Bacteriology Final Exam Notes: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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A female who is RH+ - correct answer ✔✔Is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency is - correct answer ✔✔AIDS Which of the following is incorrect about the role of mast cells and basophils in allergies? - correct answer ✔✔They are found mainly in the lymph nodes Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis? - correct answer ✔✔Opsonization All of the following are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity, except - correct answer ✔✔IgE Which is mismatched? - correct answer ✔✔hay fever - Type 4 hypersensitivity Scarlet fever is caused by strains of - correct answer ✔✔Streptococcus pyogenes Jose needs a kidney due to his diabetes. His sister is a close match and is willing to give him one of hers. What type of transplant is this? - correct answer ✔✔Allograft Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action? - correct answer ✔✔IFN Allergic reactions to penicillin are an example of a - correct answer ✔✔Type 1 hypersensitivity

Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies includes shots of HRIG and rabies vaccine. The HRIG provides _______ whereas the vaccine promotes the development of _______. - correct answer ✔✔artificial passive immunity; artificial active immunity The majority of categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are? - correct answer ✔✔Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. An 8-month old infant has been brought to the ER with a high fever. Her parents indicate that she has not been eating or drinking well and has been very irritable until the last few hours during which she has been only minimally responsive. Suspecting meningitis, a spinal tap is done and the CSF sample is sent to the lab for analysis. The white blood cell count on the sample is profoundly elevated, the protein content is elevated, and the glucose level is depressed. The Gram stained smear shows gram- positive cocci in pairs. Cultures are done and after overnight incubation, alpha hemolytic colonies are observed on the blood plate. These colonies contain gram- positive cocci, which are catalase negative. An optochin susceptibility test is done and there is a large zone of inhibition around the disk. What is the identification of this isolate? - correct answer ✔✔Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococci can be differentiated from streptococci by the - correct answer ✔✔Catalase test Which organism is associated with commonly caused UTI infections in sexually active young adult and adolescent females? - correct answer ✔✔Staphylococcus saprophyticus Meningicoccemia is - correct answer ✔✔Associated with vascular hemorrhage and petechiae Which of the following is most directly responsible for cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity reactions? - correct answer ✔✔complement activation

An example of artificial active immunity would be - correct answer ✔✔chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by - correct answer ✔✔macrophages Streptococcus pyogenes causes all the following, except - correct answer ✔✔scalded skin syndrome Which event releases the chemical mediators - correct answer ✔✔degranulation Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism - correct answer ✔✔T-cell and B cell responses The instillation of antibiotics in newborns eye will prevent ophthalmia neonatorum in newborns. This disease is caused by - correct answer ✔✔Neisseria gonorrhoeae Nonspecific chemical defenses include - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. The process by which antibodies block interactions between pathogens or their products and host cells is termed - correct answer ✔✔neutralization A pregnant women is told she has a positive CAMP test and should be treated with a course of antibiotics. This test is indicative of - correct answer ✔✔Group B streptococci Toxoids - correct answer ✔✔contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. The initial encounter with an allergen is called - correct answer ✔✔sensitizing dose An example of artificial passive immunity would be - correct answer ✔✔giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease

A positive quellung reaction, or capsular swelling, is confirmatory for - correct answer ✔✔Streptococcus pneumoniae The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is die to - correct answer ✔✔Erythrogenic toxin Which of the following is a risk of a bone marrow transplant that is not typically a risk of a kidney or heart transplant - correct answer ✔✔graft-versus-host disease Cody is a 4 month old and is given a DTaP injection by his pediatrician as part of the routine immunization schedule. What type of immunity will develop as a result of this? - correct answer ✔✔Artificial active immunity Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type 1 hypersensitivity? - correct answer ✔✔contact dermatitis What will be the immediate action of allergen when it enters the body for a second time? - correct answer ✔✔bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils Which of the immunizations would carry the greatest risk for immunocompromised patients? - correct answer ✔✔attenuated vaccines Antitoxins - correct answer ✔✔Contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin Which cells may carry out phagocytosis? - correct answer ✔✔macrophages and neutrophils Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except - correct answer ✔✔tuberculin reaction All of the following pertain to gonorrhea, except - correct answer ✔✔a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry

