Asvab Study Guide Exam 166 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Asvab Study Guide Exam 166 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Asvab Study Guide Exam 166 Questions with Verified Answers Crust - CORRECT ANSWER Earth's outermost layer. Mantle - CORRECT ANSWER The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. core - CORRECT ANSWER The central part of the earth below the mantle tectonic plates - CORRECT ANSWER Large movable plates under the Earth's surface. divergent plate boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER tectonic plates spreading apart, new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys). convergent plate boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER Areas where plates move toward each other and collide, causing uplift. transform plate boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other. igneous rock - CORRECT ANSWER a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER forms over time as sediment is layered, squeezed and solidified. Examples include sandstone, limestone, coal, and shale. metamorphic rock - CORRECT ANSWER rock that has been changed by heat and pressure Evaporation - CORRECT ANSWER Liquid to gas Condensation - CORRECT ANSWER Gas to liquid Precipitation - CORRECT ANSWER rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground. Troposphere - CORRECT ANSWER 0-17 km above Earth's surface, site of weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric water vapor. (temperature decreases with increasing altitude, pressure decreases) Stratosphere - CORRECT ANSWER 2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of Ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase. Mesosphere - CORRECT ANSWER The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core Thermosphere - CORRECT ANSWER The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases Exosphere - CORRECT ANSWER The outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space. Mercury - CORRECT ANSWER The smallest of the terrestrial planets and the closest to the sun. It is dense, with a very large iron core, and geologically quiet. It takes on 88 Earth days for Mercury to complete one revolution around the sun, Venus - CORRECT ANSWER The brightest object in our night sky, with the exception of the moon. Venus's rotation is the in opposite direction than it revolves. The rate of its rotation is very slow. It takes Venus 243 days to rotate around its axis, Earth - CORRECT ANSWER 3rd planet from sun; has an atmosphere that protects life & surface temp.'s that allow water to exist as a solid, liquid, & gas Mars - CORRECT ANSWER It is called the "red planet" because of the weathering of iron-rich rocks on its surface. Mars is the most Earth-like of all the planets. Evidence exists that Mars once had a great deal of liquid surface water. Celcius - CORRECT ANSWER Metric temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees Kelvin - CORRECT ANSWER The SI base unit of temperature Newton's First Law - CORRECT ANSWER An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newtons second law - CORRECT ANSWER Force equals mass times acceleration Newton's Third Law - CORRECT ANSWER For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation - CORRECT ANSWER The law that says every object in the universe attracts every other object, and that the force is affected by mass and distance: the greater the mass of an object, the greater the attraction; the farther apart the objects, the weaker the attraction. speed of light - CORRECT ANSWER 300,000 km/s speed of sound - CORRECT ANSWER 343 m/s v = sqrt(K/p) depends on: 1. K = *bulk modulus* of medium (why sound is faster in solids) 2. p = density (why sound is faster in a dense solid) 3. temperature of medium (why sound is faster in hot air) theory of special relativity - CORRECT ANSWER Albert Einstein's theory that time and space are relative to the observer and that only the speed of light remains constant kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER energy of motion potiential energy - CORRECT ANSWER stored energy mechanical energy - CORRECT ANSWER Kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object chemical energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy stored in chemical bonds nuclear energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom Gravitational Energy - CORRECT ANSWER Potential energy that depends on the height of an object thermal energy - CORRECT ANSWER Heat energy electical energy - CORRECT ANSWER is the energy of moving electric charges radiant energy - CORRECT ANSWER energy carried by light sound energy - CORRECT ANSWER Energy caused by an object's vibrations Motion/Mechanical Energy - CORRECT ANSWER movement of objects or substances from one place to another atoms - CORRECT ANSWER Basic unit of matter Element - CORRECT ANSWER A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Molocule - CORRECT ANSWER two or more atoms bonded together Compund - CORRECT ANSWER A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds Solid - CORRECT ANSWER Definite shape and volume liquid - CORRECT ANSWER A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. gas - CORRECT ANSWER A state of matter with no definite shape or volume Freezing - CORRECT ANSWER