ATI TEAS Practice Tests Biology Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

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ATI TEAS PRACTICE TESTS BIOLOGY Questions With

100% Correct Answers 2024

What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway? a) trachea b) esophagus c) diagram d) epiglottis (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) epiglottis Which substance makes up the pads that provide support between the vertebrae? a) bone b) cartilage c) tendon d) fat (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) cartilage Where is the parathyroid gland located? a) neck b) back c) side d) brain (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) neck Which element w/in the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs? a) bronchial tubes b) cilia c) trachea d) alveoli (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) cilia (READ STARRED BULLET POINT****)

• the cilia are the tiny hairs in the respiratory system that are responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs

the cilia are located within the BRONCHIAL TUES, BUT it is the cilia that have the responsibility for removing inappropriate materials b4 they enter the lungs Organized from high to low, the hierarchy of the human body's structure is as follows: organism, organ system, organs, tissues Which of the following comes next? a) molecules b) atoms c) cells d) muscle (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) cells after cells comes molecules & then atoms On average, how many neutrons does one atom of bromine (Br) have? NOTE:

• atomic #= 35
• atomic mass= 79. a) 35 b) 44. c) 45 d) 79. (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) 44. to determine the number of neutrons (n), subtract the atomic number (35) from the atomic mass (79.9) 79.9 - 35 = 44. On average, how many protons does one atom of zinc (Zn) have? NOTE:
• atomic # = 30
• atomic mass = 65. a) 30 b) 35 c) 35.

d) 65. (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) 30

• The number of protons is the atomic number
• The number of protons is the same for every atom of a given element What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood? a) osmosis b) diffusion c) dissipation d) reverse osmosis (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) diffusion cannot be osmosis- osmosis is the movement of a solution from an area of low conc to an area of higher conc through a permeable membrane cannot be dissipation- dissipation is any wasteful consumption or use cannot be reverse osmosis- a process for purifying a solution by forcing it through a membrane that blocks only certain pollutants Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels? a) parathyroid glands b) thyroid glands c) adrenal glands d) pancreas (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) parathyroid glands "The parathyroid glands are 4 small glands that sit on top of the thyroid gland and regulate calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone. The hormone regulates the amount of CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM that is excreted by the KIDNEYS into the URINE" Which secretion of the digestive system is responsible for water reabsorption? a) large intestine b) duodenum c) small intestine

d) gallbladder (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) large intestine LI main functions:

• reabsorption of water into body to form solid waste**
• allows for absorption of vit K Which of the following describes one responsibility of the integumentary system? a) distributing vital substances (such as nutrients) throughout the body b) blocking pathogens that cause diseases c) sending leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels d) storing bodily hormones that influence gender traits (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) blocking pathogens that cause diseases "The integumetnary system includes skin, hair, & mucous membranes, all of which are responsible (in part) for blocking disease-causing pathogens from entering the blood stream" IT CANNOT be A b/c the circulatory system distributes vital substances through the body IT CANNOT be C b/c the lymphatic system sends leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels IT CANNOT be D b/c the reproductive system stores bodily hormones that influence gender traits When are the parasympathetic nerves active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) when an individual is either resting or eating

When are the sympathetic nerves active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) when an individual experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement When are the sensory neurons active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) when an individual feels pain or heat When are the sensory-somatic ns active w/in the nervous system? When an individual.... a) experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement b) feels pain or heat c) is either talking or walking d) is either resting or eating (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) when an individual is either talking or walking Which of the following best describes the relationship b/w the circulation system & the integumentary system a) removal of excess heat from body b) hormonal influence on bp c) regulation of blood's pressure and volume d) development of blood cells w/in marrow (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) removal of excess heat from body "the integumentary system (ie: skin, hair, etc) coordinates with the circulatory system to remove excess heat from the body. The superficial blood vessels (nearest the skin surface) dilate to allow the heat to exit the body"

