BACTERIOLOGY FINAL EXAM questions with complete solutions, Exams of Nursing

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BACTERIOLOGY FINAL EXAM questions with complete solutions thick peptidoglycan walls - correct answer ✔✔gram + teichoic acids - correct answer ✔✔gram positive gram positives - correct answer ✔✔acid fast cells contain mycolic acid gram stain positive - correct answer ✔✔blue gram negative - correct answer ✔✔thin peptigoglycan walls no techoic acids - correct answer ✔✔gram - gram negatives - correct answer ✔✔contain an outer membrane with two hydro phobic barriers gram stain negative - correct answer ✔✔pink lipopolysaccharides - correct answer ✔✔form periplasm between the outer membrane and plasma membrane lipopolysaccharides function - correct answer ✔✔protection from phagocytes, complement, and antibiotics listeria - correct answer ✔✔disease of the nervous system cell lysis by rocket propulsion meningitis - correct answer ✔✔disease of the nervous system swelling of the membranes surrounding the brain encephalitis - correct answer ✔✔disease of the nervous system swelling of the brain botulism - correct answer ✔✔disease causing paralysis/ neurological symptoms soil dwelling; sporulating, toxic botulism function - correct answer ✔✔prevents acetycholine release within the synapse tetanus - correct answer ✔✔disease causing paralysis/ neurological symptoms soil dwelling; sporulating toxic prevents release of glycine, causing no relaxation of the body leprosy - correct answer ✔✔myobacterium leprae rabies - correct answer ✔✔salive infects bloodstream, rises to the brain and other organs mad cow disease - correct answer ✔✔caused by a prion (infectious protein) anthrax - correct answer ✔✔disease of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system damages lymph system bacterial disease plague - correct answer ✔✔yersinia pestis, extremely infectious, transmitted by fleas/ by air borrelia - correct answer ✔✔relapsing fever, bulls eye rash, keeps surviving because of antigenic variation bacteriostatics - correct answer ✔✔microbe apears when agent is removed penicillin - correct answer ✔✔prevents cell wall growth; inhibits cell wall synthesis (gram -) cephalosporins - correct answer ✔✔2nd, 3rd, 4th, generation are more effective against gram negative bacitracin - correct answer ✔✔polypeptide antibiotic; inhibits cell wall synthesis (gram +), topical application vancomycin - correct answer ✔✔glycopeptide; important "last line" against MRSA isoniazid - correct answer ✔✔inhibits mycolic acid synthesis; antimyobacterium antibiotics ethambutol - correct answer ✔✔antimyobacterium antibiotics; inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid polymyxin b - correct answer ✔✔topical, injury to outer membrane; combination of bacitracin and neomycin cholamphenicol - correct answer ✔✔broad spectrum, inhibitor of protein synthesis; inhibits 50S units, inhibits peptide bond formation aminoglycosides - correct answer ✔✔streptomycin,neomycin,gentamycin; inhibits protein synthesis changes shape of 30S subunits quinolones/ flouroquinoles - correct answer ✔✔inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis; inhibits DNA gyrase, urinary tract infections- antibiotics of choice to treat gonorrhea sulfonamides - correct answer ✔✔inhibit folic acid synthesis protease inhibitor - correct answer ✔✔enzyme inhibitor ; indinavir (HIV) inhibit attachment - correct answer ✔✔enzyme inhibitor; zanamivir (flu) inhibit uncoating - correct answer ✔✔amantadine (flu) interferons - correct answer ✔✔prevent spread of viruses to new cells; viral hepatitis tamiflu - correct answer ✔✔osletamivir phosphate;inhibits neuraminidase; prevents emergence of virus from infected cell mutations - correct answer ✔✔can lead to antibiotic resistance beta-lactymase - correct answer ✔✔enzymatic destruction of drug T.B. - correct answer ✔✔prevention of penetration of drug ribosomal mutations - correct answer ✔✔alteration of drugs target site efflux pumps - correct answer ✔✔rapid rejection of the drug antibiotic resistance - correct answer ✔✔transferred horizontally on plasmids or transposons antimicrobial peptides - correct answer ✔✔broad spectrum from plants and animals squalamine - correct answer ✔✔sharks protegrin - correct answer ✔✔pigs magainin - correct answer ✔✔frogs antisense agents - correct answer ✔✔complementary DNA or peptide nucleic acids that binds to a pathogens virulence genes and prevents transcription total magnification - correct answer ✔✔power of ocular lens X power of objective lens numerical aperature - correct answer ✔✔describes how the condenser lens concentrates and focuses light rays from light source morphology - correct answer ✔✔staphylococci- grape looking spheres streptococci- chain of spheres methods for pure colonies - correct answer ✔✔streak plate pour plate spread plate all of them dilute a bacteria in a sample to and end point giving a pure colony goal for a good smear - correct answer ✔✔cause the cells to adhere to the slide insure shrinkage of cells does not occure prepare thin smears attraction of simple staining - correct answer ✔✔basic dyes attract to the bacteria. Anionic dyes wil not stain bacteria because of the electrostatic repelling forces charge of negative stain - correct answer ✔✔negative charge are acidic repulsion between the dyes - correct answer ✔✔because most dyes are negative the bacteria will not be stained but the background will. therefore gram negative bacteria show up white on a blue surface