Which pathogen is the most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in the United States - correct answer ✔✔Streptococcus agalactiae A group A streptococcal infection that has symptoms of fever, edema of skin near portal of entry, and an elevated red, hot vesicular lesion is - correct answer ✔✔Erysipelas All of the following are characteristics of IgM, except - correct answer ✔✔is a dimer The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when - correct answer ✔✔fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother All of the following are involved in the development of a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction, except - correct answer ✔✔IgE Diapedesis is the - correct answer ✔✔migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. Which chemical, produced by S. Aureus, digests blood clots? - correct answer ✔✔Staphylokinase What is the Arthus reaction? - correct answer ✔✔an acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site The contribution of B cells is mainly in - correct answer ✔✔humoral immunity Which is incorrect regarding fever? - correct answer ✔✔It is associated exclusively with bacterial infections. Adaptive immunity occurs when - correct answer ✔✔the innate immune response fails to eliminate pathogens in the body and virulent infections persist after the initial innate defense response. Plasma cells - correct answer ✔✔produce and secrete antibodies

Which chemical produced by S. Aureus is also know as "spreading factor" - correct answer ✔✔Hyalurnidase The DTaP immunization - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. The immunoglobulin class that has a dimmer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body sec reactions is - correct answer ✔✔IgA The M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes - correct answer ✔✔protects against phagocytosis and enhances adherence Which of the following organisms would look most similar to Neisseria meningitidis on a gram stained smear - correct answer ✔✔Branhamella catarrhalis A 48-year old man has had nasal surgery and absorbent material has been inserted into his nasal cavity to control bleeding. Several hours ago he began to complain of a headache and has since developed a red rash over much of his body and is experiencing muscle cramps and diarrhea. His blood pressure has dropped to 75/50 mg Hg. This patient's illness is most likely caused by. - correct answer ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus — toxic shock syndrome toxin A patient has a suspicious skin infection and a culture is taken. Which media would be appropriate to select for staphylococci? - correct answer ✔✔Mannitol Salt Agar All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis, except - correct answer ✔✔caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing - correct answer ✔✔desensitization An example of natural passive immunity would be - correct answer ✔✔a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

Which of the following antibiotics specifically disrupts protein synthesis of streptococci? - correct answer ✔✔Macrolides Which type of anthrax is called "woolsorter's disease?" - correct answer ✔✔Pulmonary Which of the following organisms would look most similar to Neisseria meningitides on a gram stained smear? - correct answer ✔✔Branhamella catarrhalis Janice had been experiencing mild flu-like symptoms before going into premature labor at seven months. The premature baby boy developed complications immediately after birth, running a fever and demonstrating neurologic abnormalities. A cerebrospinal fluid specimen was collected and a gram stain of the specimen showed short Gram-positive bacilli. The CSF culture grew small beta hemolytic colonies that were catalase positive. A CAMP test was positive on this isolate. The same organism grew from blood cultures done on the baby. What is the most likely identification? - correct answer ✔✔Listeria monocytogenes Streptococcus pyogenes causes all of the following, except - correct answer ✔✔scalded skin syndrome Which of the following may be recommended for treating gangrene? - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. All species of staphylococcus - correct answer ✔✔produce catalase The toxin of staphylococcus aureus strains that causes blisters and desquamation of skin scalding syndrome is - correct answer ✔✔Exfoliative toxin Which of the following is the most likely method of transmission of nocardosis? - correct answer ✔✔Inhaling dust containing cells of nocardia Which is not a characteristic of Nocardia? - correct answer ✔✔they are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue

What is the usual cause of pseudomembranous colitis? - correct answer ✔✔therapy with broad- spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. difficile Necrotizing fasciitis is - correct answer ✔✔associated with strains of Streptococcus pyogenes producing destructive enzymes and toxins. Which is not correct about Bacillus cereus? - correct answer ✔✔causes a zoonosis Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of - correct answer ✔✔Clostridium tetani In which of the following situations would Staphylococcus epidermidis be the most likely etiologic agent?