liquid to solid Melting - CORRECT ANSWER solid to liquid Condensation - CORRECT ANSWER Gas to liquid Vaporization - CORRECT ANSWER Liquid to gas Sublimation - CORRECT ANSWER solid to gas Deposition - CORRECT ANSWER gas to solid Protons - CORRECT ANSWER Positively charged particles Electrons - CORRECT ANSWER Negatively charged particles Nuetron - CORRECT ANSWER A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom ions - CORRECT ANSWER positively and negatively charged atoms atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom mass number - CORRECT ANSWER the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus Reactants - CORRECT ANSWER A starting material in a chemical reaction Products - CORRECT ANSWER The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.Reactants → Products Example of a Chemical Equation: Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon DioxideC + O2 → CO2 Reduction and Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER a reaction that occurs when electrons are transferred from one reactant to another 72⋅73=72+3=75 polynomial terms - CORRECT ANSWER each term of a polynomial is named based on its degree, as follows: cubic: degree of 3; quadratic: degree of 2; linear: degree of 1; constant: degree of 0 like terms of a polynomial - CORRECT ANSWER Two terms of a polynomial that have the same variable symbols each raised to the same power are called like terms. mulitiplying polynomials - CORRECT ANSWER When multiplying polynomials, every term must be multiplied by every other term and added together.Handshake 1: 3⋅x=3x3⋅�=3�Handshake 2: 3⋅2=63⋅2=6Sum of Handshakes =3x+6 multiplying polynomials using a grid - CORRECT ANSWER You may find it beneficial to set up these problems in a grid. For many, it is a helpful organizational tool. Let's revisit Example 3 from above, but use a grid approach: (5x+3)(2x-4)(5�+3)(2�-4) We have 2 terms in the first polynomial ("Company A") and 2 terms in the second polynomial ("Company B"). This means we want to set up a 2×2 grid as follows: mean, median, mode, range - CORRECT ANSWER Mean:the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores Median: the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it Mode: the number that occurs most often in a set of data Range: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distributionMedian=7+112=9,99 occurs twice in the list and all other values each only occur once, the Mode=9Mode=9,RangeRange =Largest Value−Smallest Value=Largest Value−Smallest Value Range=15−2=13Range=15−2=13 Outliers - CORRECT ANSWER Numbers that are much greater or much less than the other numbers in the set Probability Basics - CORRECT ANSWER •Chance events are described by probability •Probability is given as a fraction or decimal equivalent over a range of zero to one. (also 0% to 100%) •A probability of 0 means an event will not happen and therefore is not due to chance at all. •A probability of 1 means an event will happen - it is certain and therefore not due to chance at all •Anything that is chance ranges between those values •For example, the chance of a flipped coin landing with heads up is ½ ( or 0.5, or 50%) Probability Formula - CORRECT ANSWER Favorable Outcomes/Total Possible Outcomes,Probability that an 'O' state is chosenProbability that an 'O' state is chosen =Number of Successful OutcomesNumber of Possible Outcomes=Number of Successful OutcomesNumber of Possible Outcomes =350=0.06=6% tree diagram - CORRECT ANSWER A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes,Probability of 'heads' then '5 or 6'Probability of 'heads' then '5 or 6' =Number of Successful OutcomesNumber of Possible Outcomes=Number of Successful OutcomesNumber of Possible Outcomes =212=16 independent events - CORRECT ANSWER The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event Area of a rectangle - CORRECT ANSWER A=lw Length x Width Volume of a rectangular prism - CORRECT ANSWER V=lwh Angles - CORRECT ANSWER 2 rays joined together at a vertex right angle - CORRECT ANSWER an angle that measures 90 degrees complementary angles - CORRECT ANSWER Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees supplementary angles - CORRECT ANSWER Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees Angles in a triangle - CORRECT ANSWER add up to 180 degrees equilateral triangle - CORRECT ANSWER A triangle with three congruent sides isosceles triangle - CORRECT ANSWER a triangle with at least two congruent sides scalene triangle - CORRECT ANSWER a triangle with no congruent sides Area of a triangle - CORRECT ANSWER A=1/2bh Area of a quadrilateral - CORRECT ANSWER A=bh always sum to 360 degrees Parellelogram - CORRECT ANSWER a quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides Area of a parallelogram - CORRECT ANSWER base x height rectangle - CORRECT ANSWER A parallelogram with four right angles 90 degrees Area and perimeter of a rectangle - CORRECT ANSWER A= lw P= 2l + 2w Radius - CORRECT ANSWER A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere. diameter - CORRECT ANSWER A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere. pi - CORRECT ANSWER 3.14159 circumfrence of a circle formula - CORRECT ANSWER 2 x pie x radius OR diameter x pie Area of a circle - CORRECT ANSWER A=πr² What is NaCl? - CORRECT ANSWER Salt.