BBE 1002 Final Exam questions with verified answers latest updated 2024., Exams of Economic history

Download BBE 1002 Final Exam questions with verified answers latest updated 2024. and more Exams Economic history in PDF only on Docsity! BBE 1002 Final Exam questions with verified answers latest updated 2024.  True or False?  The US is a net exporter of iron ore. (Lesson 1) - Correct answer True  The US imports about _______% of the copper it consumes. (Lesson 1) - Correct answer 30%  According to Dave Morris's 'The Once and Future Carbohydrate Economy', "In 1820, Americans used two tons of [plant matter] for every one ton of [coal/oil]... But by 1975 Americans used ________ ton(s) of [coal/oil] for every one ton of [plant matter]." (Lesson 1) - Correct answer Eight  According to the 2017 U.S. Energy Information Administration's report on proven crude oil reserves by country, the top two countries are 1. Venezuela and 2. Saudi Arabia. Which country ranks third for largest volume of proven reserves? - Correct answer Canada  Biorenewable resources are a subset of non-renewable resources. - Correct answer False  In the book "The Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise" the author suggests that all of the products we consume have their origin in ________________. - Correct answer mining, forest harvesting, or agriculture.  In the book Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP) the authors main frustration seems to be: (Lesson 1) - Correct answer People like to consume things but don't like extracting the resources needed to make these things.  Figure 2 showed the % consumption of different resources for the developed nations. It showed that in the year 2010 these countries consumed about __________ of the global petroleum  In the video Hans talked about the 4 billion people that live between the poverty line and "the airline". Of these 4 billion about how many people have washing machines? (Lesson 2) - Correct answer 1 billion  Assume the world population at the end of 2017 was 7.4 billion people. The population growth rate in 2018 is 1.07%. How many more people were on the planet at the end of 2018? (Lesson 2) - Correct answer about 80 million more  What are people most concerned about when they are arguing "Not in my backyard"? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer local environmental issues  From the video, the taconite in the Mesabi formation contains about ___% iron. (Lesson 3) - Correct answer 30%  What was one of the reasons, cited in the text, that there was a spike in oil prices in the 1970's? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer US oil production slowed  What example was used to explain the concept 'it takes more resources to extract more resources"? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer Mountaintop coal mining  Which of the following reasons were given for why countries import resources? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer It's cheaper because of cheap labor.  There is no local supply.  It's cheaper because of relaxed environmental regulations.  Match the stages of life cycle. (Lesson 3) - Correct answer Mining of iron ore - Extraction  Making steel from iron ore - Production  Recycling a car - End of life  Driving a car - Use  Building a car - Production  One of the big environmental issues with mining of metals is the tailing ponds. What are "tailings"? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer The leftover crushed rock after the metals are extracted.  Which best describes the concept "it takes resources to extract resources"? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer It takes water and fossil fuels to extract minerals or fossil fuels.  In Chapter 7 they cited a study that looked at the recycling rates of 60 different metals. They found that the recycling rate for over half of them was ___________. (Lesson 3) - Correct answer less than 1%  Given that we don't want to mine new resources because of environmental damage, we have to find ways to reduce consumption. What did Chapter 7 say about steel recycling? (Lesson 3) - Correct answer There is a significant benefit in recycling steel. northern hemisphere start to fade (concentrations are reduced) because of ____________. (Lesson 4) - Correct answer plant uptake of carbon dioxide  Since this class is about biorenewable resources (stuff from plants) it is good to note that plants take up carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. According to Figure 1, how much carbon do plants take up through photosynthesis? (Lesson 4) - Correct answer 123 billion metric tons  In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) what season showed the highest concentration of carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere? (Lesson 4) - Correct answer Winter  In an earlier lesson you learned about the history of the transition from wood to oil and coal as the primary fuel source. Since about 1800 there has been a 33% increase in carbon dioxide levels, globally. During this time period concentrations went from about ________________ to ______________. (Lesson 5) - Correct answer 300 ppm to 400 ppm  Only since the industrial age has there been greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. (Lesson 5) - Correct answer False  Figure 2 was meant to show: (Lesson 5) - Correct answer Including human greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes improved the computer model's predictions of global temperatures.  