ATPL Exam (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A+| 100% Correct, Exams of Advanced Education

Download ATPL Exam (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A+| 100% Correct and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! ATPL Exam (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Questions and Verified Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct What is the definition of "Land Immediately"? - Correct Answer-Land in the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during the approach, if required. What is the definition of "Land as soon as practical" ? - Correct Answer-Land at the nearest airport or other facility where emergency maintenance may be performed. What are the two situations that lead to a power failure what indicates when these situation are occurring? - Correct Answer-The two situations that lead to a power failure are: 1. Engine Failure 2. Drive System Failure These situations are usually indicated by the low RPM horn What are the indications of possible engine failure? - Correct Answer-1. Increase in noise level 2. Nose left yaw 3. Decreasing engine RPM 4. Oil Pressure Light (Tip: Casey said that if oil light is on, your engine is off) What are the indications of a possible drive system failure? - Correct Answer-1. Unusual noise and vibration 2. Nose left or right yaw 3. Decreasing rotor RPM when engine RPM is increasing What cyclic input is required when lowering collective in response to a power failure at high speed and forward CG? - Correct Answer-Aft cyclic input is required What cyclic input must be avoided during a touchdown autorotation or ground slide, and why? - Correct Answer- Avoid aft cyclic to prevent a possible blade strike to tailcone. What is the emergency procedure for a power failure above 500 feet AGL? - Correct Answer-1. Lower collective, right pedal, aft cyclic 2. Primer (if installed) down and locked 3. Throttle closed, then cracked slightly 4. Actutate starter with left hand Do not attempt until safe autorotation has been established or an engine malfunction is suspected. When should the engine restart procedure not be attempted? - Correct Answer-the engine restart procedure should not be attempted when an engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established. What is the emergency procedure for ditching with power off? Ditch: Water landing - Correct Answer-1. Follow same procedure as a power failure over land until contacting water. 2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop blades. 3. Release seat belt and clear aircraft when blades stop. What is the emergency procedure for ditching with power on? Ditch: Water landing - Correct Answer-1. Descend to a hover 2. Unlatch doors. 3. Passenger exit aircraft. 4. Fly away from passengers. 5. Switch battery and alternator off 5. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring 7. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective up as aircraft hits water 8. Apply left cyclic to stop blades 9. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when blades stop. What might indicate a loss of tail rotor thrust during forward flight or hover? - Correct Answer-A loss of tail rotor thrust is usually indicated b a nose right left taht cannot be corrected by applying left pedal. What is the emergency procedure for loss of tail rotor thrust during forward flight if directional control can not be maintained or a safe landing area is not available? - Correct Answer-1. Enter autorotation immediately 2. Maintain at least 70 KIAS airspeed. 3. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring and perform autorotational landing. (If directional control can be maintained and a safe landing area is not available, flight at 70 KIAS may be possible) If the aircraft loses tail rotor thrust during forward flight and a suitable landing area is not immediately available, what benefit vertical fin provide? - Correct Answer-Vertical fin may permit limited controlled flight at a very low power settings at airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however prior to reducing airspeed, pilot should re-enter full autorotation. What is the emergency procedure for a loss of tail rotor thrust during a hover? - Correct Answer-1. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring 2. Allow aircraft to settle 3. Raise collective before touchdown If an engine failure occurs while attempting to start on the ground, what action should be taken? Why? - Correct Answer- Continue attempt to start, which will suck the flames and excess fuel through the carburetor and into engine. If an engine fire occurs during start on the ground, and engine starts, what action should be taken? - Correct Answer-Run the 2. Engine cooling system 3. Various other ducts and fairing (oluklar ve kaplamalar) The tailcone is what type of structure, and what part of it carries the primary loads? - Correct Answer-The tailcone is a monocoque structure. the aluminium skins carry the primary loads. Where is the battery installed and how is it accessed? - Correct Answer-The battery is located: 1. Either beneath the instrument console in the nose 2. Or on the left side of the engine compartment. If it is installed in the nose, the instrument console hinges up and aft for access to the battery What does it mean when the fuel gauge reads ''E''? - Correct Answer-Fuel tank is Empty, except for a small amount of unusable fuel. What actuates the low-fuel warning light? - Correct Answer- The warning light is actuated by a separate electric sender located on the bottom of the fuel tank. Note: ''separate electric sender'' means that it is separate from the float-type transmitter for the fuel gauge. If an auxiliary fuel tank is installed, is it separate or interconnected to the main fuel tank and what does this mean in regard to fuel flow? - Correct Answer-The tanks are interconnected so only one fuel valve controls the fuel flow from both tanks. If an auxiliary fuel tank is installed, what components does it incorporate that are separate and independent from the main fuel tank? - Correct Answer-1- Air vent 2-Fuel quantity indicator 3-Sump drain What numeric values are associated with the electrical system? - Correct Answer-1- 14 volt system 2-60 ampere alternator 3-12 volt battery What does electrical system include? - Correct Answer-1- 14 volt, 60 ampere alternator 2- 12 volt battery 3- Voltage controller 4- Battery relay Where is the voltage controller located? - Correct Answer-On the right side of the verticel firewall. Where is the circuit breaker panel located? - Correct Answer- The circuit breakers are on the ledge just forward of the left seat. What type of circuit breakers are installed and how are the circuit breakers marked? - Correct Answer-Push to reset type circuit breakers are installed and they are marked to indicate function and amperage. What is the procedure if a circuit breaker trips? - Correct Answer-Wait a few seconds for it to cool, then reset the circuit breaker by pushing it on. Droop: Sarkık - Correct Answer-They provide a teeter hinge friction restraint, which normally prevents the rotor from teetering while stopping and starting. Restraint: Kısıtlama What are the tail rotor blades made of? - Correct Answer-They are all metal blades, constructed of aluminium skins and forged aluminium root fittings What are the tail rotor blades connected to? - Correct Answer- A teetering hub with a fixed coning angle. How are the tail rotor teeter hinge bearings lubricated? Lubricate: Yağlama - Correct Answer-the tailrotor teeter hinge bearings either have self-lubricated liners or are elastromeric Are there any means of cooling for the main rotor gear box? - Correct Answer-Yes, there is a cooling duct under gearbox that is connected to the top of engine shroud Shroud: Örtü How is the main rotor gearbox connected to the airframe? - Correct Answer-By four rubber mounts What type of gear set is contained in the tail rotor gear box and how is it lubricated? Lubricate: Yağlama - Correct Answer-The tail rotor gearbox contains a spiral-bevel gear that is splash lubricated What is the tail rotor gearbox output shaft made of, and why? - Correct Answer-Stainless steel to resist corrosion Describe the general powerplant that powers the R22 - Correct Answer-A lycoming four-cylinder, horizontally-opposed, overhead-valve, air-cooled, carburated engine a wet sump oil system powers the helicopter Are the governer, tachometers, and low rotor RPM warning horn on the same circuit? - Correct Answer-No. Each tachometer, the governor and low RPM warning horn are on separate circuits. What is the precone angle of tail rotor? - Correct Answer-1 degree 11 minutes What does the drive system consist of from engine to the upper sheave? - Correct Answer-Two double Vee-belts with a 0,8536:1 speed reducing ratio What does the drive system consist of from the upper sheave to the drive line? - Correct Answer-Sprag-type overrunning clutch What does the drive system consist of from the drive line to the main rotor? - Correct Answer-Spiral-bevel gears with 11:47 speed reducing ratio What does the drive system consist of from drive line to the tail rotor? - Correct Answer-Spiral-bevel gears with 3:2 speed increasing ratio Second detend: Transmits Where is the hourmeter located and what actuates it? - Correct Answer-The hourmeter is located forward of pilot's seat and is actuated by engine oil pressure If the intercom system in an R22 is not voice-activated or trigger-style, how is the PTT mode activated by the pilot? - Correct Answer-1. The INTCM buttons located at the cyclic grips 2. The additional foot-activated intercom button located on the left-hand forward door What do the engine cluster gauges include? - Correct Answer- 1. Ammeter 2. Oil Pressure 3. Oil Temperature 4. Cylinder head temperature 5. Fuel quantity for main tank 6. Fuel quantity for aux tank, if installed What standard flight instruments are included on a basic R22? - Correct Answer-1. Rate of climb indicator 2. Airspeed indicator 3. Engine and rotor dual tachometer 4. Sensitive Altimeter 5. Manifold pressure gauge 6. Magnetic Compass What light will only operate with the Clutch switch engaged? - Correct Answer-The landing lights If the intercom system in an R22 is other than trigger-style, how do the pilots transmit radio communications? - Correct Answer-By keying the XMIT buttons located at the cyclic grips Why should the location of the landing light be memorized? - Correct Answer-The landing light switch location should be memorized so that can be turned on without delay in an emergency In an R22 with a voice-activated intercom system, what does ICS VOLUME knob do, and does it affect the radio volume? - Correct Answer-It controls the intercom volume and does not affect radio volume In an R22 with a voice-activated intercom system, what does the VOX SQUELCH knob do? What does turning the know all the way to the left do? - Correct Answer-It is used to set the threshold volume at which the intercom is activated. When the knob is turned full left, the intercom s constantly on. What color are two associated with the voice-activated intercom system, and what do they