Basic Biomechanics - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, Exams of Nursing

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Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Biomechanics - correct answer ✅✅ the application of principles and methods of mechanics to the structure (anatomy) and function (kinesiology) of the human body to produce stability and movement Mechanics - correct answer ✅✅ the branch of physics dealing with the study of forces and the effect of application of forces on stability and motion of a body Statics - correct answer ✅✅ involves factors associated with non-moving systems Dynamics - correct answer ✅✅ involves two factors associated with moving systems: kinetics and kinematics Kinetics - correct answer ✅✅ forces producing stabilization or movement in a system Kinematics - correct answer ✅✅ motion created by forces and incorporates the factors of time, space, and mass of a moving system

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Scalar - correct answer ✅✅ describes magnitude only common measures are: speed (miles per hour), length ( feet), area (3 square feet), volume (1 cubic foot), mass (kilogram) Mass - correct answer ✅✅ the amount, or aggregate, of matter in an object (such as a human body) Vector - correct answer ✅✅ magnitude and direction common measures are: force, velocity, acceleration Force - correct answer ✅✅ the amount and direction of push or pull applied to objects or body segments Gravity - correct answer ✅✅ the mutual attraction between the earth and an object Gravitational Force - correct answer ✅✅ the force exerted on an object or person as the result of gravity

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Weight - correct answer ✅✅ a result of a gravitational force and the mass of an object and always pushes directly downward Ground Reaction - correct answer ✅✅ the upward force a supporting surface exerts on an object (person) when a person pushes down on the supporting surface Friction - correct answer ✅✅ a force between two surfaces that increases resistance to motion of one surface across another Linear Forces - correct answer ✅✅ when two or more forces act along the same line Parallel Forces - correct answer ✅✅ occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction Force Couple - correct answer ✅✅ a specific configuration or parallel forces, occurring when two or more forces act

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

in different directions, producing either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation Concurrent Forces - correct answer ✅✅ when two or more forces act on an object, but push or pull in different directions Resultant Force - correct answer ✅✅ represents the sum of the magnitudes and directions of each individual force vector, indicating the magnitude and direction of movement resulting from the application of all forces acting on the object Traction - correct answer ✅✅ causes joint distraction, in which joint surfaces pull apart from one another, placing tension on tissues that hold joints together Compression - correct answer ✅✅ causes joint approximation in which joint surfaces are pushed closer together

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Shear - correct answer ✅✅ causes a gliding motion in which joint surfaces move parallel to one another Bending - correct answer ✅✅ when a force is not applied at the central axis of an elongated object, such as a long bone, and the object bends Torsional - correct answer ✅✅ two opposing forces creating twisting within an object Velocity - correct answer ✅✅ the rate of change of position (magnitude) and the direction of that change, measured by change of distance within a given time, such as feet (distance traveled) per second (time) Acceleration - correct answer ✅✅ the rate of change of velocity (magnitude) and direction of that change, measured by change in velocity (distance traveled per unit of time) per second (time) Torque (Moment of Force) - correct answer ✅✅ the tendency of a force to produce rotation about an axis

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Moment Arm (MA) - correct answer ✅✅ the perpendicular distance between the line of application of force and the axis of rotation Force Arm (FA) - correct answer ✅✅ the linear distance from the application of force to the axis of rotation Angle of Application of Force - correct answer ✅✅ the angle at which force is applied Laws of Motion - correct answer ✅✅ Isaac Newton's three laws that define the characteristics of motion Law of Inertia - correct answer ✅✅ First Law of Motion states that an object either stays at rest or remains in motion in a constant state, unless acted upon by an external force

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Law of Acceleration - correct answer ✅✅ Second Law of Motion defines the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a); the relationship is defined by the formula F=ma (Force = mass x acceleration) Law of Action-Reaction - correct answer ✅✅ Third Law of Motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Center of Mass (COM) - correct answer ✅✅ the point at which the sum of the mass of all body segments is located Center of Gravity (COG) - correct answer ✅✅ the point at which gravity acts on the COM

