ATLS Exam With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

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ATLS Exam With 100% Correct And

Verified Answers 2024

causes of airway obstruction (6) - Correct Answer-consciousness trauma burns blood/vomit foreign body drugs A: initial approach - Correct Answer-assume c-spine injury present until excluded: immobilise assess airway manage obstruction if necessary signs of airway obstruction (4) - Correct Answer-snoring stridor hoarseness silent immobilising c-spine - Correct Answer-manual in-line stabilisation collar +- blocks how to manage airway obstruction (3) - Correct Answer-remove foreign body - forceps/suction basic manoeuvres - jaw thrust (avoid tilt due to c-spine) airway adjuncts B: initial approach - Correct Answer-high flow O2: 15L/min via non-rebreather mask supplement with bag valve mask if RR < 10/min B: inspection (3) - Correct Answer-thoracic injury respiratory effort chest wall movement (symmetrical? paradoxical?) B: obs (2) - Correct Answer-RR SpO B: palpation (4) - Correct Answer-trachea - central? chest wall expansion rib fractures wounds

B: percussion - Correct Answer-dull = fluid/blood hyperresonant = gas B: auscultation - Correct Answer-air entry added sounds specific conditions to look for in B (5) - Correct Answer-tension pneumothorax open pneumothorax massive haemothorax flail chest cardiac tamponade tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer-internal air leak into pleural cavity increases pressure on mediastinum decrease venous return to heart -> cardiac arrest tension pneumothorax clinical features (7) - Correct Answer-resp distress ++ hypoxia tracheal deviation engorged neck veins hyperresonant percussion decreased breath sounds reduced chest expansion tension pneumothorax management (3) - Correct Answer-supplemental O needle decompression definitive chest drain needle decompression of tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer-wide-bore needle inserted over rib below (avoid NV bundle) mid-clavicular space 2nd ICS hear a hiss - immediate relief definitive chest drain for tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer-surgical or seldinger technique 5th ICS mid axillary line open pneumothorax - Correct Answer-open chest wound acting as one way valve air accumulates in pleural space open pneumothorax clinical features (4) - Correct Answer-open thoracic wound - could be hidden (remember exposure & log roll) 'sucking' chest wound resp distress + hypoxia

open pneumothorax risks - Correct Answer-eventually pressure build-up -> lung collapse can easily develop tension pneumothorax management open pneumothorax (4) - Correct Answer-ventilatory support 3-sided dressing definitive chest drain wound management 3-sided dressing in open pneumothorax - Correct Answer-sealed on 3 sides ONLY occlusive on inspiration allows air escape on expiration massive haemothorax - Correct Answer-large vol intrathoracic haemorrhage from either internal or external trauma clinical features of massive haemothorax (5) - Correct Answer-resp distress hypoxia dull percussion no air entry on auscultation haemodynamic instability (due to haemorrhage) management of massive haemothorax (4) - Correct Answer-ventilatory support circulatory support (fluids, blood) surgical chest drain definitive management of intrathoracic injury flail chest - Correct Answer-independent movement of part of ribcage due to multiple rib fractures on each of two or more adjacent ribs clinical features of flail chest (6) - Correct Answer-section of ribcage has paradoxical movement to rest of chest wall

• indrawing on inspiration/out on expiration unable to facilitate lung expansion pain resp distress hypoxia management of flail chest (3) - Correct Answer-ventilatory support analgesia likely to need CCU admission C: assessing blood loss - Correct Answer-on the floor and four more: floor, thorax, abdo, pelvis, long bones C: signs of circulatory compromise (6) - Correct Answer-pallor

dry mucosae poor peripheral perfusion (pulses, CRT, temp) low BP oliguria decreased consciousness C: management haemodynamic compromise - Correct Answer-control obvious source - tourniquet/pelvic binder/splint fracures replace losses - fluid resus, x match bloods, tranexamic acid massive haemothorax - volume - Correct Answer->1500 ml in pleural cavity cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity features of cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-Beck's triad: hypotension jugular venous distension muffled heart sounds cause of hypotension in cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-decreased stroke vol cause of jugular venous distension in cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-impaired venous return to heart cause of muffled heart sounds in cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-fluid in pericardium management cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-pericardiocentesis under US guidance shock - Correct Answer-circulatory failure inadequate O2 delivery to meet metabolic demands results in end organ hypoxia lethal triad of trauma - Correct Answer-hypothermia acidosis coagulopathy types of shock (5) - Correct Answer-haemorrhagic cardiogenic neurogenc septic anaphylactic D: assessment (3) - Correct Answer-GCS/AVPU

pupil reactivity/size/symmetry BG head injury, shock, drugs, metabolic GCS breakdown - Correct Answer-E4V5M6 = 15 total GCS E4 - Correct Answer-spontaneous eye opening GCS E3 - Correct Answer-eye opening to speech GCS E2 - Correct Answer-eyes open to pain GCS E1 - Correct Answer-no eye opening GCS V5 - Correct Answer-oriented GCS V4 - Correct Answer-responds appropriately but confused GCS V3 - Correct Answer-inappropriate words GCS V2 - Correct Answer-incomprehensible sounds (moaning) GCS V1 - Correct Answer-no verbal/sounds GCS M6 - Correct Answer-obeys commands GCS M5 - Correct Answer-localises to pain GCS M4 - Correct Answer-withdraws from pain GCS M3 - Correct Answer-flexion to pain GCS M2 - Correct Answer-abnormal extension to pain

• decerebrate response GCS M1 - Correct Answer-no motor response E: commonly missed injury sites (6) - Correct Answer-back of head back buttocks perineum axillae skin folds secondary survey - Correct Answer-patient stable systematic top-to-toe exam

log roll life-threatening conditions acronym - Correct Answer-ATOM FC ATOM FC - Correct Answer-Airway obstruction Tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Massive haemothorax Flail chest Cardiac tamponade