• correct answer ✔✔infected IV catheter site Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and food Bourne botulism? - correct answer ✔✔Treatment involves antitoxin therapy All of the following is/are characteristic of lepromatous leprosy? - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct All of the following pertain to gonorrhea, except - correct answer ✔✔a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry A seasonal farmworker has been brought into the emergency room showing early symptoms of tetanus, including spastic contractions of face and neck muscles. His coworkers indicated that he had received a puncture wound in his hand a week prior to the onset of symptoms. His tetanus vaccination status is uncertain. Which of the following should be administered to the patient first, as soon as possible? - correct answer ✔✔tetanus immune globulin Neisseria gonorrhoeae is - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct.

All of the following are true about diphtheria toxin, except - correct answer ✔✔antitoxin (DAT) comes from immunized human plasma donors. The individuals most at risk for botulism are those that - correct answer ✔✔consume home-preserved foods. All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except - correct answer ✔✔Due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies A specimen was collected from a deep wound. A smear was prepared and Gram stained and samples were inoculated onto two blood agar plates. Both blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours at 35°C, but one blood agar plate was incubated aerobically and the other was incubated in an anaerobe jar. The Gram stain of the original specimen showed large gram-positive bacilli. After incubation, there was no growth on the blood agar plate that was incubated aerobically, but the plate incubated in the anaerobe jar grew beta hemolytic colonies. A Gram stain of these colonies showed large gram positive bacilli, some with unstained inclusions, suggestive of endospores. What is the most likely genus of bacteria observed - correct answer ✔✔Clostridium Disease/s caused by Streptococcus pneumonia include: - correct answer ✔✔All of the above Scarlet fever is caused by strains of: - correct answer ✔✔Streptococcus pyogenes An 85-year-old man has been experiencing weight loss, night sweats, and a dry cough for several months and just recently he has begun coughing up sputum with tinges of blood in it. Following a chest X-ray showing some white spots on his lungs, an AFB (Mycobacterial) stain and culture were ordered and both were positive for the presence of mycobacteria. He has been PPD positive since his 20's. Which of the following most accurately describes his current situation? - correct answer ✔✔reactivation tuberculosis A 48-year old man has had nasal surgery and absorbent material has been inserted into his nasal cavity to control bleeding. Several hours ago he began to complain of a headache and has since developed a red rash over much of his body and is experiencing muscle cramps and diarrhea. His blood pressure has dropped to 75/50 mg Hg. This patient's illness is most likely caused by. - correct answer ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus — toxic shock syndrome toxin

Staphylococci can be differentiated from streptococci by the - correct answer ✔✔catalase test Actinomyces israelii - correct answer ✔✔are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue. Which chemicals produced by S. Aureus is also know as "spreading factor"? - correct answer ✔✔Hyaluronidase The food-Bourne disease that involves neurotoxin is - correct answer ✔✔Botulism Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis? - correct answer ✔✔Clostridium perfringens Bacteria associated with food intoxication include __________. - correct answer ✔✔All of these Hydrogen peroxide is an effective antiseptic for ______ bacterial infection on the skin. - correct answer ✔✔Clostridium tetani Treatment and control of anthrax includes - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Actinomyces Israelii? - correct answer ✔✔endospore former All of the following are typical of nocardosis, except - correct answer ✔✔Usually develops in individuals with a healthy immune system Which of the following is not true about diphtheria? - correct answer ✔✔A. it is a zoonosis Which pathogen has drug-resistant strains called MRSA? - correct answer ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus Formation of a pseudo membrane in the back of the throat is seen in - correct answer ✔✔Diphtheria