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Base of Support (BOS) - correct answer ✅✅ the area encompassed by a body's contact with a supporting surface Line of Gravity (LOG) - correct answer ✅✅ an imaginary vertical line passing through the COG toward the center of the earth Linear Motion (Translatory Motion) - correct answer ✅✅ when all parts of an object move the same distance, in the same direction, and at the same time Curvilinear Motion - correct answer ✅✅ movement that occurs in a curved path that is not circular Angular Motion (Rotary Motion) - correct answer ✅✅ movement of an object around a fixed point (axis) Simple Machine - correct answer ✅✅ a tool that permits a change in magnitude of effort (force) or direction of force required to lift a load, or both

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Mechanical Advantage - correct answer ✅✅ the measure of the relationship between force and distance necessary to create or control motion AND/OR the relationship between force expended and load moved, is used to measure the effectiveness of simple machines Lever - correct answer ✅✅ a rigid "plank" that can rotate about a fulcrum when forces are applied First-Class Lever - correct answer ✅✅ the axis (A) is between the force (F) and resistance (R), producing a configuration of F > A > R or R > A > F Second-Class Lever - correct answer ✅✅ resistance (R) is between the axis (A) and force (F), producing a configuration of A > R > F or F > R > A

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Third-Class Lever - correct answer ✅✅ force (F) is between the resistance (R) and axis (A), producing a configuration of A > F > R or R > F > A Pulley - correct answer ✅✅ a grooved wheel that turns about an axle (axis) Fixed Pulley - correct answer ✅✅ a single pulley attached to a fixed point, creating a first-class lever configuration (F > A > R) Movable Pulley - correct answer ✅✅ combines the principle of a fixed pulley to change direction of force application and the principle of a moving pulley to change the magnitude of force applied to lift a load Inclined Plane (Ramp) - correct answer ✅✅ is a slanted surface that rises from one level to another Carrying a heavy object across one's shoulders creates what force through the lower extremities? - correct answer ✅✅ Compression

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

Which of the following combinations of forces are imposed when carrying a heavy object in the right hand? a. Arm and trunk compression b. Arm and trunk traction c. Right arm traction and right-sided trunk compression d. Right arm compression and right-sided trunk traction - correct answer ✅✅ c. Right arm traction and right-sided trunk compression To push a large heavy box across the floor, an individual should stand: a. Parallel to the desired line of motion b. Perpendicular to the desired line of motion - correct answer ✅✅ a. Parallel to the desired line of motion Seat belts in cars are designed to prevent injuries related to which of Newton's laws? a. Law of inertia b. Law of acceleration

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

c. Law of action and reaction - correct answer ✅✅ a. Law of inertia Why does carrying a load on one's shoulders affect stability? a. Increased traction through joints b. COM is higher c. Newton's second law d. Shorter resistance arm - correct answer ✅✅ b. COM is higher Standing on the right lower extremity, flex the left knee so the heel moves closer to the buttocks. This creates which class of level at the left knee? a. First b. Second c. Third - correct answer ✅✅ c. Third Standing on the right lower extremity, extend the left knee from the position with the heel near the buttocks. This creates which class of lever at the left knee?

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

a. First b. Second c. Third - correct answer ✅✅ b. Second An individual is using a hand truck to move heavy boxes down a flight of stairs. The individual stands on the step above the hand truck, rolling it over the edge of the step and lowering it to the next lower step. Which class of lever is being used? a. First b. Second c. Third - correct answer ✅✅ a. First Rather than using a hand truck, the individual decides to lower a heavy box from a second-floor window using a pulley attached to the overhang of the roof. The individual attaches the rope to the box and over the pulley. Coworkers grasp the rope lifting the box off the window ledge and then lower the box to the ground. The pulley arrangement is using which class of lever to lower the box to the ground? a. First

Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Lynn S. Lippert Exam Question and

Answer

b. Second c. Third - correct answer ✅✅ a. First