Aviation Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Aviation

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1. what are the main components of a jet engine? ✔✔c. intake, compressor,combustor, turbine, and exhaust
2. the part of the "stack" of the space transport system that looks like an airplane is called the _________. ✔✔a. orbiter
3. Skylab, the united states' first space station, was used to _____________. ✔✔c. preform medical examination and observations of earth
4. fill in the blank: the first american astronaut who flew to space was________. ✔✔c. Alan Shepard
5. the first jet engines were built ___________. ✔✔d. for use on military aircraft
6. what was one reason the soviet unions launch of sputnik in 1957 sparked the united states to want to become number one in space exploration? ✔✔a. the united states was afraid that the soviet union was spying

7. why did the us congress establish NASA in 1958? ✔✔b. to put emphasis on winning the "space race" against the soviet union
8. what was the purpose of NASA's mercury and gemini missions in the 1950's and 1960's? ✔✔c. they acted as stepping-stones to landing on the moon
9. what event ended the space race? ✔✔a. neil armstrong became the first man on the moon on july 20, 1969
10. NACA hired five female "compters" in 1935 to _________. ✔✔d. preform complex calculations so NACA engineers could focus on research
11. how did the invention of jet engine technology impact passenger travel? ✔✔a. it enabled travel at higher speeds
12. the mercury 7 astronauts who were selected in 1959 ___________. ✔✔b. were all men who had served as military test pilots

13. why was the swept wing design important in the development ✔✔b. they delay the formation of shock waves generated by jet engines
14. what made the space shuttle such an advancement in aerospace? ✔✔b. it was a resuable spacecraft that could carry humans and cargo
15. why was the competition between the soviet union and the united states called the "Space race"? ✔✔a. the united states and the soviet union were racing for supremacy in spaceflight
16. after the cold war ended, what was the relationship between the united states and the soviet union regarding space exploration? ✔✔d. the united states and the soviet union started to work together, eventually docking their aircraft in space
17. power and performance were improved in aircraft because of jet engines, but ________________. ✔✔b. the aircraft designs were greatly impacted as engineers worked to take full advantage of the increased performance provided
18. fill in the blank: the first operational orbiter to fly in space was the _________________. ✔✔a. Columbia

19. fill in the blank: newton's _____________ states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. ✔✔b. third law of motion
20. the ______________ was the first successful commercial jet aircraft for civilian use. ✔✔c. boeing 707
21. how did the development of the world's first jetliner, the boeing 707, impact society ✔✔the B-707 launched the world into the commercial jet age, and we became a much more global society. commercial jets made travel quicker and easier; they expanded the economy by bringing people and cultures together and allowing for faster trade.
22. explain at least two challenges in making an operational jet engine and jet aircraft. ✔✔it was difficult for engineers to find materials that were suitable for handing the stress involved in operating a jet engine (mainly heat and pressure). it was also difficult for them to determine how to effectively managing the challenges of high altitude flight and high-speed flight. for example, as a jet aircraft approached the speed of sound, vibrations caused by shocked waves caused the aircraft to be nearly uncontrollable. the development of swept wings solved for this problem

23. why was the success of the mercury program an important achievement during the space race? ✔✔mercury was the first program to put astronauts into space. it perfected techniques to orbit a manned spacecraft around earth, determined an astronaut's capability to function and live in space, and recover and astronaut and spacecraft safety. Mercury provided important lessons that future missions built on.
24. how did the Apollo-Soyuz mission help build trust between the americans and the soviets after the cold war? ✔✔the Apollo-Soyuz mission represented the first international joint effort in space and was the first of many successful collaborations between the Americans and the Russians. the goal was to dock two spacecraft that were not similar.one of the first challenges was that the astronauts and cosmonauts had to learn each other's languages. the Apollo spacecraft was also redesigned with a module that served as a during unit and an airlock unit.
25. how was the development of the space transport system an important milestone in NAS's research. ✔✔the space shuttle program was the first reusable spacecraft over the course of 135 missions, it carried important cargo, conducted repair missions, ferried astronauts, and completed experiments in space.it demonstrated important aviation innovations, such as fly-by-wire systems, advanced navigation and control algorithms, and thermal protection systems.