A group called the International Panel on Climate Change released a report in 2018 that outlined some likely impacts of a 1.5 degree change in global temperature. Which of these is NOT one of their concerns? (Lesson 5) - Correct answer Increasing rainfall across the southern hemisphere  Energy is measured in Watts/m2. Yep, the same 'watts' used when you are shopping for a light bulb. On average, how much solar energy reaches the earth's atmosphere? (Lesson 5) - Correct answer 340 Watts/m2  One consequence of climate change is longer growing seasons in northern climates. (Lesson 5) - Correct answer True  Identify the following as weather or climate events. (Lesson 5) - Correct answer Record low temperatures on Jan 31, 2019 - Weather  Flooding in Indonesia Oct. 2018- Weather  Average nighttime low temperatures are increasing in Minnesota in the winter - Climate  The frequency of droughts in Texas is increasing - Climate  The understanding of how greenhouse gases trap energy is a relatively new theory that scientists have been evaluating since was she referring to? (Lesson 6) - Correct answer Some areas of the country have cleaner elctricity.  It is estimated that there are about 20 lbs of CO2e per gallon of milk. Coke has a footprint of about 250 g CO2e/liter. Both evaluations were 'cradle to grave,' but we still have a problem with the comparison because they are in different units. What is milk's carbon footprint in g CO2e/liter (rounded)? (Lesson 6) - Correct answer 2400 g CO2e/liter  Setting of the "system or study boundaries" is part of the "impact assessment" step of the LCA. (Lesson 6) - Correct answer False  Which of the following was NOT a common problem listed with LCAs? (Lesson 6) - Correct answer LCAs are still uncommon and not conducted frequently enough.  Match the terms with the definitions. (Lesson 6) - Correct answer Refers to defining the product or system we are studying. - Function Unit  Collecting all of the data that is needed for an LCA - Inventory Analysis  Where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scope. - System Boundary  Life cycle assessment (LCA) can analyze a wide range of environmental and health impacts. Which of these are impacts that could be evaluated with an LCA? (Lesson 6) - Correct answer Eutrophication Potential, Ozone destruction, Ocean acidification potential, Human health, Climate change potential  During photosynthesis, how many sugar molecules are made from 6 carbon dioxide molecules + 6 water molecules? (Lesson 7) - Correct answer 1  The oldest part of the tree is___________. (Lesson 7) - Correct answer in the center of the tree.  True or False? Both trees and corn exhibit secondary growth (growing outward from the stem). (Lesson 7) - Correct answer False  Sap, the fluid flowing in the tree, has more sugar when it is moving ___________ . (Lesson 7) - Correct answer from branches to roots  True or False? As the kernel stages progress, the moisture content inside of the kernel decreases (AKA the kernels become drier). (Lesson 7) - Correct answer True  Put the growing phases of a corn plant in chronologically order. (Lesson 7) - Correct answer 1. Germination  2. Vegetative Growth  3. Reproductive Development  From Austin's video, we can conclude that wood makes for a great construction material because the xylem area of a tree is  Katie talked about a book (actually 2 books) that are used heavily in forest resource management. These books provide: (Lesson 8) - Correct answer The details of each tree species  Why is thinning used in forest management? (Lesson 8) - Correct answer Reduce the competition to allow for the remaining trees to grow bigger  Wood from short rotation woody crops is used for a variety of purposes including lumber, paper, and energy. (Lesson 8) - Correct answer False  What is the best definition of silviculture? (Lesson 8) - Correct answer Working with the nature to develop and maintain healthy forest systems  What fueled the Great Hinckley Fire? (Lesson 9) - Correct answer The dried tree branches and needles leftover (called slash) after clear cutting.  How many dry tons of forest resources do we use annually? (Lesson 9) - Correct answer 154 million  True or False? Globally, tropical forests are being lost to deforestation faster than temperate forests. (Lesson 9) - Correct answer True  Over time, our efficiency of wood use has increased. We've come up with lots of ways to turn sawdust, woodchips, and scraps into usable products instead of throwing them away. Nowadays, what percent of a harvest log is used? (Lesson 9) - Correct answer 99%  Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the dynamics of forest growth vs forest harvest in the US in terms of timber volume? (Lesson 9) - Correct answer Forest growth is almost double forest harvest.  True or False? Forest area in the United States has been stable (even increasing slightly) for the past 100 years. (Lesson 9) - Correct answer True  When Dr. Howe said "When forests are valuable, we tend to have forests." What was he talking about? (Katie Fernholz also discussed this concept in her video) (Lesson 9) - Correct answer If people buy and use wood products, we will have more trees.  