Aural Rehab Exam 1 With complete solutions latest update 2024, Exams of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)

Download Aural Rehab Exam 1 With complete solutions latest update 2024 and more Exams Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) in PDF only on Docsity! Aural Rehab Exam 1 With Complete Solutions Latest Update 2024 Aural Rehabilitation Answer: Intervention aimed at minimizing and alleviating the communication difficulties associated with hearing loss. Goals: 1. Alleviate the difficulties related to hearing loss. 2. minimize its consequences Expected Outcomes for Aural Rehab Answer: 1. Enhance conversational fluency- how smoothly conversation unfolds. 2. reduced hearing-related disability- loss of function due to hearing loss Aural Habilitation Answer: Intervention for persons who have not developed listening, speech, and language skills (child) Conductive Hearing Loss Answer: Hearing loss in the outer or middle ear, congenital or acquired, medical treatment possible. craniofacial, cerumen, or otitis media Sensorineural (SNHL) Answer: Hearing loss in the inner ear, permanent loss. deals with auditory nerve, inner ear, brain stem, auditory cortex, mid brain Mixed Hearing Loss Answer: both conductive and sonsorineural, child may have SNHL and otitis media Configuration- HL Answer: extent of HL at each frequency Bilateral HL Answer: hearing loss in both ears Unilateral HL Answer: HL in one ear only Symmetrical HL Answer: Degree and configuration is the same for both ears Asymmetrical HL Answer: two ears differ in degree and/or configuration Fluctuating HL Answer: HL changes sometimes frequently Stable HL Answer: remains the same Hard of Hearing Answer: Having a hearing loss between 26 and 70 dB HL Deaf Answer: Having a profound hearing loss or no hearing at all Congenital Answer: HL present at birth Acquired Answer: HL incurred after birth Speech Audiometry Answer: Speech Reception Threshold (SRT). Use spondee words, softest level can repeat 50% words. Word Recognition Scores (WRS): percentage correctly repeated presented at comfortable level Purpose for Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: To determine need for amplification, to compare performance with and without a listening device (aided vs. unaided), and to compare different listening devices Purpose of Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: reveal speech recognition difficulties to patient: use with counseling and compare to a normal hearing person. Demonstrate different with and without visual cues, test speech with background noise, and track their ability over time Purpose of Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: determine: need for speech perception training, level to begin speech perception training, most appropriate educational placement, and if listening device provided expected benefit Stimuli Units of Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: Test Selection: suprasegmentals, (prosodic elements of speech- rate and pitch), phonemes, words, phrases, or sentences. Nonsense syllables, monosyllabic, or spondees Stimuli Units of Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: Population: children or adults. Open Set: test or task does not provide choices. Closed Set: Fixed number of items known to patient Phoneme Stimuli Answer: Advantages: unaffected by vocab level, can perform feature analysis, and use nonsense syllables. Disadvantages: usually not appropriate for children, poor face validity Monosyllabic Word Stimuli Answer: Most commonly used stimuli. Advantage: real words has a higher validity Word Stimuli Answer: Advantages: higher face validity than nonsense syllables, easy to score, able to do fine-grain scoring. Disadvantages: not representative of everyday listening situations, and limited vocab influence outcomes Phrases and Sentences Answer: Advantages: high face validity, reflects real- world performance. Disadvantages: linguistics knowledge influential, familiarly of topic influential Three Test Condition for Speech Recognition Assessment Answer: 1. Audition only. 2. Vision only. 3. Audition and vision Audition Only- Speech Recognition Answer: Sensation level (SL): db about SRT. Use of background noise, speaker-talker babble, speech noise, white noise Vision Only- Speech Recognition Answer: talker's head and shoulder are visual, talker faces patient 0 degrees azimuth, assesses lipreading/speech reading ability, computer testing allows test pacing and online scoring Audition and Vision - Speech Recognition Answer: demonstrates best performance scenario, hearing so poor, audition-only not feasible. Patient may be a good speech reader Goals of Aural Rehab Answer: Alleviate difficulties related to hearing loss. Minimize its consequences Expected Outcomes of Aural Rehab Answer: enhance conversational fluency and reduced hearing-related disability Activity Limitation Answer: Change at the level of the person brought about by an impairment at the levels of body structure and function Participation Restriction Answer: an effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient's life Services Included in an Aural Rehab Plan Answer: Diagnosis and degree of HL, utilizing appropriate listening devices, communication strategies, and