ATLS Post Test -with 100% verified solutions- 2024-2025.docx, Exams of Nursing

Download ATLS Post Test -with 100% verified solutions- 2024-2025.docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ATLS Post Test -with 100% verified solutions- 2024-2025 1. Regarding airway compromise, which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of this emergency?: A Change in voice tone. B Stridor. C Decreased pulse pressure. D Dyspnea and agitation. E Tachypnea. 2. A 26 year - old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after being involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is 30 weeks pregnant. She was restrained with a lap and shoulder belt, and an airbag deployed. Which one of the following statements best describes the risk of injury?: A The deployment of the airbag increases the risk of fetal loss. B The use of seatbelts is associated with increased risk of maternal death. C The mechanism of injury suggests the need for emergency caesarean section due to the risk of impending abruptio placentae. D The risk of premature fetal delivery and death is reduced by the use of restraints. E The deployment of the airbag increases the risk of maternal abdominal injury. 3. Regarding cardiac tamponade, which of the following statements is CORRECT?: A Is definitively managed by needle pericardiocentesis. B Is most common with blunt thoracic trauma and anterior rib fractures. C Is easily diagnosed by discovery of Beck's triad in the emergency department. D Is indicated by Kussmaul breathing. E Requires surgical intervention. 4. A 24 year - old man is brought to the Emergency Department after falling from a bull. He is immobilized on a long spine board with a hard collar and blocks. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding cervical spine xrays: A Will show cervical spine injury in more than 20% of these patients. B Will exclude cervical spine injury if no abnormalities are found on the xrays. C Are not needed if she is awake, alert, neurologically normal, and has no neck pain or midline tenderness. D Should be performed before addressing potential breathing or circulatory problems. E May show atlantooccipital dislocation if the Power's ratio is less than 1. 5. Regarding injuries of solid abdominal organs, which is the most specific test for their evaluation?: A Abdominal x-rays. B Abdominal ultrasonography. injuries, is lethargic, and is in severe respiratory distress. Respiratory support is not effective using a bag - mask device, and her oxygen saturation is falling. Repeated attempts at orotracheal intubation are unsuccessful. The most appropriateprocedure to perform next is A Administer heliox and racemic epinephrine. B Perform nasotracheal intubation. C Perform surgical cricothyroidotomy. D Repeat orotracheal intubation. E Perform needle cricothyroidotomy with jet insufflation. 15. A 32 year - old gentleman is brought to the Emergency Department after being assaulted and beaten up. His chest shows multiple severe bruises. His airway is clear, respiratory rate is 22, heart rate is 126, and systolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg. Which of the following should be performed during the primary survey? A Glasgow Coma Score. B Tetanus toxoid administration. C Cervical spine xray. D Blood alcohol level. E Rectal exam. 16. A 29 year - old mountaineer is rescued by a medicalized helicopter and brought to a Traum Centre due to severe injuries: a forearm fracture, a mid - thigh amputation, and open fracture with bleeding, an unstable pelvic fracture and bilateral femur fractures with obvious deformity. Which one of these injuries should be addressed in the secondary survey? A Forearm fracture. B Mid-thigh amputation. C Open fracture with bleeding. D Unstable pelvic fracture. E Bilateral femur fractures with obvious deformity. 17. A 18 year - old boy from a gang band is stabbed in the right chest during a gang fight. On arrival to the Emergency Department, he is very short of breath. His heart rate is 122 and his blood pressure is 78/47 mm Hg. His neck veins are flat. On auscultation of the chest, there is diminished air entry on the right side, and there is dullness posteriorly on percussion, These findings are most consistent with A Tension pneumothorax. B Pericardial tamponade. C Hypovolemia from liver injury. D Hemothorax. E Spinal cord injury. 18. Regarding thermal injuries, which of the following is CORRECT? A Chemical burns require the immediate removal of clothing. B Patients who sustain thermal injury are at lower risk for hypothermia. C Patients with circumferential truncal burns need prompt fasciotomies. D Electrical burns are associated with extensive skin necrosis. E The Parkland formula should be used to determine adequacy of resuscitation. 19. A 18 year - old man is brough to the Emergency Department after being involved in a car crash. He is unconscious and was intubated at the scene by emergency medical personnel. Upon arrival at the Emergency Department, the patient's oxygen saturation is 92%, heart rate is 96, and blood pressure is 150/85 mm Hg. Breath sounds are decreased on the left side of the thorax. The next step is A Immediate needle cricothyroidotomy. B Immediate needle thoracentesis. C Chest tube insertion. D Reassess the position of the endotracheal tube. E Obtain a chest xray. 20. Regarding traumatic brain injury, which of the following statements is CORRECT? A Elevated intracranial pressure will not affect cerebral perfusion. B Cerebrospinal fluid cannot be displaced from the cranial vault. C Cerebral blood flow is increased when the PacO2 is below 30 mm Hg. D Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow normally occurs between mean arterial pressures of 50 to 150 mm Hg. E Hypotonic fluids should be used to limit brain edema in patients with severe head injury. 