ASVAB Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions, Exams of Nursing

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ASVAB Study Guide Questions with

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Ohms Law: - ANS: Opposition to the flow of current. Pharynx - ANS: further filters the air and aids in protections against infection Phenotype - ANS: genes that express themselves in physical characteristics ex: eye color Genotype - ANS: genetic make up, including both dominant and recessive alleles. Allies - ANS: a gene which consists of hereditary factors The Nervous system - ANS: Controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment Spinal Cord - ANS: major connecting system between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brains is also the control center for many simple reflexs. Epiglottis - ANS: Closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea Ecology - ANS: Study of the interrelationship between organisms and their psychical surrounding. Ecologist employ a similar set of terminology Biosphere - ANS: Zone of planet earth where life naturally occure including land, water, and air extending from the deep crust to the lower atmosphere. Biome - ANS: Major life zone of interrelted species bound together by similar climate, vegetation and animal life

Medulla (Brain stem) - ANS: connection between the brain and the spinal cord. Controls involuntary actions (Breathing, swallowing, beating of heart). Cerebrum - ANS: the major part of the brain. Thought to be the center of intelligence, responsible for hearing, seeing thinking, etc Ecosystem - ANS: a system made up of a community of animals, plants, and other organisms as well as non-living aspects of its enviornment Community - ANS: the collection of all ecologically connected species in an area population - ANS: a group of organisms of the same species living in the same region Producers (autotrophs) - ANS: make their own food vi photosynthesis Decomposers (bacteria/fungi) aka saprotrophs - ANS: break down organic matter release minerals back into the soil Scavengers (vertebrates, vultures, jaklas) - ANS: consuming refuse/decaying organic matter ex: carrion/decaying fish Consumer AKA heterotrophas - ANS: animals that consumer other organisms to survive Primary Consumer (herbivores) - ANS: eat plants Secondary Consumers (carnivores/ omnivores) - ANS: eat primary consumers ex: wplves, lions, sharks Tetiary Consumers (top carnivores) - ANS: capable of eating secondary conumers Geology - ANS: is the science that deals with the history and composition of the earth and its life, especially as recorded in rocks

Central nervous system - ANS: contains all the other neurons found throughout the brain / spinal cord Cerbellum - ANS: a big cluster of nerves tissue that forms the basis for the brain. Concerned with muscular coordination and the coordination of impulses sent out from the cerebrum Gene - ANS: unit of inheritance Pathway of the Heart - ANS: 1. Superior Vena Cava 2. Pulmonary Artery 3. Right Atrium 4. Right Ventricle

5. Pulmonary arteries 6. Pulmonary Veins 7. Left Atrium 8. Left Ventricle 9. Aorta The autonomic nervous system - ANS: regulates involuntary action in the heart, stomach and intestines heart - ANS: 4. Chambered pump with two collection chambers called atria and two pumping chambers called ventricles Circulatory system - ANS: transport nutrients throughout the body and get rids of waste Right atrium - ANS: recevies deoxygenated blood from the vena cava Broncnioles/Alvelus - ANS: 1.When the bronchi further subdivide into smaller tubes 2. Each Bronchiole ends in a small sac. The oxygen from the it enters into blood stream of a capillaries. Diaphragm - ANS: system of muscles that allow the lungs to expand/contract drawing ir in and out Trachea - ANS: further cleans air. Tranchea branches into left/right bronchi are two tubes that lead to the lungs Right Ventricle - ANS: pumps blood through the lungs through the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Vien - ANS: where oxygented blood returns and than travles to the left atrium than to the left ventricle, aroato, arties, body Valves - ANS: help the blood from flowing backwards into the heart Arteriotes - ANS: Smaller arteries, which supply blood to the tissue via the capillaries Arteries - ANS: carry blood from the heart ti the tissues of the body. Thick wallled, conduction oxygenated lood at high blood pressure Viens - ANS: Carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries. Thin-walled, conduct vlood at low pressure, contain many valves to prevent back flow. No pulse. Dark red deoxygentated blood Capillaries - ANS: thin wall vessels, very small in diameter. Permit exchange of materials between the blood and the bodys cell (diffusion) Red blood cell - ANS: oxygen carrying cell White blood cells - ANS: fight infection by destroying foreign organisms platelets - ANS: cell fragments that allow blood to clot. All blood cells created in bone marrow, located in the center of bone. The digestive system - ANS: responsible for breaking down foods into material the body ca use for energy and body building Digestive tract - ANS: essentically a ong nd winding tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestion Process - ANS: 1. Mouth (teeth. tonuge = mechanical digestion, Saliva = being to break down startch) 2. Esophagus: pushed food into the stomach 3. Stomach : food is mixed with gastic acids and pesping, helps breakdown Protein 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Kidney 7. Rectrum 8. Anus 9. Urthera