mean? - Correct Answer- Amber light: Illuminates when the intercom is active Green light: Illuminates during transmission Is it allowable to install any electrical equipment on the R22? - Correct Answer-No electrical equipment may be installed unless specifically approved by the factory due to its potential interference with critical onboard electrical components? What type of engine is in the R22 and what is the power rating? - Correct Answer-Lycoming engine: Standard: O-320-A2B : 150 BHP @ 2700 RPM HP, Alpha, Beta: O-320-B2C : 160 BHP @2700 RPM Where is the fuse located that prevents a clutch actuator motor overload from tripping the circuit breaker? - Correct Answer-The fuse is located on or near the test switch panel. "When the pilot engages the clutch switch, when and through what mechanism does the clutch actuator switch off?" - Correct Answer-"The actuator senses compressive load(belt tension) and switches off when the vee-belts are properly tensioned." "Is the low fuel light activated when the fuel gauge indicates low fuel or by float type-transmitter in the tank?" - Correct Answer-"Neither. The low fuel light is actuated by a sensor in that system and is independent of gauge indications." When does the clutch caution light illuminate? - Correct Answer-"A clutch caution light illuminates whenever the clutch actuator is operating, either: 1) Engaging the belts 2) Disengaging the belts 3) Retensioning the belts" If the ELT is inadvertently activated, how can the pilot stop the transmission? - Correct Answer-"Use the reset position on the remote switch to stop transmission and reset the unit. The red indicator light will extinguish when unit is reset." Do all R22s have an ELT? - Correct Answer-"No, it is optional equipment and some earlier R22s may have and ELT installed without a remote switch." When does the ELT begin transmitting and how can the pilot tell that it is transmitting? - Correct Answer-"The ELT will begin transmitting: 1. When both switches are in Auto/Arm position and the aircraft is subjected to a high ""G"" load. 2. When the remote switch is moved to the ""ON"" position. The red indicator light (which is the remote switch) will illuminate when the unit is transmitting." "Name the three positions of the remote switch/ annunciator and which position it should be in during flight?" - Correct Answer-1.Auto/Armed 2. On 3. Reset It should always be in auto/armed position for light. When an ELT is installed, in what position is the transmitter switch secured? - Correct Answer-"An installation, the transmitter switch is secured in the AUTO or ARM position and should always be in this position for flight." What does the ELT consist of at time of installation? - Correct Answer-1. A transmitter with internal battery pack. 2. External antenna 3.Remote switch/annunciator" If installed, what is the ELT mounted to and where is the remote switch/annunciator? - Correct Answer-"The Where is the detent spring for the throttle located? - Correct Answer-The detent spring is located in the certical throttle push-pull tube. What does the detent spring of the throttle allow for, and why is this important? - Correct Answer-"The detent spring allows the pilot to roll the throttle off beyond the idle stop prior to a ground contact (run-on) autorotational landing, which prevents the throttle correlation from adding power when the collective is raised." How can correct throttle linkage adjustmen be verified during preflight? - Correct Answer-"By rolling the twist-grip throttle through the detent spring and holding it against the hard idle stop. The butterfly on the curburetor should just barely start to move when the collective is raised to the full-up position." "If there is a clutch actuator motor overload, what prevents the circuit breaker from tripping, and why is this important?" - Correct Answer-"A fuse is in place that prevents an actuator motor overload from tripping the circuit breaker and turning off the caution light prematurely." What is the engine on the R22 equipped with? - Correct Answer-1. Starter 2. Alternator 3. Shielded ignition 4. Two magnetos 5. Muffler 6. Oil Cooler 7. Introduction air filter What types of cyclic control trims are used? - Correct Answer- Longitudinal cyclic: Fixed bungee spring Lateral cyclic: On/off trim spring Excessive belt slack during start-up may cause what to happen? - Correct Answer-Excessive belt slack may cause the belts to jump out of sheave grooves during start. "If the MASTER BATTERY and alternator switch are selected in the ""off"" position, is the entire electrical system cut off from the power?" - Correct Answer-"No. A small power wire bypasses the battery relay to allow the tachometers and the clock to continue to receive battery power with the MASTER BATTERY and ALT switch off, as long as the clutch switch is in the engage position." What is the purpose of the small power wire that bypasses the battery relay? - Correct Answer-"It allows the tachometer bus and the clock to continue to receive battery power with the MASTER BATTERY and ALT switches off, as long as the CLUTCH switch is in the engage position." "With the MASTER BATTERY and alternator switches in the off position, what components continue to receive power so long as the CLUTCH switch is in the engage position?" - Correct Answer- 1.Engine tachometer 2. Rotor Tachometer How do the chip detector systems in the main and tail rotor gearboxes work? - Correct Answer-"When metallic particles are drawn to the magnets in the drain plug, they close an electrical circuit, which illuminates the warning light." What is carbon monoxide ( CO ) and what are the symptoms of CO poisoning? - Correct Answer-"CO is an odorless(kokusuz), toxic gas present in engine exhaust. CO exposure causes: 1. Headaches 2. Drowsiness(Uyuşukluk) 3. Dizziness(Baş Dönmesi) 4. Possible unconsciousness" "What is a source of CO, and what might cause CO levels to become elevated in the cabin during flight?" - Correct Answer-"CO is present in engine exhaust. Cabin CO levels could become elevated due to: 1. An exhaust leak 2. Exhaust recirculation during prolonged(uzatılmış) hovering" What does the carbon monoxide detector consist of? - Correct Answer-1. A sensor above the pilot's heater outlet. 