ASVAB Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions, Exams of Nursing

Download ASVAB Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ASVAB Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions Ohms Law: - ANS: Opposition to the flow of current. Pharynx - ANS: further filters the air and aids in protections against infection Phenotype - ANS: genes that express themselves in physical characteristics ex: eye color Genotype - ANS: genetic make up, including both dominant and recessive alleles. Allies - ANS: a gene which consists of hereditary factors The Nervous system - ANS: Controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment Spinal Cord - ANS: major connecting system between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brains is also the control center for many simple reflexs. Epiglottis - ANS: Closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea Ecology - ANS: Study of the interrelationship between organisms and their psychical surrounding. Ecologist employ a similar set of terminology Biosphere - ANS: Zone of planet earth where life naturally occure including land, water, and air extending from the deep crust to the lower atmosphere. Biome - ANS: Major life zone of interrelted species bound together by similar climate, vegetation and animal life Medulla (Brain stem) - ANS: connection between the brain and the spinal cord. Controls involuntary actions (Breathing, swallowing, beating of heart). Cerebrum - ANS: the major part of the brain. Thought to be the center of intelligence, responsible for hearing, seeing thinking, etc Ecosystem - ANS: a system made up of a community of animals, plants, and other organisms as well as non-living aspects of its enviornment Community - ANS: the collection of all ecologically connected species in an area population - ANS: a group of organisms of the same species living in the same region Producers (autotrophs) - ANS: make their own food vi photosynthesis Decomposers (bacteria/fungi) aka saprotrophs - ANS: break down organic matter release minerals back into the soil Scavengers (vertebrates, vultures, jaklas) - ANS: consuming refuse/decaying organic matter ex: carrion/decaying fish Consumer AKA heterotrophas - ANS: animals that consumer other organisms to survive Primary Consumer (herbivores) - ANS: eat plants Secondary Consumers (carnivores/ omnivores) - ANS: eat primary consumers ex: wplves, lions, sharks Tetiary Consumers (top carnivores) - ANS: capable of eating secondary conumers Geology - ANS: is the science that deals with the history and composition of the earth and its life, especially as recorded in rocks Small intestine - ANS: bulk of digestion takes place. Fid us broken down by enzymes (produced in the walls of the small intestine, pacreas, and liver) Lipase - ANS: changes fat to glycerol and fatty acis Pancreatic amylase - ANS: breaks down complex carbohydrtes into simple sugars Trypsin - ANS: converts polypeptides into amino acids Large intestine - ANS: waste/minerals in the waste matter are absorbed back into the body Kidney - ANS: chemichal waste such as excess salts, minerals, waters, are filtered from the blood by the kidney and secreted into the urine Water - ANS: for survival Carbohydrates - ANS: metabolism fats - ANS: provide energy for metabloism vitamins - ANS: psysocilogical process ex: bone hardness, healthy gums Fiber - ANS: provides bulk, allows large intestine to carry away waste matter Protein - ANS: body maintence, growth, repair Arthrophads have.. - ANS: exoskeltons (external skeleton) ex: insects, spiders Verterbrate have - ANS: endroskeletons (internal skeletons) ex: man Bones function - ANS: main support of the body, protect vital organs, produce blod cells, store minerals ex: calcium ligaments are.. - ANS: the connecting bones to bones joints ex: elbow, knee, finger Respiratory system - ANS: the process by which blodd cells absorbs oxygen and eliminates carbon dixoide and water vapor Nasal Cavity - ANS: filters, moistens and warms the air epiglotties - ANS: closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea Spinal Cord - ANS: major connecting center between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brain and is also the control center for many simple reflexes. Nervous System - ANS: controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment Alles - ANS: ... One thousand meters is a... - ANS: kilometer One one-hundreth of a meter is called a.. - ANS: centimeter Fahrenheit = - ANS: 9/5Celsius + 32 Celsius = - ANS: 5/9(f-32) Element - ANS: a substance that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary chemical methods. Atom - ANS: The smallest component of an elment that still retains the properties of the element Proton - ANS: A subatomic particle found in the atmos nucleus tht carrues a positive electice charge Neutron - ANS: A subatomic particle found in the atoms nucleus that carries a positive electric charge Electron - ANS: A subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. An electron carries a negative charge and has a miniscule mass. An atom has thw same number of negative electrons around the nucleus as the number of positive protons in the nucleus Molecule - ANS: The smallest particle of an element of compound that can exist in the free state and still retain the characteristiccs of the element or compound. The molecules of