What were some of the other benefits that trees provide (other than wood products)? (Lesson 9) - Correct answer scenic beauty  pollinator habitat  wildlife habitat  rainwater filtration  Corn grain is processed and fermented to create ethanol fuel. We will learn more about this later in the semester. For now, identify the feedstock of this process, based on the statement above. (Lesson 10) - Correct answer The corn grain  Which of the following might a farmer consider when making planting decision? Select all that apply. (Lesson 10) - Correct answer Fertilizer prices  Which crop will be profitable  Data from precision agriculture  Crop rotations  Dr. Friedland suggested that Small-scale agriculture has a lower energy subsidy than industrial, large-scale agriculture. (Lesson 11) - Correct answer True  Annual agriculture halts natural succession. How did the first video define "succession"? (Lesson 11) - Correct answer The natural process of change and development in an ecosystem over time.  What does "energy subsidy" mean? (Lesson 11) - Correct answer The amount of energy required for each calorie of food produced.  In the Forest Trends lesson, we learned that one of the issues our forests are facing today is habitat fragmentation. Modern, industrial agriculture contributes to habitat fragmentation. (Lesson 11) - Correct answer True  Production of cereal grains is becoming more efficient. We are getting more grain per area of cropland. How much yield increase has occurred since 1960? (Lesson 11) - Correct answer about 175%  All of the nitrogen that is applied to a field as fertilizer is taken up and used by the crop. (Lesson 11) - Correct answer False  In order to meet the global demands of our growing population, the number of acres of cereal cropland has _____________ since 1960. (Lesson 11) - Correct answer increased by about 15%  What is pesticide resistance? (Lesson 11) - Correct answer Over repeated applications, the pest population becomes less and less susceptible to the pesticide.  Which of the following are issues that result from all of a monoculture being harvested at once? (Lesson 11) - Correct answer The barren field is vulnerable to soil erosion  Removing the plants removes nutrients from the system  Match the BMP to its definition. (Lesson 11) - Correct answer Cover crops - Using plants to provide seasonal cover when the soil would otherwise be bare  Nutrient management - Applying the right type of fertilizer at the right time in the right place  Crop rotation - Rotating which crop is planted in the field each year organizations implement the PEFC system in the United States? Select both. (Lesson 12) - Correct answer American Tree Farm System (ATFS)  Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)  The American Tree Farm Certification system mostly deals with family-owned forestlands. (Lesson 12) - Correct answer True  Why is there more than one forest certification system? (Lesson 12) - Correct answer Because forest certification is a private, market-driven issue.  According to Paul Trianosky, how many acres of forests certified by SFI are there in the US and Canada, collectively? (Lesson 12) - Correct answer 240 million  In general about 99% of the harvested wood in US is used for some purpose (nothing wasted). How much of the wood in an average sawmill is processed into lumber? (Lesson 13) - Correct answer about 50%  Of all the material processed at an average U.S. sawmill, what percent goes on to become non-lumber products like paper, particleboard, and mulch? (Lesson 13) - Correct answer about 35%  Which of the following are included in the lumber production LCA mentioned in the lesson? Select all that apply. (Lesson 13) - Correct answer Plastic packaging waste  Fossil fuel use by the sawmill  Fossil fuels use by the trucks/trains that transport lumber  Match the forest harvest methods to their names. (Lesson 13) - Correct answer Selection harvest - Small groups of trees in a given area are harvested over many years.  Clearcutting - All trees in a large forested area are removed.  Shelterwood harvest - Mature trees are removed in two or three harvests over a period of 10 to 15 years.  How is lumber pressure treated? (Lesson 13) - Correct answer Preservatives are forced into the wood under vacuum and pressure  What is the most commonly used wood for construction in the US? (Lesson 13) - Correct answer Pine  Pretty cool the way they can take a round log and get a bunch of rectangular lumber. The pattern of the cut is determined primarily by ____________. (Lesson 13) - Correct answer economics (yield)  Put these events from the Vaagen Brothers harvesting video (first video) in order: (Lesson 13) - Correct answer 1. Trees are selectively harvested.  2. Skidder moves trees to processor.  Exceeded maximum load  I always forget . . . what is the term used for the force applied and is in units of lbs per area? (Lesson 14) - Correct answer Stress  Strain is a term used to describe (Lesson 14) - Correct answer change in length relative to the original dimension  An example of impact bending would be: (Lesson 14) - Correct answer Baseball hitting a bat  Match the following wood applications to the type of mechanical properties required. (Lesson 14) - Correct answer Railroad ties - Compression perpendicular to grain.  Wood flooring - Hardness  Wood beam support beneath the deck - Bending strength  One enhancement of particle board over lumber and plywood is _________. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer more uniform  In US, plywood layers are typically made up of softwood. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer True  Match the following: (Lesson 15) - Correct answer Plywood - Layers of thin wood in opposite direction.  