NOT B b/c the hormonal influence on bp is the result of the relationship b/w the circulatory system and the endocrine system NOT C b/c the urinary system is responsible for assisting in the regulation of blood's pressure and volume NOT D b/c the skeletal system is responsible for assisting in the development of blood vessels w/in the marrow The hormonal influence on bp is the result of the relationship between the circulatory system & the? system (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS Endocrine System The? system is responsible for assisting in the regulation of blood's pressure and volume (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS Urinary System The? system is responsible for assisting in the development of blood vessels w/in the marrow - CORRECT ANSWER IS Skeletal System Once blood has been oxygenated, it travels through the pulmonary veins, through the left atrium, and then through the? before entering the left ventricle a) tricuspid valve b) mitral valve c) pulmonary arteries d) aorta (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) mitral valve The part of the human excretory system most responsible for maintaining normal body temperature is the: a) kidney b) bladder c) liver d) sweat glands (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) sweat glands

NOTE: the kidney, bladder, & liver are not involved in regulating body temperature A part of which body system controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D? a) skeletal system b) muscular system c) lymphatic system d) integumentary system (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) integumentary system (includes skin, hair, mucous membranes) There are three insects that are being compared under a microscope .....Which unit of measurement would be best for this situation? a) centimeters b) meters c) micrometers d) kilometers (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) micrometers (smallest unit of measurement; note also using microscope to measure so it is very small) The respiratory system? oxygen and? carbon dioxide a) inhales; exhales b) delivers; expels c) creates; absorbs d) exhales; inhales (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) delivers; expels Our respiratory systems (RS) INHALE AIR, of which oxygen is one component. From that inhaled air, the RS DELIVERS OXYGEN Through gas exchange, it EXPELS CARBON DIOXIDE from the body as we EXHALE ** We do not use our RS to exhale o2 or inhale co (re: d)

What is the name for any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies a) collagen b) hemoglobin c) lymph d) antigen (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) antigen The name for a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies is an antigen. An antigen is any substance perceived by the immune system as dangerous. When the body senses an antigen, it produces an antibody Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? a) lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, & bone marrow b) brain, spinal cord, & nerve cells c) heart, veins, arteries, & capillaries d) nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, & diaphragm (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, & bone marrow Which of the following cannot exist in RNA? a) uracil b) thymine c) cytosine d) guanine (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) thymine In which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner? a) cardiac b) smooth c) skeletal d) rough (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) smooth

smooth muscle tissue is said to be arranged in a disorderly fashion b/c it is NOT STRIATED like the other 2 types of muscle (cardiac and skeletal) Rough muscle does not exist (1) Identify the tissue(s) that is/are striated (2) Identify the tissue(s) that is/are NOT striated a) cardiac b) smooth c) skeletal d) rough (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS (1) Striated

• a- cardiac
• c- skeletal (2) Not Striated
• a- smooth ** rough does not exist!! Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland? a) insulin b) testosterone c) melatonin d) epinephrin (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) melatonin MELATONIN= primary function is regulation of the circadian cycle (rhythum of sleep/wakefulness) INSULIN= helps regulate the amount of glucose in the body
• w/o insulin, the body is unable to convert blood sugar into energy TESTOSTERONE= the main hormone produced by the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics

EPINEPHRINE= AKA ADRENALINE; quickens/strengthens the heartbeat & dilates the bronchioles; secreted when the body senses danger In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to one? for the traits to develop correctly a) codon b) protein c) amino acid d) chromosome (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) protein Which of the following is not composed of skeletal muscle a) quadriceps b) uterus c) triceps d) gastrocnemius (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) uterus SKELETAL MUSCLES are voluntary muscles that help support the skeletal structures (ex: biceps, triceps, quads, gluteus, gastrocnemius muscles, etc) SMOOTH MUSCLES are involuntary muscles primarily found in the visceral organs (ex: intestines, prostate, reproductive organs, bladder, trachea) Which of the following best describes the careful ordering of molecules w/in solids that have a fixed shape? a) physical bonding b) polar molecules c) metalloid structure d) crystalline order (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) crystalline order "solids with a fixed shape have a crystalline order that defines and maintains that shape" Which of the following structures move downward during inspiration?