Generally, what must healthy adults consume in order to contract botulism? - correct answer ✔✔botulin toxin on contaminated food Infections caused by S. Aureus include all the following, except - correct answer ✔✔Sore throat Rebecca lancefield differentiated streptococci on the basis of differences in their - correct answer ✔✔A. cell wall carbohydrates in a serological test. Tuberculoid leprosy - correct answer ✔✔Causes asymmetrical, shallow skin lesions with loss of pain sensation Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of - correct answer ✔✔Clostridium perfringens A common food intoxication is caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of - correct answer ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus Botulin, the toxin of botulism is - correct answer ✔✔only produced under anaerobic conditions. The enzyme that coagulates plasma is - correct answer ✔✔coagulase Characteristics of Bacillus Anthracis include all the following, except - correct answer ✔✔anaerobic The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheria that causes serious systemic effects is - correct answer ✔✔It's exotoxin Streptococcus pneumoniae is - correct answer ✔✔a gram positive diplococcus with a capsule. All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitis except - correct answer ✔✔common cause of bacterial pneumonia

Which form of anthrax involves a black eschar on the skin - correct answer ✔✔cutaneous Characteristics of rickettsias include - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which of the following distinguishes syphilis from yaws? - correct answer ✔✔Syphilis is sexually transmitted. Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which is not associated with tularemia? - correct answer ✔✔in animals, infects the placenta and fetus Lyme disease is caused by _______ transmitted by ticks. - correct answer ✔✔Borrelia burghdorferi Patients with legionellosis should be placed in isolation when hospitalized due to the contagious nature of the pathogen. - correct answer ✔✔False Which of the following are true about plague? - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct. The causative agent of Lyme disease is. - correct answer ✔✔Borrelia burgdorferi The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is. - correct answer ✔✔water and electrolyte replacement The pathogenesis of rickettsial infections often involves infection of. - correct answer ✔✔endothelial lining of blood vessels The secondary stage of syphilis. - correct answer ✔✔Is a time when the pathogen enters and multiples in the blood Which is not a characteristic of spirochetes. - correct answer ✔✔All are pathogenic

Oral flora balance on the tooth surface. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Lyme disease involves - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Cholera symptoms include. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. A cause of epiglottitis in children and young adults is. - correct answer ✔✔Haemophilus influenzae An organism found in coastal waters that causes a food infection and gastroenteritis due to a variety of contaminated raw and undercooked seafood is. - correct answer ✔✔Vibrio parahaemolyticus Although this bacteria is typically found in soil and water, burn wound patients are susceptible to _______ infection. - correct answer ✔✔Pseudomonas All of the following are correct about primary atypical pneumonia except. - correct answer ✔✔it has symptoms similar to pneumococcal pneumonia. Pertussis has the following characteristics, except. - correct answer ✔✔the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops." Ureaplasma urealyticum is implicated in which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔nongonococcal urethritis Which is not a characteristic of Helicobacter pylori? - correct answer ✔✔produces enteroxin that causes diarrhea Which of the following is an agent of the sexually-transmitted disease chancroid? - correct answer ✔✔Haemophilus ducreyi Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are typically resistant to carbapenem but sensitive to most other antibiotics. - correct answer ✔✔False

In patients with diabetes or liver disease, ingestion of raw oysters contaminated with this organism can lead to death. - correct answer ✔✔Vibrio vulnificus Pseudomonas is an enteric gram-negative rod. - correct answer ✔✔False Which of the following is not caused by Haemophilus influenzae? - correct answer ✔✔influenza, flu Yersinia pestis - correct answer ✔✔is usually transmitted by a flea vector A strain of Vibrio cholerae has mutated and is no longer able to produce cholera toxin. What is the most likely outcome of infection with this strain? - correct answer ✔✔Without its toxin, it will not cause diarrhea. A private in the US Army is stationed at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. He has been admitted to the infirmary with complaints of a severe headache and high fever. Upon questioning, he revealed that he had received a tick bite several days earlier. Two days after admission, he starts to develop a rash, beginning on his hands and feet and spreading towards his torso. Which of the following should be considered first in the diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔RockyMountain spotted fever Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to many antimicrobics. - correct answer ✔✔True The RPR, VDRL, MHA-TP, FTA-ABS, and TPI tests are used to diagnose. - correct answer ✔✔syphilis Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of Treponema pallidum? - correct answer ✔✔Grows well on chocolate agar in the laboratory The white-footed mouse, deer, and deer ticks are important to maintaining the transmission cycle associated with - correct answer ✔✔Lyme disease Which is incorrect about Leptospirosis? - correct answer ✔✔A vaccine is not available.

