrocautery D. Hypothermia Correct Answers Bipolar electrosurgery What is the name of the suction tip that comes in instrument pans Correct Answers Frazier What is the part of the brain that is responsible for controlling body temperature? A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Cerebrum D. Hypothalamus Correct Answers Hypothalamus What is the principal reason for performing a preoperative skin prep? A. Provide a visible demarcation of prepped borders B. Degrease the skin so that incise drapes will adhere C. Sterilize the skin to prevent surgical site infection D. Remove transient flora and reduce resident flora Correct Answers Remove transient flora and reduce resident flora What is the proper procedure for turning the sterile gown? A. Circulator removes tag from gown; ST turns B. Hand tag to circulator; ST and circulator turn

C. Hand tag to circulator; circulator moves around gown D. ST hold tag and turns self Correct Answers Hand tag to circulator; circulator moves around gown What is the purpose of maintaining 20% to 60% relative humidity in the OR? Correct Answers Decrease static electricity What is the purpose of polymethyl methacrylate during a cranioplasty? A. Reducing vascular spasm B. Filling cranial defects C. Adhesive skin closure D. Subarachnoid space dye Correct Answers Filling cranial defects What is the required pressure for a steam sterilizer set at a temperature of 250 degrees F? A. 24- B. 21- C. 18- D. 15-17 Correct Answers 15- What is the technical term for robotic arms? A. Manipulator B. Telechir C. Articulated D. Resolution Correct Answers Manipulator What is the term for the division of a reproductive cell into two cells with chromosomes cells? Correct Answers Meiosis

What is used to retract the spermatic cord during an inguinal herniorrhaphy? A. Skin hook B. Penrose drain C. Vessel loops D. Umbilical tapes Correct Answers Penrose drain What method is used to confirm that items have been exposed to the sterilization process, but sterility is not guaranteed? A. Mechanical B. Biological C. Chemical D. Bowie-Dick Correct Answers Chemical What molecule is broken down when body cells require energy? A. ATP B. RNA C. DNA D. ADP Correct Answers ATP What muscle is commonly used for TRAM reconstruction in a mammoplasty? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Transverse abdominis C. Internal oblique D. Rectus abdominis Correct Answers Rectus abdominis What procedure is a weighted speculum used for? A. Tuboplasty B. Vaginal hysterectomy

C. Laparoscopy D. Simple vulvectomy Correct Answers Vaginal hysterectomy What procedure should be followed for securing consent for surgery for an unconscious patient requiring emergency surgery whose family members or guardian cannot be contacted? A. Chief of Surgery waives consent B. Surgeon and Risk Manager sign consent C. Two consulting physicians agree D. Obtain telephone court order Correct Answers Two consulting physicians agree What procedure uses a bonnie forcep? A. D&C B. TAH C. MMK D. LAVH Correct Answers TAH What should be transported to the PACU with a patient who underwent a thyroidectomy? Correct Answers Tracheotomy tray What should the surgical technologist wear when transporting a patient with tuberculosis from PACU to the isolation patient room? A. Hair cover B. Surgical mask C. No additional precautions necessary D. Respirator Correct Answers Respirator

What surgical instrument is used to thread the drilled hole for the screw during an ORIF? A. Tap B. Depth gauge C. Osteotome D. Drill bit Correct Answers Tap What term describes an individual who harbors a pathogen but displays no signs or symptoms? A. Fomite B. Carrier C. Vector D. Reservoir Correct Answers Carrier What term refers to cell "drinking"? A. Osmosis B. Phagocytosis C. Pinocytosis D. Filtration Correct Answers pinocytosis What type of clip is a Raney? A. Scalp B. Nerve C. Aneurysm D. Vessel Correct Answers scalp What type of dye is used intravenously to verify patency of the fallopian tubes during a pelvic procedure? A. Methylene blue B. Isovue C. Renografin

D. Gentian violet Correct Answers Methylene blue What type of external dressing would be used to eliminate dead space? A. Immobilizing B. Bulky C. Packing D. Pressure Correct Answers Pressure What type of procedure is performed to treat tumors of the pituitary gland? A. Ventriculoscopy B. Craniotomy C. Endoscopic microdecompression D. Transphenoidal hypophysectomy Correct Answers Transphenoidal hypophysectomy What type of suture is used for vascular reanastomosis? A. Absorbable multifilament B. Nonabsorbable monofilament C. Nonabsorbable multifilament D. Absorbable monofilament Correct Answers Non absorbable monofilament What type of suture technique is used to invert the stump of the appendix during an appendectomy? Correct Answers Purse- string What types of treatment does a patient authorize when signing a general consent form? A. Only for receiving general anesthesia

B. Invasive surgical procedures C. Receiving experimental drug D. All routine treatments or procedures Correct Answers All routine treatments or procedures When it is acceptable to open surgical dressing sponges? A. After first count B. After skin incision C. After final count D. After closure of cavity Correct Answers After final count When performing a rhinoplasty, the exostosis in the nose is removed with a: A. Chisel B. Rongeur C. Scissors D. Saw Correct Answers Chisel When preparing a double basin for sterilization, the: A. Basins should be separated by a porous, absorbent towel B. Sponges should be placed in the top basin C. Wrapped package should be laid flat on the shelf of the sterilizing cart D. Bottom basin should contain a residual of distilled water Correct Answers Basins should be separated by a porous, absorbent towel When preparing instruments for sterilization, all of the following are completed with the exception of: A. Maintaining the ringed instruments in an open position B. Placing heavy instruments on the bottom of the tray

C. Placing the instruments in a mesh-bottom tray D. Lining the tray with a nonwoven disposable wrapper Correct Answers lining tray with a nonwoven disposable wrapper When used as a skin prep, which of the following should be allowed to thoroughly dry if electrocautery will be used? A. Aqueous solutions B. Hexacholorophene C. Alcohol and tinctures D. Iodophor solutions Correct Answers Alcohol and tinctures Where should the Foley indwelling catheter drainage bag be positioned after insertion of the catheter? A. Above the level of the bladder B. Level of the bladder C. Lower than the level of the bladder D. Position not important Correct Answers Lower than the level of the bladder Where should the grounding pad be placed on a patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy who has a right hip prosthesis? A. Left anterior thigh B. Right posterior thigh C. Lower back D. Upper abdomen Correct Answers Left anterior thigh Which breast procedure describes a mastectomy? Correct Answers surgical removal Which catheter is used for an angioplasty?

A. Gruntzig B. Robinson C. Fogarty D. Swan-Ganz Correct Answers Fogarty Which condition is characterized by the sudden onset of floating spots before the eyes? A. Scleral tumor B. Retinal detachment C. Vitreous hemorrhage D. Epiretinal membrane Correct Answers Retinal detachment Which drug counteracts metabolic acidosis? A. Atropine sulfate B. Lidocaine C. Sodium bicarbonate D. Meperdine Correct Answers sodium bicarbonate Which if an acceptable antiseptic solution for a skin prep? A. Povidone-Iodine B. Lugol's solution C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Activated glutaraldehyde Correct Answers Povidone-Iodine Which ligament is transected during surgery for a De Quervain's disease? A. Dorsal carpal B. Adductor pollicis C. Transverse carpal D. Extensor retinaculum Correct Answers Dorsal carpal