a) lungs b) diaphragm c) ribs d) heart (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) diaphragm The diaphragm moves downward or contracts to increase the space in the thoracic cavity. This downward motion inflates the lungs and contracts the ribs. The heart's position does not change during inspiration or expiration Which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout the cell? a) golgi apparatus b) endoplasmic reticulum c) mitochondria d) nucleolus (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) endoplasmic reticulum Note: the golgi apparatus assists in the transport but the ER is the actual transport network Which of the following statements is correct about normal human lung anatomy? R= right; L= left a) the R lung has 3 lobes; the L lung has 2 lobes b) the R lung has 2 lobes; the L lung has 3 lobes c) both lungs have 2 lobes d) both lungs have 3 lobes (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) the right lung has 3 lobes; the left lung has 2 lobes All of the following belong together except: a) ventricle b) alveoli c) atrium d) septum

(Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) alveoli ALVEOLI are air sacs found w/in the lung parenchyma and are not part of the cardiac system (a,c,d are part of cardiac system) SEPTUM= is the dividing wall b/w the R and L sides of the heart ATRIUM= Upper 2 chambers of the heart VENTRICLE= Lower 2 chambers of the heart Which system's primary function is to release hormones? a) cardiovascular b) endocrine c) integumentary d) immune (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) endocrine The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testicles. They secrete hormones that help regulate mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes The heart is located in which of the following areas? a) pelvic b) abdominopelvic c) abdominal d) thoracic (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) thoracic The thoracic cavity extends from the neck to the diaphragm Major structures of the thoracic cavity are ribs, heart, lungs, mediastinum, trachea, and the esophagus

A substance is considered acidic if it has a pH (LESS/MORE?) than 7 - CORRECT ANSWER IS Less than 7 Which of the following choices best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus? a) lateral b) anterior c) posterior d) dorsal (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) anterior A triple beam balance would show the units of measurement in which form? a) liters b) grams c) meters d) gallons (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) grams A triple beam balance measures the weight of an object Which of the following best describes one of the roles of RNA? a) manufacturing the proteins needed for DNA b) creating the bonds b/w the elements that compose DNA c) sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA d) forming the identifiable "double helix" shape of DNA (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA Which of the following do CATALYSTS alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction a) substrate energy b) activation energy c) inhibitor energy d) promoter energy

(Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) activation energy How many layers of skin do humans have? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 (Test 1) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) 3 3 Layers of skin called the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat Which item in the following list is NOT one of the major types of bones in the human body? a) dense bone b) long bone c) short bone d) irregular bone (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) dense bone The human body has 5 types of bones:

• long
• short
• irregular
• flat
• sesamoid While bones may be dense, this is not a major category of bones in the body Which of the following bone types is embedded in tendons? a) long bones b) sesamoid bones c) flat bones d) verticle bones (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) sesamoid bones Which of the following is not a product of respiration? a) carbon dioxide

b) water c) glucose d) ATP (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) glucose "In respiration, food is used to produce energy as glucose and oxygen that reaction to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP" Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is: a) the aorta b) the vena cava c) the pulmonary artery d) the capillaries (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) the pulmonary artery Test 2 #10- see p Since the pulmonary artery is the last step b4 replenishment of the blood's oxygen content, it contains the blood which is the most oxygen depleted Which layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart? a) pericardium b) epicardium c) endocardium d) myocardium (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) myocardium The myocardium is the layer of the heart that contains the muscle fibers responsible for contraction HINT: MYO is the prefix for muscle The endocardium & epicardium are the inner and outer layers of the heart wall the pericardium is the sac in which the heart sits inside the chest cavity Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart? a) pulmonary vein b) pulmonary artery

c) aorta d) superior vena cava (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) pulmonary vein TRICKY QUESTION! Most of the time veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood However, in this case, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs How is meiosis similar to mitosis? a) both produce daughter cells that are genetically identical b) both produce daughter cells that are genetically different c) both occur in humans, other animals, and plants d) both occur asexually (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) both occur in humans, other animals, and plants MITOSIS produces cells that are genetically IDENTICAL ONLY mitosis occurs ASEXUALLY MEIOSIS produces cells that are genetically DIFFERENT How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome? a) DNA carries genetic info from RNA to the cell cytoplasm b) RNA carries genetic info from DNA to the cell cytoplasm c) DNA and RNA carry genetic info from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm d) DNA and RNA do not interact w/in the cell (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) RNA carries genetic info from DNA to the cell cytoplasm DNA is the primary carrier of genetic info in most cells RNA serves as a messenger that transmits genetic info from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the: a) mouth b) stomach