Chancroid is characterized by. - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct. Which of the following organisms causes a type of diarrhea with stools described as watery "rice water stools?" - correct answer ✔✔Vibrio cholerae Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of. - correct answer ✔✔Tularemia Legionella pneumophila. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which bacteria could be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? - correct answer ✔✔Both E. coli 0157:H7 and Shigella dysenteriae All of the following are associated with bubonic plague, except. - correct answer ✔✔A. it is transmitted by human feces. Which of the following is/are characteristic of lepromatous leprosy? - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct. Yaws, Pinta, and Bejel are diseases that. - correct answer ✔✔Are slow, progressive skin diseases that can spread to deep tissues. Plague is a quarantinable disease. - correct answer ✔✔True Characteristic of all the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae include. - correct answer ✔✔Glucose fermentation Why are penicillin and other beta lactate antibiotics not used for treatment of primary atypical pneumonia? - correct answer ✔✔The organism that causes primary atypical pneumonia does not have a cell wall, so penicillin and other beta lactate antibiotics will not work. Gingivitis is. - correct answer ✔✔A. primarily caused by anaerobic oral flora.

Leptospirosis has all the following characteristics except. - correct answer ✔✔It can be transmitted by animal bites. Although Burkholderia cepacia could be very useful in bioremediation programs, it is not feasible to use it. Why? - correct answer ✔✔A. Because it can cause opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract. Salmonelloses are. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which is incorrect regarding Q fever? - correct answer ✔✔transmitted by lice Which is incorrect about Yersinia Pestis? - correct answer ✔✔produces enterotoxin Which is incorrect about Mycoplasma pneumoniae? - correct answer ✔✔Birds are a reservoir. Which is incorrect about Lyme's disease? - correct answer ✔✔It is a new disease that started in Lyme, Connecticut Escherichia coli infections. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which of the following is normal oral and nasopharyngeal flora but is involved in infective endocarditis in adults who have underlying congenital or rheumatic heart disease? - correct answer ✔✔Haemophilus aphrophilus Which of the following is not correct concerning Legionnaires' disease? - correct answer ✔✔The disease is communicable from person to person. Pseudomonas aeroginosa causes all the following, except. - correct answer ✔✔Diarrheal illness. Salmonella typhi. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct.

The following are characteristics of Chlamydias except. - correct answer ✔✔Elementary bodies are metabolically active E. Coli 0157:H7 characteristics include all the following, except. - correct answer ✔✔A. it only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. - correct answer ✔✔Has symptoms that include fever, headache, and rash. Which is mismatched? - correct answer ✔✔A. Rickettsia rickettsii - epidemic typhus Chlamydia trachomatis causes. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which of the following bacterial genera contain members that are very similar physiologically to Pseudomonas and cause a similar spectrum of opportunistic infections? - correct answer ✔✔both Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas All of the following are correct about salmonelloses except. - correct answer ✔✔strains are normal flora in dogs and cats. Whooping cough is transmitted via respiratory droplets. The _______ stage lasts 1-2 weeks, while the ______ stage is characterized by severe coughing. - correct answer ✔✔catarrhal, paroxysmal Shigellosis is typically acquired via respiratory route. - correct answer ✔✔False The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenza serotype b is. - correct answer ✔✔Hib All of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni except. - correct answer ✔✔it infects the stomach The pathogen that causes Legionnaires' pneumonia also causes a milder infection called Pontiac fever. - correct answer ✔✔True