1b. forces are vectors because _______________. ✔✔c. they have magnitude and direction

2b. which best describes Newton's Third Law of Motion? ✔✔b. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

3b. lift on a wing is most properly defined as the ___________. ✔✔c. force acting perpendicular to the relative wind

4b. true or false. the reaction of downwash causes an downward reaction according to Newton's Third Law of Motion ✔✔false

5b. which of the following is true for an airplane in steady flight? select all that apply. ✔✔a. the sum of all upward components of forces equals the sum of all downward components of forces. e. the sum of all forward components of forces equals the sum of all backward components of forces

6b. which of the following is true relative to a changing angle of attack? ✔✔b. an increase in angle of attack will decrease the pressure above the wing and increase lift.

7b. the longer path theory (or equal transit time theory) says that the molecules of air flowing over the top of a wing must travel faster than the molecules of air flowing beneath the wing in order to meet art the trailing (back) edge. what is the problem with this theory? ✔✔c. it assumes

that molecules of air arriving at the front of the wing at the same time must also arrive at the back edge of the wing at the same time.

8b. the __________ of an airplane can act as an airfoil by helping to produce stability and lift. ✔✔b. fuselage

9b. increasing an airplane's wing area will ___________. select all that apply. ✔✔b. increase drag c. increase lift

10b. if the velocity of an airplane is doubled, the lift will _________ ✔✔b. increase by a factor of 4

11b. an aircraft always stalls at the same ____________ regardless of airspeed weight, or any other factor. ✔✔b. angle of attack

12b. what safety measures do airplane designers take in regard to stalls? select all that apply ✔✔d. all of the above

13b. considering an aircraft's weight and balance, _________ is the term used to describe the line or reference plane from which all measurements of "arm" are taken ✔✔c. datum

15b. the center of gravity (CG) of an airplane is forward of its acceptable CG range ✔✔d. elevator effectiveness becomes limited creating insufficient nose-up force for landing

14b. the center of gravity of an airplane can be determined by which method. ✔✔a, dividing total moments by total weight

16b. torque effect is most pronounced under which conditions? select all that apply. ✔✔a. high power setting d. low airspeed

17b. what is an advantage of a variable-pitch propeller? ✔✔b. permits the pilot to set the propeller blade angle for the most efficient performance.

18b. as airspeed decreases in level flight below that speed for maximum lift/drag ratio, total drag of a airplane __________. ✔✔b. increases because of increased induced drag

19b. which of the following is created by the resistance of air moving across the surface of an airplane? ✔✔c. skin friction drag

20b. if airspeed is doubled while in level flight, parasite drag will become_________. ✔✔c. four times greater

21b. described two of the three ways a pilot can control lift during flight. ✔✔a pilot can control lift by changing the angle of attack by varying the pitch of the airplane using the elevator, by changing the airspeed by adjusting the power setting of the engine or by climbing or descending, or by adjusting the chamber of the wing by extending or retracting lift-enhancing devices like flaps.

22b. describe how newton's third law of motion and Bernoulli's principle explain the generation of lift by an airfoil. ✔✔according to Bernoulli's principle, when air moving over the top of a wing surface travels faster than air moving over the bottom of the wing surface, pressure above the wing is reduced, producing lift. these pressure changes cause the airflow to curve downwards, creating downwash behind the airfoil. newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, so that a downward force is met with an equal and opposite upward force. when an airfoil bends traveling across its surface downward, this action results in an equal and opposite upward force called lift.

23b. is it more desirable for the wing root or wing tip to stall first and why? ✔✔it is preferable for the wing root ton stall first. if the wingtip stalls before the root, the disrupted airflow near the wingtip can reduce aileron effectiveness to such an extent that the pilot can lose control over the roll to the aircraft as the aircraft stalls, causing a wing to drop, which in extreme cases could lead to entering a spin.

24b. explain how weight and balance of an airplane can change during flight. ✔✔an airplane's weight can change during flight by the burning of fuel or dropping of cargo. the balance of an airplane can change by the movement of passengers or the incidental shifting or sliding of luggage or cargo during flight.

25b. explain how ground effect can both help and hinder during takeoff. ✔✔ground effect can be a double edged sword on takeoff. on the positive side, it will allow an airplane to fly at a slower speed than it could outside of ground effect. this is because induced drag is reduced so less thrust is needed to produce lift. this can be used to get the airplane into the air more quickly to allow easier and faster acceleration than would be possible on the ground. on the other hand, if the aircraft lifts off at too low an airspeed because of ground effect, it may not have enough speed to fly outside of ground effect and could end up setting back onto the runway.