2. A warning light. "When is a system check of the carbon monoxide detector system performed, and what signals that it is occurring?" - Correct Answer-"A system check is performed each time the power is switched on. It is signated by two flashes of the CO light." What is the indication of a carbon monoxide detector sensor malfunction? - Correct Answer-The CO light continues to flash every 4 seconds. What is the procedure if symptoms of CO poisoning accompany the CO warning light? - Correct Answer-Land immediately and inspect the exhaust system before the next flight. "What can damage the CO sensor while cleaning the aircraft, and how can such damage be avoided?" - Correct Answer-"Many chemicals such as solvents(eritici) , detergents, or aerosol sprays can damage the CO sensor. To prevent damage, tape off openings in top and bottom of sensor housing while cleaning the cabin interior." What is the blade twist of the main and tail rotor? - Correct Answer-"Main rotor : -8 degrees Tail rotor : 2.0 degrees" What is the definition of "standart empty weight"? - Correct Answer-"Standart empty weight is the weight of a standart helicopter including: 1- Unusable fuel 2- Full operating fluids 3- Full oil" What is the definition of "basic empty weight"? - Correct Answer-Basic empty weight is equal to the standart empty weight plus the weight of installed optional equipments. Maximum oil pressure limitation during flight?" - Correct Answer-"minimum oil pressure limitation during idle - 25 psi maximum oil pressure limitation during start and warm-up - 115 psi minimum oil pressure limitation during flight - 55 psi Maximum oil pressure limitation during flight - 95 psi" "What is the : minimum oil quantity for takeoff as indicated by the dipstick? maximum recommended oil quantity?" - Correct Answer-"minimum oil quantity for takeoff as indicated by the dipstick - 4 quarts maximum recommended oil quantity - 6 quarts" What is the maximum gross weight? - Correct Answer-"Standart and HP: 1300 lbs (590 kg) Alpha, Beta and Beta II: 1370 lbs (670 kg)" What is the minimum gross weight? - Correct Answer-920 lbs (417 kgs) What is the maximum gross weight per seat, including the baggage compartment? - Correct Answer-"240 lbs (109 kg) Note: The 240 lbs includes the 50 lbs (23 kg) of baggage under the seat." What is the maximum allowable weight in each baggage compartment? - Correct Answer-50 lbs (23 kg) "What is the minimum solo pilot plus naggage weight: with standart fuel and doors installed? with aux fuel and doors installed? When is deviation(sapma) from these minimums permitted?" - Correct Answer-"with standart fuel and doors installed - 130 lbs (59 kg) with aux fuel and doors installed - 135 lbs (61 kg) Deviation from these minimums is permitted when weight and balance computation shows CG is within limits." Where is the datum line located? - Correct Answer-100 inches forward of the main rotor shaft centerline. Is aerobatic flight or a low "G" pushover permitted in the R22? - Correct Answer-No, both of these maneuvers are prohibited. If the pilot experience a low "G" condition caused by a low "G" pushover following a pull-up, what flight control input should be made? - Correct Answer-Immediately apply gentle aft cyclic. If a right roll commences, apply gentle aft cyclic to reload disc before applying lateral cyclic to stop the roll. Is flying permitted with the governor selected off? - Correct Answer-No, it is prohibited, with exceptions for in-flight system malfunction or emergency procedure training. Is flight into known icing conditions permitted? - Correct Answer-No, flight into known icing conditions is prohibited. What is the maximum operating density altitude? - Correct Answer-14000 feet density altitude. In addition to the instruments/equipment that the FAA requires to be operational, what additional equipment must be in-operation for day VFR flight in the R22? - Correct Answer-"1- RPM Governor What are the total and usable fuel capacities for the main fuel tank? - Correct Answer-"Total: 19.8 galons (75 lt) Usable: 19.2 galons (73 lt)" What are the total and usable fuel capacities for the optional auxiliary fuel tank? - Correct Answer-"Total: 10.9 galons (41 lt) Usable: 10.5 galons (40 lt)" "On the airspeed indicator: What airspeed range does the green arc represent? What airspeed does the red line represent?" - Correct Answer-"Green arc: 50-102 KIAS Red line: 102 KIAS" "On the rotor tachometer gauge for the O-360 engine, what range or limit is represented by the: Upper red line Upper yellow arc Green arc Lower yellow arc Lower red line Separate bottom yellow arc" - Correct Answer-"Upper red line: 110% Upper yellow arc: 104 to 110% Green arc: 101 to 104% Lower yellow arc: 90 to 101% Lower red line: 90% Separate bottom yellow arc:60 to 70%" "On the rotor tachometer gauge for the O-320 engine, what range or limit is represented by the: Upper red line Upper yellow arc Green arc Lower yellow arc Lower red