c) small intestine d) large intestine (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) small intestine Food passes thru the SI.... (SI= where nutrients are absorbed) ....and then into the LI (LI= where extra water is absorbed) Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype: a) brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight b) CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis c) black hair that grows rapidly d) being a fast runner (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis GENOTYPE= describes a person's genetic makeup PHENOTYPE= describes a person's observable characteristics Among the choices, the CFTR gene refers to genetic makeup while the other choices describe traits that are observable Where is the interstitial fluid found? a) in the blood an in the lymphatic vessels b) in the tissues around cells c) in the cells d) in the ventricles of the brain (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) in the tissues around cells INTERSTITIAL FLUID INTRACELLULAR FLUID is found w/in the cells (c) CEREBROSPINAL FLUID is found in the ventricles of the brain and down into the spinal cord (d)

BLOOD & LYMPH are the fluids that carry nutrients, oxygen, waste, and lymph material throughout the body (a) Which type of cell secretes antibodies? a) bacterial cell b) viral cell c) lymph cell d) plasma cell (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) plasma cell Plasma cells secrete antibodies **** What type of molecules are enzymes? a) water molecules b) protein molecules c) tripolar molecules d) inorganic molecules (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) protein molecules Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland? a) hypothalamus b) adrenal gland c) testes d) pancreas (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) hypothalamus ADRENAL GLANDS lie above the kidneys, secrete steroidal hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine (b) PANCREAS secretes insulin and a fluid that aids in digestion (d) Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? a) alveoli b) bronchi c) larynx d) pharyn

(Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) alveoli ALVEOLI= the minute air sacs on the interior of the lungs BRONCHI= large cartilage-based tubes of air; they extend from the trachea into the lungs, where they branch apart LARYNX= houses the vocal cords, is positioned b/w the trachea and the pharynx; is involved in swallowing, breathing, and speaking In order to enter the BRONCHI or LARYNX, air and other matters must pass through the PHARYNX The PHARYNX extends from the nose to the uppermost portion of the trachea and esophagus All of the following belong together except: a) trachea b) bronchi c) esophagus d) larynx (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) esophagus **** The esophagus is the only structure that is not part of the respiratory system; it is part of the digestive system **** An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom? a) neutral b) positive c) negative d) undetermined (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) negative protons= + neutrons= neutral electrons = -

Which of the following best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order? a) vein, nerve, artery b) artery, vein, nerve c) vein, artery, nerve d) nerve, vein, artery (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) vein, artery, nerve Which of the following is true regarding the primary function of the spleen? a) it produces bile to emulsify fats b) it filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood c) it helps control blood glucose levels and regulates bp d) it regulates blood clotting factors (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) it filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood The spleen's job is to filter the blood by removing dead or dying red blood cells as well as microorganisms Which of the following is a protein that interferes with virus protection? a) lysozyme b) prion c) interferon d) keratin (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) interferon INTERFERE "Interferons are members of a larger class of proteins called cytokines. Cytokines are specialized proteins that carry large signals b/w cells. Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells infected by pathogens such as viruses. They signal neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins which help prevent the spread of infection" Which of the following does not contain blood vessels? a) hyperdermis

b) hypodermis c) dermis d) epidermis (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) epidermis What structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty? a) hypothalamus b) midbrain c) basal ganglia d) hippocampus (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) hypothalamus Hypothalamus also helps regulate temperature, sleep, emotions, sexual function, and behavior Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure? a) arteries b) arteriole c) venule d) vein (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) vein VEINS carry oxygen-poor blood from the outlying pats of the body to the heart An ARTERY carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the peripheral parts of the body An ARTERIOLE extends from an artery to a capillary A VENULE is a tiny vein that extends from a capillary to a large vein Which of the heart chambers is the most muscular? a) left atrium b) right atrium c) left ventricle d) right ventricle (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) left ventricle