Proteus species often cause urinary tract infections. - correct answer ✔✔True Occasionally when doing serologic testing to identify strains of Salmonella isolates, the test for different O antigens is negative. What is the most likely explanation? - correct answer ✔✔The K antigens are masking the O antigens. Permanent cardiovascular and neurological damage is seen in which stage of syphilis? - correct answer ✔✔tertiary After being bitten by a tick on a hiking trip, Amy had chills, headache, muscle pain, nausea, lethargy, and rash. Before further testing, Amy's healthcare provider gave her information about which of the following diseases? - correct answer ✔✔Both anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis Which color pigment is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? - correct answer ✔✔blue-green Typhoid fever has the following characteristics, except. - correct answer ✔✔it is spread by handling reptiles E. Coli O157:H7 and E. Coli O111:H7 differ in their. - correct answer ✔✔Cell wall antigen Genes for which of the following may be transferred between fecal bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔all of the above The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from dog and cate bites or scratches is. - correct answer ✔✔Pasteurella multocida Erythema migrans, a bull's eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with. - correct answer ✔✔Lyme disease Pseudomonas aeruginosa is. - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct.

The tertiary stage of syphilis. - correct answer ✔✔Is when gummas develop in tissues. Shigella species have the following characteristics, except. - correct answer ✔✔they infect the small intestine. Salmonellloses are. - correct answer ✔✔All of these choices are correct. Which of the following is most useful for the definitive diagnosis of Lyme disease? - correct answer ✔✔Lyme antibody titers The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its. - correct answer ✔✔enterotoxin Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent. - correct answer ✔✔Brucellosis Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira are all. - correct answer ✔✔spirochetes Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut was due to bacterial infection? - correct answer ✔✔It responded to treatment with antibiotics. Species of Shigella are characteristically non-motile. Based on this information you can predict that members of the Shigella genus. - correct answer ✔✔do not have H antigens. Infected animals shed Leptospira interrogans in their. - correct answer ✔✔Urine Which of the following is usually the most effective and practical treatment for most cases of bacterial diarrhea? - correct answer ✔✔Oral rehydration with solutions of electrolytes and water Ornithosis - correct answer ✔✔is a zoonosis of certain types of birds. A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease. - correct answer ✔✔False

Based on a patient's medical history, a doctor suspects that the patient may have been exposed to syphilis several years prior. Since the patient is currently asymptomatic, the doctor will be testing to see if the patient is in the latent stage of syphilis. Which of the following would be the most effective way to diagnose syphilis during latency? - correct answer ✔✔Serological testing of blood specimens. Which is mismatched? - correct answer ✔✔A. H antigen - fimbriae Brucellosis is. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Relapsing fever involves. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Helicobacter pylori causes. - correct answer ✔✔All of the choices are correct. Which of the disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters? - correct answer ✔✔Legionellosis Which of the following is not correct concerning the plague? - correct answer ✔✔Strains of the plague bacillus are less virulent today as they were in the Middle Ages. Which of the following diseases could be prevented with proper sewage disposal and water purification?

• correct answer ✔✔cholera The chancre of syphilis. - correct answer ✔✔develops into a lesion with firm margins and an ulcerated central crater. Control of rodent populations is important for preventing - correct answer ✔✔tick-borne relapsing fever Viral hemorrhagic fever pose ________ - correct answer ✔✔The highest risk to national security and public health

Bacterial tick-borne disease include - correct answer ✔✔Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmorsis, ehrlichiosis Which of the following is a category C NIAID emerging infectious disease/pathogen? - correct answer ✔✔Rabies, hantaviruses, influenza virus Mosquito-borne flavivirus include - correct answer ✔✔West Nile, Zika, dengue Factors contributing to re-emerging disease include ______ - correct answer ✔✔All of the above Tick-borne viral disease include ______ - correct answer ✔✔Bourbon virus disease, Powassan encephalitis Control transmission of zoonotic disease include ______ - correct answer ✔✔All of the above Which of the following is a category B NIAID emerging infectious disease/pathogen? - correct answer ✔✔Coxiella burnetii, chikungunya virus, brucellosis spp. Which of the following is category A NIAID emerging infectious disease/pathogen? - correct answer ✔✔Yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis Which of the following is the most fatal disease? - correct answer ✔✔Rabies Symptoms associated Powassan virus infection include _____ - correct answer ✔✔All of the above Presence of IgM against Powassan virus in patient's serum indicates _____ infection. - correct answer ✔✔Acute infection