Small intestine - ANS: bulk of digestion takes place. Fid us broken down by enzymes (produced in the walls of the small intestine, pacreas, and liver) Lipase - ANS: changes fat to glycerol and fatty acis Pancreatic amylase - ANS: breaks down complex carbohydrtes into simple sugars Trypsin - ANS: converts polypeptides into amino acids Large intestine - ANS: waste/minerals in the waste matter are absorbed back into the body Kidney - ANS: chemichal waste such as excess salts, minerals, waters, are filtered from the blood by the kidney and secreted into the urine Water - ANS: for survival Carbohydrates - ANS: metabolism fats - ANS: provide energy for metabloism vitamins - ANS: psysocilogical process ex: bone hardness, healthy gums Fiber - ANS: provides bulk, allows large intestine to carry away waste matter Protein - ANS: body maintence, growth, repair Arthrophads have.. - ANS: exoskeltons (external skeleton) ex: insects, spiders

Verterbrate have - ANS: endroskeletons (internal skeletons) ex: man Bones function - ANS: main support of the body, protect vital organs, produce blod cells, store minerals ex: calcium ligaments are.. - ANS: the connecting bones to bones joints ex: elbow, knee, finger Respiratory system - ANS: the process by which blodd cells absorbs oxygen and eliminates carbon dixoide and water vapor Nasal Cavity - ANS: filters, moistens and warms the air epiglotties - ANS: closes when swallowing to prevent food from going down the airway into the Trachea Spinal Cord - ANS: major connecting center between the brain and network of nerves. Carries impulse between all organs and the brain and is also the control center for many simple reflexes. Nervous System - ANS: controls the functions of the body and receives stimuli from the environment Alles - ANS: ... One thousand meters is a... - ANS: kilometer One one-hundreth of a meter is called a.. - ANS: centimeter Fahrenheit = - ANS: 9/5Celsius + 32 Celsius = - ANS: 5/9(f-32)

Element - ANS: a substance that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary chemical methods. Atom - ANS: The smallest component of an elment that still retains the properties of the element Proton - ANS: A subatomic particle found in the atmos nucleus tht carrues a positive electice charge Neutron - ANS: A subatomic particle found in the atoms nucleus that carries a positive electric charge Electron - ANS: A subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. An electron carries a negative charge and has a miniscule mass. An atom has thw same number of negative electrons around the nucleus as the number of positive protons in the nucleus Molecule - ANS: The smallest particle of an element of compound that can exist in the free state and still retain the characteristiccs of the element or compound. The molecules of elemens consist of one atom or tow or more similar atoms; the molecules of compounds consist of two or more different atoms. Conduction - ANS: Is the simplest method of heat transfer. It is accomplished by direct contract. Metals are generally goo conductors of heat. Wood styrofoam and plastic are poor conductors of heat which make them good insulators Convection - ANS: is the transfer of heat unevenly in a liquid or gas, lowering the densisty of the heated liquid or gas, which causes it to rise and the cooler liquid or gas to fall. The resuliting circulatory movement is termed convection. Radiation - ANS: occurs when electromagnetic waves transmit heat. The heat we get from the sun is called radiation atomic number is.. - ANS: the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons orbiting its shell Protons have a ___ charge - ANS: positive