21. A 22 year - old man is assaulted and stabbed in the abdomen in the car park of the hospital. He is brought to the Emergency Department where his blood pressure shows 85/60 mm Hg with heart rate of 130, respiratory rate of 25 bpm, and Glasgow Coma Scale score is 14. Neck veins are flat, and chest examination is clear with bilateral breath sounds. Optimal resuscitation should include A Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and platelets. B 500 mL of hypertonic saline and transfusion of packed red blood cells. C Resuscitation with crystalloid and packed red blood cells until base excess is normal. D Preparation for laparotomy while initiating fluid resuscitation. E Fluid resuscitation and angioembolization. 22. Regarding initial resuscitation in an adult trauma patient, which of the following statements is CORRECT? patient's management is A Splenic artery embolization. B Pneumococcal vaccine. C Transfer to a pediatrician. D Urgent laparotomy. E Surgical consultation. 31. A 26 year - old woman is brought to the Emergency Department after being injuried in a car accident. Her initial blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, and her heart rate is 122 bpm. She responds to the rapid infusion of 1 L of crystalloid solution with a rise in her blood pressure to 118/88 mm Hg and a decrease in her heart rate to 90 bpm. Her pressure then suddenly decreases to 96/66 mm Hg. The least likely cause of her hemodynamic change is A Traumatic brain injury. B Ongoing blood loss. C Blunt cardiac injury. D Inadequate resuscitation. E Tension pneumothorax. 32. Regarding limb threatening extremity injuries, which of the following statements is CORRECT? A Require a tourniquet. B Are characterized by the presence of ischemic or crushed tissue. C Should be definitively managed by application of a traction splint. D Are rarely present without an open wound. E Indicate a different order of priorities for the patient's initial assessment and resuscitation. 33. The first priority in the management of a long bone fracture is A Reduction of pain. B Prevention of infection in case of an open fracture. C Prevention of further soft tissue injury. D Control of hemorrhage. E Improve long term function. 34. Which one of the following statements regarding genitourinary injuries is CORRECT? A Urethral injuries are associated with pelvic fractures. B All patients with microscopic hematuria require evaluation of the genitourinary tract. C Patients presenting with gross hematuria and shock will have a major renal injury as the source of hemorrhage. D Intraperitoneal bladder injuries are usually managed definitively with a urinary catheter. E Urinary catheters should be placed in all patients with pelvic fractures during the primary survey. 35. A 25 year old male athlete is involved in a motorcycle crash. When he arrives in the emergency department, he shouts that he cannot move his legs. On physical examination, there are no abnormalities of the chest, abdomen, or pelvis. The patient has no sensation in his legs and cannot move them, but his arms are moving. The patient's respiratory rate is 22, heart rate is 88, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. He is pale and sweaty. What is the most likely cause of his condition? A Neurogenic shock. B Cardiac tamponade. C Myocardial contusion. D Hyperthermia. E Abdominal hemorrhage. 36. A 27 year - old male presents following a motorcycle crash. He complains of the inability to move or feel his legs. His blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, heart rate is 70 bpm, respiratory rate is 18 bpm, and Glasgow Coma Scale score is 15. Oxygen Saturation is 99% on 21 nasal prongs. Chest x-ray, pelvic X-ray, and FAST are normal. Extremities are normal. His management should be A 2L of IV crystalloid and two units of pRBCs (packed red blood cells). B 2 L of IV crystalloid, mannitol, and IV steroids. C 1 unit of albumin and compression stockings. D Vasopressors and laparotomy. E 2 L of crystalloid and vasopressors if BP does not respond. 37. Which one of the following physical findings does NOT suggest spinal cord injury as the cause of hypotension? A Priapism. B Bradycardia. C Distended neck veins. D Diaphragmatic breathing. E Ability to flex forearms but inability to extend them. 38. Regarding lateral cervical spine films, which of the following statements is CORRECT? A Must be performed in the primary survey. B Can exclude any significant spinal injury. C Should be combined with clinical exam, AP and odontoid, or CT. D Are indicated in all trauma patients. E Require the following films: oblique views, AP, odontoid, and flexion and extension views prior to spinal clearance in trauma patients. 39. A 28 year - old man is brought to the Emergency Department after falling 6 meters (20 feet). Clinical examination reveals an obvious flail chest on the right. The patient is tachypneic. Breath sounds are present and symmetrical. There is no significant hyperresonance or dullness. Arterial blood gases obtained while the patient receives oxygen by face mask are: Pao2 of 45 mm Hg (6 kPa), PaCO2of 28 mm Hg (3.7 kPa), and pH of 7.47. The component of injury that is most likely responsible for the abnormalities in the patient’s blood gases is A Hypoventilation. B Hypovolemia. C Small pneumothorax. D Pulmonary contusion. E Flail chest. 40. An 85 yearold male falls down five stairs and presents to the emergency department. From the following statements regarding his condition compared to a younger patient with a similar mechanism, which is NOT CORRECT? A He is more likely to have had a contracted circulatory volume prior to his injury. B His risk of cervical spine injury is increased due to degeneration, stenosis, and loss of disk compressibility. C Intracranial hemorrhage will become symptomatic more quickly. D His risk of occult fractures is increased. E His risk of bleeding may be increased.