elemens consist of one atom or tow or more similar atoms; the molecules of compounds consist of two or more different atoms. Conduction - ANS: Is the simplest method of heat transfer. It is accomplished by direct contract. Metals are generally goo conductors of heat. Wood styrofoam and plastic are poor conductors of heat which make them good insulators Convection - ANS: is the transfer of heat unevenly in a liquid or gas, lowering the densisty of the heated liquid or gas, which causes it to rise and the cooler liquid or gas to fall. The resuliting circulatory movement is termed convection. Radiation - ANS: occurs when electromagnetic waves transmit heat. The heat we get from the sun is called radiation atomic number is.. - ANS: the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons orbiting its shell Protons have a ___ charge - ANS: positive Potential energy - ANS: energy storied in an object as a result of its position shape or state Kinetic energy - ANS: the energy possessed by a moving object Engine - ANS: generates power to drive the vechicles wheels and varrious accessories Cooling system - ANS: removes excess heat from the engine Lubrication system - ANS: circulates motor oil though the engine to reduce friction and make the engine run smoothly Fuel system - ANS: ensure that correct amounts of air and fuel are aviable for efficient combustiin in the engine Ignition system - ANS: generates and time the spark that initiates combustion Exhaust system - ANS: forms a "pipeline" for watse gases to be removed from the engine and then to be dissipated to the open atmosphere Emission Contorl System - ANS: helps limit toxic vechicle emissions Electrical system - ANS: includes starting, charging, light and acessosry systems Computer system - ANS: Contorls all aspects of vechicle operations, including engine, dirve train, brakes, and suspensions Drive Train - ANS: transmits power from the engie to the vecicles drive wheels Suspension and stering - ANS: Controls the vehicles ride quality and handling Brake system - ANS: stops the vehicle safely and predictably The Engine most used in automobiles are known as.. - ANS: internal combustion engines Internal Combustion Engine - ANS: Fuel is burned internally and the resulting heat is used directly to power an engine. They can be fueled with gasoline, diesel fuel, other petroleum as propane or natural gas. It needsa air fuel and heat source that can be used to ignite the air-fuel mixture Engine Block (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: forms the frameowrk for the engine cylinders and reciprocating assembly Piston ((Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: a cylindrically shaped object with a solid crown (top) that moves up and down in the engine cylinders. Hot gases from the combustion of the air- fuel mixture pust Cylinder (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: forms a guide for the piston to move in ; allows the piston to move up and down as the engine completes its cycle Piston rings (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: seal the piston to the cylinder and prevent combustion gases from leaking past. Oil rings prevent oil from the engine crankcase from making its way into the combustion chamber Wrist Pin(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: connects the piston to the connecting rode and forms a pivot point for the small end of the connecting rod to move on Connecting Rod(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Conects the piston/wrist pin assebmbly to the engines crankshaft. The large end of the eonnecting rod attaches to the crankshaft on the connecting rod journal Crankshaft(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Convets the linear (straight line) motion of the piston into rotray motion, which can then be used to power vechicle or drive an accesory Cylinder Head (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Located above the piston, it housed the combustion chambers, the intake and exhause valves and the intake and exhaust ports Combustion Chamber (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: located in the cylinder head directly about the piston, it is where the actual combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place Intake Valve(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: allows air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chambers. When closed it mus seal the combustion chambers from the intake port Exhaust valves(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: allows waste gases to be removed from the combustion chambers. When closed it must seal the combustion chamber from the exhuast port Camshaft - ANS: Responsile for the opening and closeing of the engines intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft turns at one-half speec of the engines crankshaft Troposphere - ANS: lowest level of the atmosphere, where all weather takes pace. It is the regon of rising and falling pckets of air. Stratosphere - ANS: airflow is mostly horizontal. The thin ozone layer in the upper stratosphere has a high concentration of ozone, a particularly reactive form of oxygen. This layer is primarily responsbile for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Temperature is about - 60 C Mesosphere - ANS: above the stratosphere is the mesophere, which extends to