Neutrons have a ___ charge - ANS: neutral Electrons have a ____ charge and - ANS: negative; are in motions around the nucleus Shells - ANS: the various orbits that the electons occupy around the nucleys Conductor - ANS: is an element that freely conducts electricity Insulator - ANS: Does not conduct electricty at all Semiconductor - ANS: is neither a good conductor nor insulator , but hs s ome remarkable properites that make it very useful for making electronic compnents Electron Flow Theory - ANS: electrons flow away from areas of excess negative charge, to those with deficiency of negtive charge Voltage - ANS: Electrical pressure Current - ANS: The rate of flow of electrons through a conductor, it is measure in ampes which is one coulomb. One coulomb id the amount of a chare in 6.25 X 10 ^18 ` Direct Current - ANS: means that current only flows one way in a conductor Altering Current - ANS: when the current flowing in a conductor changes direction many times in a second Resistance - ANS: Opposition to the flow of current. F = - ANS: 9/5C+ 9/5 = 1.

C = - ANS: 5/9 F + 32 =

5/9 =.

Volume - ANS: the measurement of three-dimensional space Mass - ANS: as the ammount of matter that something has Weight - ANS: as the force exerted on an objects mass by gravity Velocity - ANS: the rate at which an object changes position displacemnt of any object / time Force - ANS: is the push or pull that forces an object to change its speed or direction, Unit of force is called a newton Work - ANS: as the force exerted on an object times the distance moved in the direction of the force. Work = Force X Distance Momentum - ANS: the tendency of an object to continue moving the same direction momentum = mass X velocity Acceleration - ANS: rate of change of veloicty acceleration = change in velocity / change in time Energy - ANS: Capapcity to do work

Potential energy - ANS: energy storied in an object as a result of its position shape or state Kinetic energy - ANS: the energy possessed by a moving object Engine - ANS: generates power to drive the vechicles wheels and varrious accessories Cooling system - ANS: removes excess heat from the engine Lubrication system - ANS: circulates motor oil though the engine to reduce friction and make the engine run smoothly Fuel system - ANS: ensure that correct amounts of air and fuel are aviable for efficient combustiin in the engine Ignition system - ANS: generates and time the spark that initiates combustion Exhaust system - ANS: forms a "pipeline" for watse gases to be removed from the engine and then to be dissipated to the open atmosphere Emission Contorl System - ANS: helps limit toxic vechicle emissions Electrical system - ANS: includes starting, charging, light and acessosry systems Computer system - ANS: Contorls all aspects of vechicle operations, including engine, dirve train, brakes, and suspensions Drive Train - ANS: transmits power from the engie to the vecicles drive wheels Suspension and stering - ANS: Controls the vehicles ride quality and handling

Brake system - ANS: stops the vehicle safely and predictably The Engine most used in automobiles are known as.. - ANS: internal combustion engines Internal Combustion Engine - ANS: Fuel is burned internally and the resulting heat is used directly to power an engine. They can be fueled with gasoline, diesel fuel, other petroleum as propane or natural gas. It needsa air fuel and heat source that can be used to ignite the air-fuel mixture Engine Block (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: forms the frameowrk for the engine cylinders and reciprocating assembly Piston ((Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: a cylindrically shaped object with a solid crown (top) that moves up and down in the engine cylinders. Hot gases from the combustion of the air- fuel mixture pust Cylinder (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: forms a guide for the piston to move in ; allows the piston to move up and down as the engine completes its cycle Piston rings (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: seal the piston to the cylinder and prevent combustion gases from leaking past. Oil rings prevent oil from the engine crankcase from making its way into the combustion chamber Wrist Pin(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: connects the piston to the connecting rode and forms a pivot point for the small end of the connecting rod to move on Connecting Rod(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Conects the piston/wrist pin assebmbly to the engines crankshaft. The large end of the eonnecting rod attaches to the crankshaft on the connecting rod journal Crankshaft(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Convets the linear (straight line) motion of the piston into rotray motion, which can then be used to power vechicle or drive an accesory