counseling Service Providers of Aural Rehab Answer: Audiologist SLP's, teacher for children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing Peak-Clipping Answer: A constant amount of gain is provided across a range of input levels until it reaches a saturation level (a set loudness level limit), when it "clips" off the peaks of a signal. this can cause distortion of the sound Compression Answer: a sound is amplified until it reaches a level of incoming intensity, then is not amplified beyond that limit, essentially limiting amplification at certain levels until the loud input sound is gone Features of Hearing Aid Answer: on/off switch, volume control, program button, telecoil, audio input CROS Aid Answer: sounds entering from "dead" ear side are routed to the "good" ear side BAHA Answer: surgically implanted screw to transmit sound through the skull to directly vibrate the cochlea. ideal for single-sided deafness or conductive HL Selection of Hearing Aid Styles Answer: Factors: degree of hearing loss, user preference, cost, lifestyle, physical status Verification Answer: determine if the aids meet a set of standards Low Frequency Loss Answer: HL below 1000 Hz. Can hear more speech sounds from mid to high range High Frequency Loss Answer: HL in mid-high to high frequency range. affects high frequency consonants Need for AR services Answer: serves infancy through the elderly. Infants: higher survival rate of premature infants, may have birth defects. Early detection and intervention. School-aged children: educational planning and placements Tests used for UNHS Answer: otoacoustic emissions (OAE) Auditory Brain stem Response (ABR) OAE Answer: sounds coming from the cochlea that can be detected in the external auditory canal using probe microphones. measurable "echo" that is produced by the cochlea in response to signals presented to that ear. Measurable OEAs is an indicator of normal or near normal cochlear functioning OAE Answer: measuring a sound emitted from the cochlea in response to a sound being presented to it. Advantage: time, cost efficient, can be administered by nurse or adu, ear specific. Disadvantage: patient must be quiet and still for the test. Age: newborn and up ABR Answer: most comprehensive test for identifying infants (birth -5 months). Electrophysiological- elicit brainwave activity. performed on sleeping child, measured in terms of latency, wave V correlates to 1500 to 4000 Hz ABR Answer: measurement of an electrical response of the auditory nerve with acoustic stimulation. Advantage: ear specific information as well as severity of HL. Disadvantage: cooperation of patient to be still, cost, time involved, can only be administered by AuD. ABR Answer: electrodes are placed on either mastoid and a grounding electrode on the forehead. insert headphones are placed in both ears and a loud click stimulus is presented to one eat at a time. Electrical responses occur in the first 10-15 milliseconds Moro Reflex Answer: the sudden embracing movement of the arms and drawing up of the legs of infants to a sudden loud sound Disadvantages: not ear specific, does not provide information as to severity. Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) Answer: Behavorial testing involving presentation of an acoustic stimulus and visual reward. Disadvantage: not ear specific. Age: infant and up Age Appropriate Audiometry Answer: young children: ages 2-5 requires participation ability. Play Aud: conditioning a child to place a block in a bucket or ring on peg whenever they hear a sound. Advantage: ear specific and frequency specific info. Dis: time, reliability Goals of Listening Devices Answer: make speech audible. restore range of loudness experience. Bimodal Stimulation Answer: If a person wears a hearing aid in one ear and a cochlear implant in the other Implantation Process Answer: Comprehensive audiological evaluation, confirm candidacy, surgical implantation of internal components under the skin and behind pinna, cochlea. External components are fit 4-6 weeks later Mapping Answer: process of programming the speech processor by the audiologist. for cochlear impants: use comprehensive aural rehab program to enhance listening skills Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) or HATS Answer: facilitates communication needs: improve signal-to-noise ratio, face to face comm at home, restaurant, meetings, church. Broadcasts, Telephone comm, altering signals ALDS Answer: conditions that may improve compromised a listening environment: ambient noise, reverberation, background noise ALDS Answer: FM systems, infrared systems, neck loop, hardwire system, alerting alarm clocks, altering smoke detectors, amplified telephones, TDD, induction loop systems FM Systems Answer: Frequency Modultion (FM) systems: uses radio waves to transmit sound from the source to the user FCC allocated range of bandwidths Infrared Systems Answer: similar to FM systems but use infrared to transmit sound- transmitter sends the signal encoded in infrared light waves. CANNOT use outdoors Induction Loop Systems Answer: loop of wire placed around the circumference of a room. Microphone picks up sounds and converts into an electrical signal fed through a loop. Can use with hearing aid t-coli