ASU BIO 181: EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025, Exams of Biology

Download ASU BIO 181: EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ASU BIO 181: EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 Which strand is produced more rapidly? Leading strand During DNA replication in the lagging strand there is production of this component? Okazaki fragment How many "stop" codons exist? 3 The double helix of DNA is wrapped about 1¾ times around which of these components? Nucleosome Which enzyme unwraps the double helix? Helicase In the ribosome, what is the name of the bond that links one amino acid to the next? peptide bonds List the two basic categories of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. purine and pyrimidine In DNA, what does the nucleotide labeled as A pair with? Thymine During DNA replication is greatly reduced by enzymes that proof read the newly replicated DNA. True How many hydrogen bonds are there between an A and its paired nucleotide? 2 During mRNA maturation what is the name of the part of the mRNA that is removed? introns DNA replication in eukaryotes is sped up by multiple origins of replication. true RNA synthesis, also called RNA transcription occurs in three phases. List them from beginning to end in order. initiation, elongation, termination Which nucleotide is different in RNA compared to DNA? uridine There are two types of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. These two types can be distinguished because the polyribosome is either or . free; membrane bound In eukaryotic cells the start codon for protein synthesis is . Aug Draw the sugar in DNA and label the carbons as discussed in the lecture. Then circle the carbon that is different in RNA. Which sugar is present in RNA? ribose For DNA Polymerase III to work which of these components has to act first? Primase RNA is double stranded. False In the lagging stand, the DNA is read from the parental DNA's 3' to 5' end. True Which enzyme is used first to permit DNA polymerase III to begin replicating the 3' strand? Primase Strands of the backbone of DNA are parallel? False The DNA polymerase that replicates the parental strand of DNA reads the parental DNA from 5' to 3" and makes a new DNA strand from 3' to 5'. False Uridine is a nucleotide in DNA. False List one type of post-translational modification proteolysis Replication of DNA is semi-conservative. True Protein synthesis changes from the language of to the language of . nucleotide; amino acid In the ribosome, what pairs with the codon? anticodon The genetic code for the conversion of mRNA codons to proteins has redundancy. True Spleen Lymph Nodes Lymphatic Ducts Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information. True Bone marrow is a site where mature immune cells are found. false When a B cell is shown an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein it will go through ______________ ______________ and B cells subsequently can become ______________ and/or ______________ ______________. blast transformation; plasma cells; memory cells In 1 mL of blood, there are 1.5 million white blood cells false The molecular seal that serves as the barrier is called a _____________ _____________. While this is a good barrier, such barriers are not very strong and must be underlined by _____________ _____________. tight junction; adhering junctions Adhering junctions are based on two different types of cytoskeleton filament systems. Name those systems. Actin Filament System Intermediate Filament System Epithelial cells serve as a barrier to prevent non-specific movement of chemicals from one side of the epithelium to the other side. true Write a few sentences to distinguish between digestion and absorption. Digestion is breaking down food into smaller chunks. With absorption, you are taking the nutrients into your body. When glucose is taken in by the digestive track and enters your blood, cells are triggered to take in the glucose by what mechanism? insulin response Draw concentric circles and label the four layers of the gut. Also label the hole at the inner most circle. List what is in these four layers. What is bile made from? And how does oatmeal reduce cholesterol levels? Bile is synthesized from cholesterol. Oatmeal is a fiber that binds to the bile, which decreases its absorption by the ileum. As a result, cholesterol levels are reduced because additional bile does not need to be created. Think about feedback loops. What triggers the gall bladder to secrete bile? when fat is present, it sends a signal to the hepatic duct, which triggers the gallbladder to secrete bile by constricting the gallbladder to push the bile into the bile duct and into the duodenum. In what way is the making of a primary lysosome similar to the enzymes delivered by the pancreas? Pancreatic enzymes originate in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, are then passed through the Golgi Apparatus, and placed in vesicles for further transport. Lysosomes originate in the Golgi Apparatus and are placed in vesicles for further transport. The digestive track begins with the ___________________ and the first enzyme added is ___________________. mouth; amalyse 90% of absorption in the intestine occurs where? The jejunum and the ileum Name the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine. pyloric sphincter If something is called a vitamin, it cannot be made by the organism and must be taken in as a part of diet. True How does the pancreas neutralize the pH of the chyme that comes from the stomach? Bicarbonate ions When amino acids are acquired by food because your body can't make them they are called ___________________ ___________________ ___________________. Essential Amino Acids Name the main enzyme in the stomach. Pepsin List the layers of the digestive track covered by a thick layer of mucous. 1)mucosal 2)submucosal 3) muscular 4) serosa The esophagus has two distinct muscles that close off the tube. What are these called? Upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter List the order in which storage compounds are utilized if there is no intake of food. 1. glycogen and fat 2. proteins Vitamin K cannot be made by the cells of your body. Where is it made? The colon