Which part of the brain interprets sensory information? a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) cerebrum CEREBRUM= interprets sensory info; largest part of the brain CEREBELLUM= controls voluntary and involuntary movements MEDULLA OBLONGATA= responsible for blood flow and breathing among other things Which part of the brain controls voluntary and involuntary movements? a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) cerebellum Which part of the brain is responsible for blood flow and breathing (among other things as well) a) cerebrum b) hindbrain c) cerebellum d) medulla oblongata (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) medulla oblongata A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity? a) passive natural immunity b) active natural immunity c) active artificial immunity d) passive artificial immunity (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) active artificial immunity

"A vaccination is a way of acquiring active artificial immunity, where antigen is deliberately induced into an individual to stimulate the immune system" Which component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate? a) central NS b) sympathetic NS c) parasympathetic NS d) distal NS (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) parasympathetic NS Which component of the nervous system is responsible for accelerating the heart rate? a) central NS b) sympathetic NS c) parasympathetic NS d) distal NS (Test 2) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) sympathetic NS Which of the following is NOT classified as a synovial joint? a) femur and pelvis b) skull bone c) humerus and ulna d) humerus and scapula (Kaplan p203 skeletal system) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) skull bones Recall that synovial joints are MOVABLE joints Types of synovial joints are the pivot, the ball-and-socket, and the hinge A defect in which of the following parts of bone would be most likely to result in stunted growth? a) diaphysis b) epiphysis c) epiphyseal plate d) periosteum (Kaplan p205 skeletal system) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) epiphyseal plate Epiphyseal Plate (growth plate), is the site of new bone growth

DEFNS for other options:

• DIAPHYSIS: the cylindrical shaft of the long bone
• EPIPHYSIS: the dilated ends of long bone
• PERIOSTEUM: a fibrous sheath, surrounds and protects the bone An overactivation of which of the following bone cells could lead to osteoperosis? a) osteon b) osteoblast c) osteoclast d) osteocyte (Kaplan p207 skeletal system) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) osteoclast recall, osteoporosis results from a demineralization of bone, thus the function of the cell responsible for osteoporosis must be breaking down bone osteoclasts "cleave" or break down bone Drugs designed to treat osteoporosis would most likely increase the activity of which of the following bone cells? a) osteoblast b) osteoclast c) osteocyte d) osteon (Kaplan p208) - CORRECT ANSWER IS a) osteoblast Which of the following bones can be characterized as a long bone? a) carpal b) humerus c) pelvis d) vertebra (Kaplan p208) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) humerus The autonomic nervous system would be involved in all of the following EXCEPT a) digesting a meal b) exhaling after holding your breath c) maintaining blood pressure d) jerking away from a painful stimulus

(Kaplan p211) - CORRECT ANSWER IS d) jerking away from a painful stimulus ANS regulates body processes that do not require conscious control. The ANS carries impulses b/w smooth and cardiac muscle and the CNS Re: D- reacting to a painful stimulus is a reflex action under involuntary control. However, reflex actions are controlled by skeletal muscles- this is therefor NOT regulated by the ANS NOT A- b/c digestion is an involuntary process involving the smooth muscle of the stomach and intestions and glandular secretions (FOR MORE INFO SEE P211) Which of the following neuromuscular processes are involved in chemical digestion? a) autonomic control by the sciatic nerve b) somatic control by the vagus nerve c) smooth muscle contraction in the small intestine d) skeletal muscle contraction in the stomach (Kaplan p212) - CORRECT ANSWER IS c) smooth muscle contraction in the small intestine Recall that chemical digestion is an involuntary process that occurs primarily in the stomach and intestines

• predict that the correct answer will involve either smooth muscle or autonomic nerves Muscular contraction will only occur if a) acetylcholine is released by the dendrite b) an action potential travels down the axon c) all the motor units are activated d) the muscle tissue is polarized (Kaplan p214) - CORRECT ANSWER IS b) an action potential travels down the axon Recall that muscle contraction begins with the polarization of the dendrite and ends with the binding of actin and myosin NOT A- b/c ach is released at the synapse, not the dendrite (and is only 1 of many neurotransmitters)