Cylinder Head (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: Located above the piston, it housed the combustion chambers, the intake and exhause valves and the intake and exhaust ports Combustion Chamber (Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: located in the cylinder head directly about the piston, it is where the actual combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place Intake Valve(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: allows air-fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chambers. When closed it mus seal the combustion chambers from the intake port Exhaust valves(Component of the internal combustion engine) - ANS: allows waste gases to be removed from the combustion chambers. When closed it must seal the combustion chamber from the exhuast port Camshaft - ANS: Responsile for the opening and closeing of the engines intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft turns at one-half speec of the engines crankshaft Troposphere - ANS: lowest level of the atmosphere, where all weather takes pace. It is the regon of rising and falling pckets of air. Stratosphere - ANS: airflow is mostly horizontal. The thin ozone layer in the upper stratosphere has a high concentration of ozone, a particularly reactive form of oxygen. This layer is primarily responsbile for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Temperature is about - 60 C Mesosphere - ANS: above the stratosphere is the mesophere, which extends to about 90 kilo abut the Earth. The temperature starts to drop again, to as low as - 90 C. This is where we see "falling stars" meteors that fall to the Earth and burn up the atmosphere Thermosphere - ANS: temperature continues to increase with the altitude, with recorded temperatures reaching as high as 2,000 C as its upper limits which extends to several thousan kilmeters above the Earth Warm Front - ANS: When a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass As the warm air advances it rides ove the cold air ahead of it, which is heavier. As the warm air rises the water vapor in it condences into clouds that can produce rain snow leet or freezing rain - often all four

Cold Front - ANS: When a cold air mass overtakes a warm ar mass. Most cold fronts are precceded by a line of precpiptation as they roar across an area. Can produce very little or no precipitation as they move. Stationary Front - ANS: Sometimes two air masses meet and neither is displaced. Instead the two fronts push against each other in a stalement. Stationary fronts often cause cloudy, wet weather that can last a week or more Stratus Clouds - ANS: low-hanging, broad, flat clouse that blanket the sky. The lowest of low clouds. Can cause fog. Dark stratus clouds indicate that rain will soon occure Cumulus Clouds - ANS: are massive clouds that are puffy like popcorns with relatively flat bottoms and rounded tops. When dark you can expect heavy rain Cirrus - ANS: This wispy clouds that occure much higher in the atomsphere at elevations of 20,000 fett or more Internal combustion engines convert.. - ANS: chemical energy i the air-fuel mixture into heat energy and thi heat energy is then converted into mechcnical energy A four-stroke cycle engine... - ANS: requires two complete revolution of the crankshaft to complete one cycle of events It takes ____ strokes of the piston to complete one cycle of events - ANS: four Four Stroke cycle beings with the - ANS: intake Stroke Cylinder Arrangement - ANS: Automotive engines can be bulit in a number of different configurations Most common number of cylinders in automobile enegines are - ANS: four, six, and eight

Inline design - ANS: the simplest cylinder arrangement, all of the engines cylinders are lied up in a row. Inline fource cylinder engines are very popular in front - wheel dive cars with transverse (sideways) mounted engines. Most often found in small - to medium - sized vehicles Horizontally opposed or flat desing - ANS: has all of the cylinders lying on the horizontal plane, with half of the cylinders facing away from the other hald and the crankshaft located between them. Camshaft location - ANS: The camshaft is responsible for the pening and closing of the engines valves, and it is driven by the crankshaft through a timing chain or timing belt. ` Firing Order - ANS: The order that the cylinders fire A common firing order for four-cylinder engines is - ANS: 1-3-4- Firing order of a V-8 engines is - ANS: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7- Disel engines are simple because - ANS: they do not incorporate a sparl-ignition system also that a disel engine and most gasoline engines is that diesels inject their fuel directly into the combustion chamber Stoichimometric - ANS: The ideal ratio of air to fuel, it is the responsibility of the engines fuel system to maintain that balance Air-Fuel Ratio - ANS: a comparison of the weight of the air relative to the weight of the fuel that has been mixed with it. Is ideal air-Fuel ratio is 14.7: 1 Atomized - ANS: When fuel is mixed with air by the fuel system, The fuel is directed into the air stream that is entering the engine Lean Mixtures - ANS: When too much ait and not enough fuel would be described. Burn relatively slowly because there is greater space between the fuel molecules and it takes more tim for a flame to jump from particle to particles. Burn much hotter and thus can cause serious engine damage. Ration 17: 2