line Separate bottom yellow arc " - Correct Answer-"Upper red line: 110% Upper yellow arc: 104 to 110% Green arc: 97 to 104% Lower yellow arc: 90 to 97% Lower red line: 90% Separate bottom yellow arc:60 to 70% Note: Tachometers installed may show green arc from 101 to 104%" "On the rotor tachometer gauge for the O-360 engine, what range is represented by the: Upper red arc Green arc Lower red arc Separate bottom yellow arc" - Correct Answer-"Upper red arc: 104 to 110% Green arc: 101 to 104% Lower red arc: 90 to 101% Separate bottom yellow arc: 60 to 70%" "On the rotor tachometer gauge for the O-320 engine, what range is represented by the: Upper red arc Green arc Lower red arc "On the manifold pressure gauge in the R22 HP and Alpha models (O-320-B2C engine): what range is represented by the yellow arc? What limit is represented by the red line?" - Correct Answer-"Yellow arc: 21.0 to 24.1 in. Hg Red line: 24.1 in. Hg" "On the manifold pressure gauge in the R22 Beta model (O- 320-B2C engine): what range is represented by the yellow arc? What limit is represented by the red line?" - Correct Answer-"Yellow arc: 21.0 to 25.2 in. Hg Red line: 25.2 in. Hg" "On the manifold pressure gauge in the R22 Beta II model (O- 360-J2A engine): what range is represented by the yellow arc? What limit is represented by the red line?" - Correct Answer-"Yellow arc: 19.6 to 24.1 in. Hg Red line: 24.1 in. Hg" What range is repreented by the yellow arc on the carburetor air temperature gauge? - Correct Answer-Negative 15 to 5 degrees C What restrictions are imposed on a pilot with less than 200 hours in helicopters and less than 50 hours in an R22? - Correct Answer-"1- SFAR 73 must be completed annually. 2- Flight prohibited when surface winds exceed 25 knots including gusts. 3- Flight prohibited when surface wind gust spreads exceed 15 knots. 4- Continued flight into moderate, severe or extreme turbulence is prohibited." What is the limitation of "moderate turbulence" as described by the POH? - Correct Answer-"Moderate turbulence is defined as turbulence that causes: 1- Changes in altitude or attitude. 2- Variations in indicated airspeed. 3- Aircraft occupants to feel definite constraint against seat belts." An owner and operator of an R22 must ensure that all maintenance is performed by a qualified mechanic in accordance with what? - Correct Answer-1 - R22 maintenance manual (instructions for continued airworthiness) 2- Robinson factory published service bulletins/service letters 3- FAA Airworthiness Directives (AD) What are the required documents that must be in the aircraft at all times? - Correct Answer-1- Airworthiness Certificate 2- Registration Certificate 3- POH (CFI NOTE: Weight and balance is also required per FAA regulation.) Note: Above requirements apply in the USA. What required documents should not be carried the aircraft, but must be available for use by any mechanic or pilot servicing the aircraft? - Correct Answer-1- Aircraft logbook 2- Engine logbook Note: Above requirements apply in the USA. Who must sign off an FAA mandatory annual inspection, and is this inspection required for commercial or privately R22 helicopters? - Correct Answer-The annual inspection must be signed off by a mechanic (A&P) with inspection Authorization (IA). This inspection is required for both commercially and privately operated R22 helicopters. What modifications and alternations does Robinson Helicopter Company not approve of nor recommend for the R22? - Correct Answer-Any modificiation is inadvisable, Robinson does not approve any modification or alternation other than those wihch are factory-supplied and installed by factory-trained personnel. When moving the R22 using the ground handling wheels, what must a person be cautions of when lowering the helicopter? - Correct Answer-The handles have a tendency to snap over. When moving the helicopter using the ground handling wheels, what parts of the R22 must not be gripped? - Correct Answer-1- Vertical fins 2- Outboard part of the horizontal stabilizer 3- Tail rotor 4- Tail skid 5- Tail rotor controls When parking the R22 in windy conditions, how should the blades be aligned, and why? - Correct Answer-Align blades slightly offset from the fore and aft position to prevent the aft blade from flapping into the tailcone. Also, apply rotor brake. How often should the oil and filter be changed and when should the oil be changed if there is no filter? - Correct Answer-Oil and filter: Change at least every 50 hours or 4 months, whichever occurs first. Oil with no filter: Change oil every 25 hours. What grades of oil are recommended for operations in all temperatures? - Correct Answer-SAE15W50 or SAE20W50 When must oil be added to the tail rotor gearbox? - Correct Answer-When oil is not visible in the sight gauge with the helicopter sitting level. If fuel contamination(kirlilik) is suspected (or found during preflight), what should the pilot do? - Correct Answer- Continue to drain fuel from the gascolator and tank drains until all contamination is eliminated. Does the battery require fluid level checks? - Correct Answer- No, Because the battery is sealed. Is a discharged(boşaltılmış) battery airworthy, and why? - Correct Answer-A discharged battery is not airworthy because it will not have the reserve capacity top operate the electrical system if the changing system fails in flight. How is the fuel gauge operated? - Correct Answer-The fuel gauge is electrically operated by a float-type transmitter in the fuel tank. What does the fuel system include? - Correct Answer-1- Fuel tank 2- Shut-off valve 3- Strainer (gascolator) 4- Tank air vent How many fuel pumps are on the R22? - Correct Answer-Zero. The fuel system is gravity-flow, meaning it has no fuel pumps. After the engine is started, it is coupled to the rotor drive system through vee-belts. How are the vee-belts tensioned? - Correct Answer-An electronic actuator raises the upper drive sheave when the pilot engages the clutch switch. What warning lights are included on the R22? - Correct Answer-1- Clutch 2- Main gearbox over-temperature 3- Main gearbox chip 4- Tail gearbox chip 5- Starter-on (later aircraft) 6- Low fuel 7- Low RPM 8- Alternator 9- Low oil pressure 10- Rotor brake 11- Carbon monoxide (if installed) What does the collective-up spring do and what does it allow the pilot to do? - Correct Answer-The collective-up spring(yay) balances the rotor load, allowing the pilot to remove his or her left hand from collective during most flight regimes. Where is the cyclic friction knob located and when is cyclic friction normally applied? - Correct Answer-It is located to the left side of the cyclic stick, Cyclic friction is normally applied only on the ground. Why must the collective friction be used with caution if applied during flight? - Correct Answer-To avoid locking of a control. Does the low oil pressure light activate when the gauge indicates below normal limits? - Correct Answer-No, the low oil pressure light is actuated by a sensor in that system and is independent of gauge indications. What could happen if the pilot does not wait 30 seconds after the engine stops to apply the rotor brake, or uses a force that stops the rotor brake in less than 20 seconds? - Correct Answer-The brake shoes may be permanently damaged.(poh 7-21) After engaging the rotor brake, what is the minimum amount of time that the rotor should take to come to a stop? - Correct Answer-20 seconds. Why must the rotor brake be disengaged before starting the engine? - Correct Answer-When the brake is engaged, a switch disconnects the starter to prevent the engine from being started.(poh 7-21) What external lighting components are on separate circuit breakers from each other? - Correct Answer-1.Strobe light 2.Navigation light 3.Landing lights The internal lights consist of panel lights and a map light.What do the panel lights share a circuit breaker with? What does the map light share a circuit breaker with? - Correct Answer- 1.Panel lights: On the same breaker as the navigation lights. 2.Map light: On the same breaker as the panel gauges.(poh 7- 13) How long will the clutch caution light stay illuminated? - Correct Answer-The light stays on until the belts are properly tensioned or completely disengaged.(poh 7-7) On whom does the FAA place the responsibility for maintenance of a helicopter? - Correct Answer-The owner and operator.(poh 8-1) Where is the rotor brake mounted(if installed)? - Correct Answer-At the aft end of the main gearbox. (poh 7-21) What is the mounted to bottom of the skids and when should these components be replaced? - Correct Answer-Hardened steel wear shoes are mounted on the bottom of the skids. They should be replaced whenever the thinnest point is less than 1/16 of an inch.(.06.in.).(poh 7-20) By design, how will the spring and yield type landing gear on the R22 respond to an extremely hard landing? - Correct Answer-The struts will hinge up and outward center crosstube yields(takes permanent set) to absorb the impact.(poh7-20) During a preflight check of the landing gear, is any crosstube yielding acceptable? - Correct Answer-Yes, very slight crosstube yielding is acceptable.(poh 7-20) With regards to the landing gear, beyond what point is crosstube yielding not acceptable, and what maintenance action is required if that point is exceeded? - Correct Answer- Although very slight crosstube yielding is acceptable, yielding that allows the tail skid to be within 36 inches(24 inches for the R22 standart or HP) of the ground when the helicopter is sitting empty on level pavement requires crosstube replacement.(poh 7-20) The direct-drive fan supplies cooling air to what components? - Correct Answer-"1.Cylinders 2.Oil cooler 3.Alternator(via shroud ducts) 4.Main rotor gearbox(via shroud ducts)" How are all primary controls actuated? - Correct Answer-All primary controls are actuated through push-pull tubes and bellcranks.(poh 7-4) What type of bearing lubrication is used throughout the flight control system? - Correct Answer-Flight controls use either sealed ball bearings or self-lubricated Teflon liners.(poh 7-4) When the collective stick is raised, what causes the throttle to open? - Correct Answer-An interconnecting linkage.(poh 7-4) What electronic component makes minor throttle adjustment required to maintain RPM? - Correct Answer-The electronic governor.(poh 7-4) Above what altitude are the throttle correlation and governor less effective, and what does that require from the pilot? - Correct Answer-Above 4000 feet. This means that power changes should be slow and smooth above this altitude.(poh 7-4) At high power settings above 4000 feet, the throttle is frequently wide open. In this situation, how must RPM be controlled? - Correct Answer-RPM must be controlled with the collective.(poh 7-4) When reinstalling the left-seat collective, what is important to remember to prevent the left-seat collective from accidentally falling off? - Correct Answer-Ensure both ends of the locking clip or both locking pins are fully engaged through the holes on each side.(poh 7-4.1) How does the governor maintain engine RPM? - Correct Answer-The governor maintains engine RPM by sensing changes and applying corrective throttle inputs through a friction clutch.