OSB - Made with small wood strands/flakes.  Glulam - Good material for creative design with shapes.  Densified Wood - Very new product still in development.  What is the main purpose of engineered wood products? (Lesson 15) - Correct answer Adds value to the wood industry.  What are some features that engineered wood products could have that improve on conventional lumber? Select all that apply. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer Dimensional stability  Aesthetics  Size  Durability  In general, about half of the US CO2 emissions are from buildings. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer True  Mr. Green suggested that the only problem with Mass Timber Construction is that it will lead to deforestation. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer False  Mr. Green suggests wood is the only building material that can help with climate change. He said wood is the only real option because it _________________. (Lesson 15) - Correct answer both captures and stores carbon dioxide  Where is Michael Green's company located? (Lesson 15) - Correct answer Vancouver  Why is fire not an issue in Mass Timber Construction? (Lesson 15) - Correct answer average of 200 lbs CO2/year. How many of these average trees would be required to capture the carbon emitted by one person in one year? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer 100 trees  Which of the following options for a tree results in the quickest return of carbon to the atmosphere? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer Harvested and used for energy  "Carbon sequestration" is defined by Wikipedia as "a process where carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in a liquid or solid form." Planting trees are often used as a good example of carbon sequestration. Why is this not really true? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer Eventually the carbon captured by a tree gets back to the atmosphere.  The amount of carbon dioxide captured by a tree per year is a function of many things. When a tree is small it might just be a few pounds of carbon dioxide per year. When a tree is older it may be 500 pounds of CO2 per year. What might we use as an average rate of carbon dioxide capture for an assumed life span of 40 years? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer 200 lbs per year  The study by Berkeley National Lab suggested that in comparing LCA of building materials, the functional unit comparison must be based on similar heating and cooling requirements for the buildings. (Lesson 17) - Correct answer True  In the deck board comparison, the GHG emissions (or global warming potential) is more for the _____________. (Lesson 17) - Correct answer Wood Plastic Composite  An LCA comparison with wood buildings typically indicates wood is better in the Global Warming Potential category but not in the other impact categories. (Lesson 17) - Correct answer False  Which of the following has the biggest impact on a home or office building? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer The resources used during building occupancy  Which of the following best describes the term 'attribution of impacts'? (Lesson 17) - Correct answer Impacts from harvesting a tree should be divided between the different wood products.  A cradle to gate analysis of dimension lumber would include the following inputs (select all that apply): (Lesson 17) - Correct answer Energy for kiln drying for lumber  Energy for packaging the lumber  Energy for harvesting the trees  True or false? Cellulose is an example of a polysaccharide. (Lesson 18) - Correct answer True  True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide. (Lesson 18) - Correct answer True  5. Distillation  Which of the following is the most correct? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer Yeast naturally produce ethanol, but we genetically modify them to produce it more efficiently  True or false? The dried distillers grains (DDGs) leftover from ethanol production are most commonly used as a source of energy to power the distillation process. (Lesson 19) - Correct answer False  Why is fermentation considered an "upstream" biotechnology process? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer Because it occurs before recovery, purification, and packaging  What host organism did they use in the video to produce the green fluorescent protein (GFP)? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer Genetically modified E. coli  What are some key factors that must be regulated and monitored in the fermentation tank? Select all that apply. (Lesson 19) - Correct answer Nutrient levels  Temperature  pH  Pressure  Which of the following is true? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer Both statements are true.  Based on the NIH graphic, what is a plasmid? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer A loop of bacterial DNA that we can insert our desired gene into  How do genetically modified microorganisms produce the biochemicals we want? (Lesson 19) - Correct answer They go about their normal lives. Since the chemical is now encoded in their DNA, it's automatically produced as they grow, live, and reproduce.  