Radiator - ANS: responsible for transferring heat from the collant to the outside air Radiator cap - ANS: Responsible for maintaining pressure in the system and allowing coolant to transfer between the collant reservoir and the radiator. Coolant recovery bottle - ANS: forms a reservoir for coolant to flow in and out of the cooling system as the engine increase and decreases in tempeature Air-cooling - ANS: Where air is circulated over cooling fins on the outside of the engine to remove excess heat Water-Cooling - ANS: used a liquid cooland to pick up excess heat and then rejects that heat through a radiator Water-pump - ANS: responsible for moving coolant through the cooling system in order to transfer and control heat Water Jacket - ANS: Hollow sections in the engine bloack and cylinder head that allow coolant to be transferred through them. Thermostat - ANS: Controls enging temperature by allowing coolant to flow into the radiator when the coolant temperature rises above a certain level Bypass tube - ANS: Allows coolant to flow back into the water pump from the cylinder head when the thermostat is closed Radiator hoses - ANS: Flexible hoses that allow hot coolant to flow between the engine and the vehicles radiator Ignition timing - ANS: is the time in the combustion cycle that a spark is generated at the spark plug

Lubrication system - ANS: Most critical system in terms of engine operation. Without this the internal parts of the engine would develop enough friction to stop the engine completely Fuel system - ANS: responsbile for mainting the correct air-fuel mixtrue for efficient engine operation. Ignition System - ANS: Most critical vehicle system, without it combustion cannot take place so the engine will not run. The ignition system must generate high-voltage sparks at the correct time in order to make the engine run smoothly and efficiently Radal tire - ANS: Is known for its stable footprint and low rolling resistance Brake system - ANS: of all the systems on a car, the most important may well be the nrake sustem, it is one thing to not be able to go, it is another thing again to not be able to stop Antilock Brakes - ANS: prevent wheel lock under hard braking condition, this gives more control to the driver in slippery conditions and allows the vehicle to stopmore predictably Open-end Wrench - ANS: made for speed, easy to slide the wrench on an off a fastener such as a cap screw, Box-end Wrench - ANS: loosen tight fasteners, it is a good idea to use a box-end wrench. The box wraps completely around the head of a bolt and therefore meakes greater surface contact Combination Wrench - ANS: Has an open-end and box-rnf bulit into opposite end of a wrench. Boh ends are made to fit the same zie fastener, but the technician can loosen the bolt with the box end and then finish removing the bolt more quickly using the open end ` Sockets - ANS: An alternative to using wrenches to loosen fasteners. Come in 6 and 12 point designs. 6 point Sockets - ANS: a stronger design and is usually the mechanics first choice in the smaller socket drives sizes.