(poh 7-4.2) When is the RPM governor operational and how is it switched on or off? - Correct Answer-"The governor is only operational What does the cabin heater system consist of ? - Correct Answer-"1. Electronic blower on the left side of the engine compartment 2.Muffler heat shroud 3.Control valve at the firewall 4.Outlet grill forward the pilot seat or tail rotor pedals 5.Interconnecting ducts between components (poh 7-19)" Where is the blower switch for the cabin heater, and what does it do? - Correct Answer-The switch is on the ledge forward of the pilot's seat, and it turns the blower on.(poh 7- 19) Describe how air flows to the carburetor.? - Correct Answer-"1.Air enters through inlet on right side of helicopter. 2.Air passes through flexible duct to carburetor air box. 3.Hot air scoop supplies heated air to air box. 4.Pilot-controlled sliding valve provides heated or cooled air to box. 5.Air passes through air filter. 6.Air continues up and into carcuretor." If the master battery switch is shut off, are the electronic tachometers going to lose power? - Correct Answer-No. Either battety or the alternator can independently supply power to the tachometers. (POH 3-7) What is the emergency procedure for a governer failure? - Correct Answer-"1-Grip throttle firmly to override the governer. 2-Switch governer off. 3-Complete flight using manual throttle control. (POH 3-7)" If the warning light causes excessive glare at night, what may the pilot do to eliminate the glare? - Correct Answer-The bulb may be unscrewed or circuit breaker pulled to eliminate glare during landing. (POH 3-8) "(Warning/Caution lights) If the ""Oil"" light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required? " - Correct Answer-"An illuminated oil light indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure 1. Check engine tach for power loss. 2. Check oil pressure gauge. 3. If pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately. Note: Contiuned light could lead to engine damage or failure. (POH 3-8)" "(Warning/Caution lights) If the ""MR TEMP"" light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required?" - Correct Answer-"If the ""MR TEMP"" light indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox. If the light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical. (POH 3-8)" "(Warning/Caution lights) If the ""MR CHIP"" light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required?" - Correct Answer-"An illuminated MR CHIP light indicates metallic particles in the main rotor gearbox. If the light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately. If the CLUTCH light illuminates during flight, how long should the pilot wait to take action? What is the corrective action once that time has elapsed? - Correct Answer-"7-8 seconds. 1. Pull the CLUTCH circuit breaker. 2. Reduce power. 3. Land immediately. 4. Be prepared to enter autorotation. Note: Inspect drive system for possible malfunction. (malfunction:arıza)" If the ALT light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required? - Correct Answer-"An illuminated ALT light indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure. Required actions: 1- Turn off nonessential electrical equipment. 2- Switch ALT off and back on after one second. 3- If light stays on, land as soon as practical. (POH 3-9)" What hazardous flight condition can be created by continued flight without a functioning alternator? - Correct Answer-Loss of electronic tachometers. (POH 3-9) If the ALT light illuminates, what does swiching the ALT switch off and back on after one second specifically do? - Correct Answer-It resets the overvotage relay. If the BRAKE light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required? - Correct Answer-". An illuminated brake light indicates that the rotor break is engaged. . Release immediately in flight or before starting engine. (POH 3-10)" What does the STARTER-ON light indicate and what is the procedure if it does not go out when ingition switch released from the start position? - Correct Answer-The STARTER-ON light indicates that the starter motor is engaged. Immediately pull mixture to idle cut-off, turn master switch off, and have starter motor servised. (POH 3-10) What does illuminated GOV OFF light indicate? - Correct Answer-An illuminated gov off light indicates that the engine RPM throttle governer is off. (POH 3-9) If the CARBON MONOXIDE light illuminates, what does it indicate and what actions are required? - Correct Answer-It indicates levated levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in the cabin. If in flight, open the nose and door vents and shut off the heater. If hovering, land or transition to forward flight. If symtoms of CO poisioning accompany warning light, land immediately. (POH 7-22, 3-10) If the low RPM horn and caution light activate, what do they indicate and what are required? - Correct Answer-"A low rpm hor and illuminated caution light indicate that rotor rpm may be below safe limits. 1. Immediately roll on throttle. 2. Lower collective. 