ASU BIO 181 Exam 3 (13-16) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025, Exams of Biology

Download ASU BIO 181 Exam 3 (13-16) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ASU BIO 181 Exam 3 (13-16) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes. True In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is: Calcium ions Draw a neuron, and label all the parts as described in lecture. The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal. False Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid False List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function. 1. Schwann Cells: Provides electrical insulation by wrapping around the axon. 2. Oligodendrocytes: Same function for axons in CNS. 3. Astrocytes: Contribute to blood-brain barrier. 4: Microglia: Protects brain. The action potential is: A result of the movement of ions The post-synaptic cell can be: In glands, muscle cells, neurons Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin. False The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. True The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs. True The neural tissues are Spinal cord, sensory neurons, and brain Draw an action potential in the axon of a neuron and indicate which ions flow into the neuron and out of the neuron as the action potential passes at the point where the electrodes are in the cell. Be sure to assign on the Y-axis the mV of each of these areas. This should be as described in my lectures. Briefly explain why the action potential flows only from the axon hillock to the terminal web During the flow of the action potential there is a refractory period that ensures the action potential can't go backwards. This happens via the sodium channels. They only allow positive movement, which allows the action potential to keep flowing forward. The terminal web: is a site of exocytosis The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron. False The resting potential of neurons is: The answer is not on this list Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel. False The central nervous system (CNS) contains: There is no correct answer How do the glial cells (i.e., myelin sheath) speed up the firing of neurons? The glial cells wrap around the axon causing depolarization to happen between the glial cells. Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell. True Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell. True Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating. False Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire. False Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells. False When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate. True Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons True Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor. False When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system? 2. Alveoli cells and capillary cells The left ventricle of the heart contains more muscle. True Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs. False The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure. False Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells False There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them. 1) An increase in temperature 2) H+, Pco2, or BPG levels in blood decrease hemoglobin's affinity for O2, enhancing oxygen's unloading from the blood. What does carbonic anhydrase do? Converts CO2 and H2O into H2CO3...carbonic acid, which is eventually broken down bicarbonate and hydrogen ions When the ventricles contract, blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing. True The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood. False What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin? 4 Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by The circulatory system In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells True When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process. A decrease in blood pressure causes a decrease in action potentials sent to the cardio regulatory center of the medulla. To raise blood pressure, the body will first cause an increase in sympathetic nerve activity, causing it to fire more frequently, which increases the heart rate. The heart muscle is also stimulated to pump with more force, increasing the stroke volume. This results in an increase in cardiac output. As we learned, an increase in cardiac output causes an increased blood pressure, restoring blood pressure back to a normal level The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen. True Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries. False The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP. True There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________. myoglobin The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________. sinoatrial node Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen hemoglobin One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs. alveoli, surfactant Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs True Draw a cross-section of an artery or arteriole and label the layers. The heart contains two circuits. Name them pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting. True When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume False To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________. valves When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system? Diaphragm The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node. True In mammals ventilation is tidal True Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not True The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine. False The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood. True What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly? The nervous system will stimulate contraction of the afferent arteriole, reducing urine production. Blood wouldn't be able to be filtered which could lead to kidney failure Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney. The kidneys help maintain homeostasis by regulating the concentration and volume of body fluids. For example, the amount of H+ and HCO3 - secreted by the kidneys controls the body's pH. The kidney controls the water balance in the body. True Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule False The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________. ureter, urinary bladder Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman's capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman' s capsule False The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine. False The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds. True Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus. False Each kidney contains about one million nephrons True The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. True Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. True