12 point sockets - ANS: definitely the most popular in large drive size such as 3/4 inches and above Ratchet - ANS: the most commone drive took for sockets, turns the fastener in only one direction as the handles is moved back and forth through a narrow arc. They are reversible so they can be set to tighten or lossen a fastener Air impact wrench - ANS: can remove fasteners quickly by applying tremendouse amounts of torque using a hammering actions that vibrates fasteners loose. only impact sockets should be used with an air impact wrench Screwdriver - ANS: used so fasteners can often be removed and installed Flat tiip - ANS: oldest screwdrivers Ball-peen hammer - ANS: Most often used by metal workers and mechanics. Designed with a regular striking face lise most hammers, but also has a rounded end that can be used for sharping metal and making gaskets Rubber mallet - ANS: mechanics use this to prevent damage to the parts they are striking. Not made for maxium impact, they are designed to instal delicate parts such as hub caps and prevent damage to their surface Wooden Mallet - ANS: Used by a carpenter to achieve the same effect as a rubber mallet. Sledge Hammer - ANS: requires the use of a sledge hammer. This long handle hammer with a large steel head that typically requires both hands to operate Chisel - ANS: normally has a long edge and is used for cutting, where as a punch is narrow and us used for driving small fasteners and marking layout marks Drift - ANS: is used for striking an object where it is important that the hammer itself not come in direct contact with the work

Cold Chisel - ANS: The most common chisel, has a straight, sharp edge for cutting off bolt heads or separating two pieces of an assembly. Cold Chisels get dull from time to time and must be resharpened on a bench grinder. Pin Punches - ANS: are straight cylindrical shape, and are used for driving roll pins. Made to drive pins out of holes and to follow the pin through the hole as it forces it out Center Punches - ANS: are used to make small indentations that serve as starting marks for drilling operations. Making a small indentation with a center punch can help the drill bit stay on target long enough to get a hole started. Drifts - ANS: often made from soft metals such as mild steel brass and even aluminum Crosscut saw - ANS: cut across the grain of wood. Rip saw - ANS: made to cut with the grain of the wood and whose teeth are shaped like chisels. Coping saw - ANS: Used to make fine. curving cuts. Uses a thin flexible blade that is held tight on a wide frame. The blade can be rotated in the frame for further flexibility making it easier to make difficult cuts on larger pieces of material. back saw - ANS: is also made from thin material but has a rigid strip of steel on its top edge for reinforcement. Hacksaw - ANS: used for cutting metals such as steel aluminum or copper. the blades are replaceable and it is important to choose the right blade for the material that is going to be cut. Drilling - ANS: done to make small holes in wood or metal Boring - ANS: When large holes are made in the wood Drill Bits - ANS: used for drilling holes

Right-Hand Drill Bits - ANS: cut by rotating clockwise direction Left-Hand Drill Bit - ANS: made to cut in the opposite direction Hole Saws - ANS: used for boring large holes. not adjustable so each one is only capable of drilling one size f a hole Variable Speed Drills - ANS: desgined to operate over a range of speeds that can be determined by the position of the trigger Lineman Pliers - ANS: used for cutting and bending heavy gauge wire Diagonal Cutter - ANS: Pliers that made exclusively for cutting Needle Nose pliers - ANS: used for holding small objects in tight places. Locking Pliers - ANS: will lock tightly in place for holding or clamping objects together Soldering - ANS: a process that joins metals by bonding a metal alloy to their srufaces Low temperatures Fasteners - ANS: Most man-made assemblies are held together by this Nuts - ANS: Thread onto bolt or machine screws to clamp assemblies together. They Will have either a square head or hexagonal head, and can be locked into position using several methods. Wing Nuts - ANS: are used when it is necessary to disassemble a components by hand. The two "wings" are attached to the nut make it easy to tighten and loosen without the air of hand tools. Welding - ANS: used when joining metals. High temperatures

Castellated nut - ANS: uses a cotter pin to lock it into place, which must pass through a hole in the bolt or stud that the unt its threaded on. Lock nuts - ANS: nylon insert incorporated into its threads that provides enough interference to prevent the nut from loosening Consecutive numbers - ANS: numbers that follow one after another in order, without any skipping Factor - ANS: A positive interget that divides evenly into a given number with no remainder add fractions - ANS: common denominator add up the numeratoes Multiply fractions - ANS: Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators DivideFractions - ANS: invert the second fractions and multiply. Compare Fractions - ANS: Multiply the numerator of the first fraction by the denominator of the second fraction to get a second product