3. In forward flight, apply aft cyclic. (POH 3-10)" Under what condition will the low RPM horn and caution light be disabled? - Correct Answer-The low RPM horn and caution light are disabled when the collective is full down. (POH 3-10, 7-18) Under what condition will the low RPM horn and caution light activate? - Correct Answer-Rotor RPM below 97% while the collective is in any position than full down. (POH 3-10) What could happen if a start is attempted while the main rotor blades are not approximately level? - Correct Answer-A tailcone strike could occur. Be sure that main rotor blades are approximately level at the end of the preflight check, prior to engine start. When flying solo, how should the baggage be distibuted? - Correct Answer-Fill the left baggage compartment to capacity before using the right seat and avoid placing ojects in compartments that could injure the occupant if the seat collapses during a hard landing. What continuous rotor RPM range must be avoided during start and run-up? Why? - Correct Answer-60 to 70%, to minimize tail resonance. On slippery surfaces, what must the pilot be prepared to do as the governor increases RPM? - Correct Answer-The pilot should be prepared to counter nose-right rotation with left pedal. During run-up and shutdown, the pilot should uncover his or her right ear, open the right door, and listen for what? - Correct Answer-The Pilot should listen for unusual bearing noise, because failing bearings will produce an audible whine or growl well before final failure. Is in-flight leaning of the mixture recommended? Why? - Correct Answer-No, because engine stoppage may result and there is no propeller to keep the engine turning should overleaning occur. What must be done when entering an autorotation above 4.000 feet to prevent an engine overspeed? - Correct Answer- Reduce the throttle slightly before lowering the collective. "To avoid inadvertent engine stoppage during a practice autorotation, how should the throttle be rolled off? Inadvertent: yanlışlıkla" - Correct Answer-The throttle should be rolled off smoothly for a small visible needle split. Do not chop the throttle to simulate a power failure. The R22 has a light, low inertia rotor system. Where is the most the energy required for an autorotation stored? - Correct Answer-In the forward momentum of the aircraft, not in the rotor. (POH 4-10) Catastrophic rotor stall will occur if the rotor RPM reaches what limit? - Correct Answer-Catastrophic rotor stall will occur if the rotor RPM ever drops below 80% plus 1% per 1.000 feet of altitude. (POH 4-10) "How should carburetor heat be used when operating below 18 inches MAP? Why? How should carburetor heat be used when operating above 18 inches MAP?" - Correct Answer-". Power settings blow 18 inches MAP: ignore gauge and always apply full carb heat. (CAT gauge is incorrect below 18 inches MAP) .Power settings above 18 inches MAP: Apply caburator heat as required to keep CAT gauge needle out of yellow arc." "Why could the pilot sometimes be unaware of carburetor ice formation and what is remedy to avoid this situation? Remedy:çare" - Correct Answer-Due to governor automatically increasing the throttle to maintain constant manifold pressure and RPM. Always apply carb heat as required whenever icing conditions are suspected. If the R22 is required with carb heat assist (on O-360 engines) when is it recommended that the control knob be unlatched to activate carb heat assist? - Correct Answer-Whenever the What happens as a result of a low G condition? - Correct Answer-Excessive flapping results in the main rotor hub assembly striking the main rotor mast with subsequent main rotor system separation from the helicopter. What recommendation should pilots follow in order to avoid low G conditions? - Correct Answer-"1. Maintain cruise speed between 60 KIAS and less than 0.9 Vne, but no lower than 57 KIAS. 2. Use maximum power-on RPM at all times during powered flight. 3. Avoid sideslip during flight (maintain in trim flight). 4. Avoid large, rapid forward cyclic inputs in forward flight. 5. Avoid abrupt control inputs in turbulance." At what wind speed and maximum density altitude has hover controlability been officially been officially substantiated? - Correct Answer-9.800 feet density altitude in a 17 knot wind from any direction. The performance data presented in Section 5 (Performance) was obtained under ideal conditions. What must the pilot be cautious about? - Correct Answer-Performance under other conditions may be substantially less. The hover performance data given is with carburetor heat off. Applying full carburetor heat reduces the hover ceilings by how much? - Correct Answer-Up to 2.000 feet. Under what temperature conditions has satisfactory engine cooling been demonstrated? - Correct Answer-"At an OAT of 38 C (100 F) at sea level or 23 C (41 F) above ISA altitude. ISA: ICAO Standard Atmosphere" Is operation within the shaded areas of the height velocity diagram prohibited? - Correct Answer-No, but it is not recommended. A max performance takeoff enters the shaded area. Where is the fuel located in reference to the helicopter center of gravity (CG) as fuel is burned? - Correct Answer-"Fuel is located aft of the helicopter CG, causing the CG to shift forward as fuel is burned. Note: This is why empty weight CG must be calculated as well as full fuel weigh CG. " What limits the amount of fuel that can be off-loaded to allow for greater payload? - Correct Answer-The amount of fuel that can be off-loaded is limited by the forward center of gravity location with empty fuel. What must be done following any modification that moves the empty center of gravity (CG) aft? - Correct Answer- Calculate weight and balance with full fuel and 130 lb pilot (135 lb with aux tank). If this calculation shows CG aft of the aft limit, instal fixed ballast in nose to comply with the solo pilot weight limitation in section 2. In regard to lateral center of gravity calculations, which side is positive and which side is negative? - Correct Answer-Right is positive, left is negative.