More plastic was produced by mass in 2015 than any other material. (Lesson 20) - Correct answer False  The most widely produced plastic in 2015 was (Lesson 20) - Correct answer polyethylene  An example of a type of biodegradable plastic is: (Lesson 20) - Correct answer PLA  Biodegradable plastics are chemically identical to traditional plastics. (Lesson 20) - Correct answer False  The rate of global plastic production (mass per year) is expected to stay the same over the next 50 years. (Lesson 20) - Correct answer False  Biodegradable plastics easily breakdown in all environmental conditions. (Lesson 20) - Correct answer False  Why inhibits the syngas platform from being used on a commercial scale? (Lesson 21) - Correct answer It's inefficient and doesn't produce pure ethanol.  How does biomass break down during pyrolysis? (Lesson 21) - Correct answer Gas bubbles form inside the biomass cell walls, expanding until they burst.  Bio-oils produced from pyrolysis have the same chemical structure as oils produced from petroleum. (Lesson 21) - Correct answer False  What is the purpose of transesterification? (Lesson 21) - Correct answer To chemically modify vegetable oil to improve its fuel properties.  What is a biorefinery? (Lesson 21) - Correct answer A range of technologies used to break down biomass into its building block components which can then be converted to value-added products.  Match the following: (Lesson 22) - Correct answer Biofuel - transporation  Bioenergy - heat, electricity, transportation  Biopower - electricity and heat  Biomass - feedstock  Global energy use is about 500 quadrillion BTUs. The United States uses about 20% of this energy. How many BTUs is that? (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 100 quadrillion BTUs  How much of our transportation fuel in the US is from petroleum? (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 92%  Amazingly, about ____________% of the global energy comes from biomass. (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 10%  What percent of US greenhouse gas emissions is from transportation? (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 28%  The United States imports most of our fossil fuel energy. (Lesson 22) - Correct answer False  The two things we need for an EROI are: (Lesson 22) - Correct answer Energy Input  Energy Output  How much of the US GHG emissions are from transportation? (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 28%  True or False: Natural gas is used primarily for transportation. (Lesson 22) - Correct answer False  How much of the energy used in the United States comes from renewable energy sources? (Lesson 22) - Correct answer 11%  Can I drive farther on one gallon of gasoline or one gallon of ethanol? (Lesson 24) - Correct answer Gasoline  True or False:  Since 2010 the acres planted to corn have increased by about 30%. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer False  True or False: Ethanol from corn is a bad idea because it competes with food production and increases food prices. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer False  Biodiesel from soybeans has a GHG reduction of ______ compared to petroleum diesel. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer 76%  According to the lesson we are currently producing significant amounts of biofuels from algae. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer False  True or False:  RFS2 requires the same amount of corn based ethanol in 2022 as in 2017. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer True  Ethanol from corn is sometimes referred to as a first generation biofuel. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer True  Most of the biodiesel in the US is from (Lesson 24) - Correct answer soybean oil  The RFS2 calls for _____________ billion gallons of ethanol from corn in 2022. (Lesson 24) - Correct answer 15  What are the options for using biogas? Select all that apply. (Lesson 25) - Correct answer Electricity Production (CHP)  Direct Heating  Upgrade it and put it in the natural gas pipeline  True or false:  Food scraps contain less energy per ton than manure. (Lesson 25) - Correct answer False  We do not typically put waste oil from restaurants into digesters because (Lesson 25) - Correct answer a higher value product for oil is biodiesel  About _________________ of MSW is biomass (organic). (Lesson 25) - Correct answer 60%  Organic waste that could be digested includes: (check all that apply) (Lesson 25) - Correct answer paper  food  manure  human waste  True or False:  Anaerobic digestion is a relatively new technology. (Lesson 25) - Correct answer False  Which two countries are the world's top palm oil producers? (Lesson 26) - Correct answer Indonesia  Malaysia  What are some benefits to palm oil? (Lesson 26) - Correct answer More oil per acre than other crops  Provides jobs in some very poor countries.  Possibly more environmental damage by having to produce the oil from other crops.  Unique ingredients not found in other oils  True or False: Developed countries like the U.S. and those in the European Union have nothing to do with illegal logging in tropical countries. (Lesson 26) - Correct answer False  What does "laundering" timber refer to? (Lesson 26) - Correct answer Mixing illegal timber with legal timber during transport or at the mill  According to the Government Effectiveness map, Brazil is more corrupt than China. (Lesson 26) - Correct answer True  Why did Greenpeace have a problem with the logging company Sodefor? (Lesson 26) - Correct answer They believed Sodefor engaged in human rights violations.