about 90 kilo abut the Earth. The temperature starts to drop again, to as low as - 90 C. This is where we see "falling stars" meteors that fall to the Earth and burn up the atmosphere Thermosphere - ANS: temperature continues to increase with the altitude, with recorded temperatures reaching as high as 2,000 C as its upper limits which extends to several thousan kilmeters above the Earth Warm Front - ANS: When a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass As the warm air advances it rides ove the cold air ahead of it, which is heavier. As the warm air rises the water vapor in it condences into clouds that can produce rain snow leet or freezing rain - often all four Radiator - ANS: responsible for transferring heat from the collant to the outside air Radiator cap - ANS: Responsible for maintaining pressure in the system and allowing coolant to transfer between the collant reservoir and the radiator. Coolant recovery bottle - ANS: forms a reservoir for coolant to flow in and out of the cooling system as the engine increase and decreases in tempeature Air-cooling - ANS: Where air is circulated over cooling fins on the outside of the engine to remove excess heat Water-Cooling - ANS: used a liquid cooland to pick up excess heat and then rejects that heat through a radiator Water-pump - ANS: responsible for moving coolant through the cooling system in order to transfer and control heat Water Jacket - ANS: Hollow sections in the engine bloack and cylinder head that allow coolant to be transferred through them. Thermostat - ANS: Controls enging temperature by allowing coolant to flow into the radiator when the coolant temperature rises above a certain level Bypass tube - ANS: Allows coolant to flow back into the water pump from the cylinder head when the thermostat is closed Radiator hoses - ANS: Flexible hoses that allow hot coolant to flow between the engine and the vehicles radiator Ignition timing - ANS: is the time in the combustion cycle that a spark is generated at the spark plug Lubrication system - ANS: Most critical system in terms of engine operation. Without this the internal parts of the engine would develop enough friction to stop the engine completely Fuel system - ANS: responsbile for mainting the correct air-fuel mixtrue for efficient engine operation. Ignition System - ANS: Most critical vehicle system, without it combustion cannot take place so the engine will not run. The ignition system must generate high-voltage sparks at the correct time in order to make the engine run smoothly and efficiently Radal tire - ANS: Is known for its stable footprint and low rolling resistance Brake system - ANS: of all the systems on a car, the most important may well be the nrake sustem, it is one thing to not be able to go, it is another thing again to not be able to stop Antilock Brakes - ANS: prevent wheel lock under hard braking condition, this gives more control to the driver in slippery conditions and allows the vehicle to stopmore predictably Open-end Wrench - ANS: made for speed, easy to slide the wrench on an off a fastener such as a cap screw, Box-end Wrench - ANS: loosen tight fasteners, it is a good idea to use a box-end wrench. The box wraps completely around the head of a bolt and therefore meakes greater surface contact Combination Wrench - ANS: Has an open-end and box-rnf bulit into opposite end of a wrench. Boh ends are made to fit the same zie fastener, but the technician can loosen the bolt with the box end and then finish removing the bolt more quickly using the open end ` Sockets - ANS: An alternative to using wrenches to loosen fasteners. Come in 6 and 12 point designs. 6 point Sockets - ANS: a stronger design and is usually the mechanics first choice in the smaller socket drives sizes. 12 point sockets - ANS: definitely the most popular in large drive size such as 3/4 inches and above Ratchet - ANS: the most commone drive took for sockets, turns the fastener in only one direction as the handles is moved back and forth through a narrow arc. They are reversible so they can be set to tighten or lossen a fastener Air impact wrench - ANS: can remove fasteners quickly by applying tremendouse amounts of torque using a hammering actions that vibrates fasteners loose. only impact sockets should be used with an air impact wrench Screwdriver - ANS: used so fasteners can often be removed and installed Flat tiip - ANS: oldest screwdrivers Ball-peen hammer - ANS: Most often used by metal workers and mechanics. Designed with a regular striking face lise most hammers, but also has a rounded end that can be used for sharping metal and making gaskets Rubber mallet - ANS: mechanics use this to prevent damage to the parts they are striking. Not made for maxium impact, they are designed to instal delicate parts such as hub caps and prevent damage to their surface Wooden Mallet - ANS: Used by a carpenter to achieve the same effect as a rubber mallet. Sledge Hammer - ANS: requires the use of a sledge hammer. This long handle hammer with a large steel head that typically requires both hands to operate Chisel - ANS: normally has a long edge and is used for cutting, where as a punch is narrow and us used for driving small fasteners and marking layout marks Drift - ANS: is used for striking an object where it is important that the hammer itself not come in direct contact with the work