Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Public Health

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ASWB LCSW Developmental Stages

Questions And Answers.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - \18 months - 3 years The toddler realizes that he is a separate person with his own desires and abilities. He wants to do things for himself without help or hindrance from other people. The toddler's favorite word is "No." Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - \Learning to control one's bodily functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - \Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - \balance between these two would lead to will, which is the belief that children can act with intention, within reason and limits. Trust vs. Mistrust - \Infant - 18 months the child is utterly dependent upon adult caregivers for everything that they need to survive including food, love, warmth, safety, and nurturing. Trust vs. Mistrust - \If a child successfully completes this stage, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to complete this stage successfully will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. Trust vs. Mistrust - \Children acquire hope, described as an openness to experience tempered by some wariness that danger may be present. Initiative vs. Guilt - \3 - 5 years children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions. Initiative vs. Guilt - \Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of self-doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt - \During this stage a willingness to work with others is achieved, the ego quality known as purpose emerges. Industry vs. Inferiority - \5 - 13 years children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. Industry vs. Inferiority - \Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful. Industry vs. Inferiority - \Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial development leads to the strength known as competence or a belief our own abilities to handle the tasks set before us. Identity vs. Confusion - \13 - 21 years takes place during the sometimes turbulent teenage years. This stage plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity which will continue to influence behavior and development for the rest of a person's life. Identity vs. Confusion - \Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. Identity vs. Confusion - \Completing this stage successfully leads to fidelity, described as an ability to live by society's standards and expectations. Intimacy vs. Isolation - \21 - 39 years This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships. Intimacy vs. Isolation - \Vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful at this step will form relationships that are enduring and secure. Intimacy vs. Isolation - \Successful resolution of this stage results in the virtue known as love. It is marked by the ability to form lasting, meaningful relationships with other people.

Generativity vs. Stagnation - \40 - 64 years During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Generativity vs. Stagnation - \Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world. Generativity vs. Stagnation - \Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully. Being proud of your accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a sense of unity with your life partner are important accomplishments of this stage. Integrity vs. Despair - \65 + years occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. Integrity vs. Despair - \people look back on the events of their lives and determine if they are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do. Integrity vs. Despair - \Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness Integrity vs. Despair - \Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. The sensorimotor stage - \from birth to age 2; During this stage, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. The sensorimotor stage - \At this point in development, a child's intelligence consists of their basic motor and sensory explorations of the world. The sensorimotor stage - \understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, was an important element at this point of development. By learning that objects are separate and distinct entities and that they have an existence of their own outside of individual perception, children are then able to begin to attach names and words to objects. The preoperational stage -

\from age 2 to about age 7; At this stage, kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people. The preoperational stage - \Children often struggle with understanding the ideal of constancy, or conservation of mass. The concrete operational stage - \At this point, children also become less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel. The concrete operational stage - \from age 7 to 11; Kids at this point of development begin to think more logically, but their thinking can also be very rigid. They tend to struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts. The concrete operational stage - \Kids in this stage stage also begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings, and opinions. The formal operational stage - \begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood; involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. The formal operational stage - \At this point, people become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them.