BBE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH RIGHT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024., Exams of History

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BBE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH

RIGHT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED

 According to Dave Morris's 'The Once and Future Carbohydrate Economy', "In 1820, Americans used two tons of [plant matter] for every one ton of [coal/oil]... But by 1975 Americans used ________ ton(s) of [coal/oil] for every one ton of [plant matter]." - Correct answer eight  Biorenewable resources are a subset of non- renewable resources. - Correct answer false  Natural resources include: - Correct answer air, metallic minerals, water, non-metallic minerals, fossil fuels, land  Which of the following are considered biorenewable?

• Correct answer animal manure, sewage, trees  According to the 2017 U.S. Energy Information Administration's report on proven crude oil reserves by country, the top two countries are 1. Venezuela and 2. Saudi Arabia. Which country ranks third for largest volume of proven reserves? - Correct answer Canada

 In the textbook reading from Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP), Dr. Bower gave three reasons why the US is such a large importer of raw materials. What were they? - Correct answer We consume a lot.  There is opposition to the environmental impacts of raw material extraction.  We don't recycle enough.  In the Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP) text the author wrote that the three pillars of sustainability are ecology, economy and society. What was his point? - Correct answer A healthy society must balance economics with the environmental protection.  When we think about consumption of resources there is both indirect and direct consumption. Match the following: - Correct answer lesson 2  If someone asked you if we should be concerned about running out of petroleum (crude oil) in about 40 years what would your response be? - Correct answer No, probably not.  In the video Hans talked about the 4 billion people that live between the poverty line and "the airline". Of these 4 billion about how many people have washing machines? - Correct answer 1 billion  In his video Hans Rosling indicated that 1/7th of the population (1 billion of the total of 7 billion) use about ________ of the energy. - Correct answer 50%

 Globally consumption of minerals is about 12 tons per person per year. However, this is slightly misleading because - Correct answer wealthy developed countries consume much more and poorer countries consume much less.  Figure 2 showed the % consumption of different resources for the developed nations. It showed that in the year 2010 these countries consumed about __________ of the global petroleum consumption. - Correct answer 50%  What was the current R/P ratio for crude oil in 2010? - Correct answer 43 years  The graph showing the % consumption of various materials from the developed nations was super interesting. It showed that these countries often consumed about 50% of the global resources yet represent only about _______% of the global population. - Correct answer 11%  Assume the Proven Reserves of the mineral bambium are 50 tons and the consumption rate of bambium is 2 tons per year. What is the R/P ratio?  (Note: with minerals were production is the same as consumption as there is no point in mining if it is not being sold and consumed.) - Correct answer 25 years

 Assume the world population at the end of 2017 was 7.4 billion people. The population growth rate in 2018 is 1.07%. How many more people were on the planet at the end of 2018? - Correct answer about 80 million more  The Mesabi Iron Range mine video spent some time highlighting the steps the company took to protect the environment. - Correct answer True  We did not spend too much time on specific environmental impacts; we just listed different types of potential environmental impacts:  impacts to land  impacts to water  impacts to air  impacts to human health  Some may argue this, but which of these did we say was most important? - Correct answer impacts to human health  What example was used to explain the concept 'it takes more resources to extract more resources"? - Correct answer Mountaintop coal mining  Which of the following reasons were given for why countries import resources? - Correct answer It's cheaper because of cheap labor.  There is no local supply.  It's cheaper because of relaxed environmental regulations.

 From the video, the taconite in the Mesabi formation contains about ___% iron. - Correct answer 30%  What was one of the reasons, cited in the text, that there was a spike in oil prices in the 1970's? - Correct answer US oil production slowed  What are people most concerned about when they are arguing "Not in my backyard"? - Correct answer Local environmental issues  Which best describes the concept "it takes resources to extract resources"? - Correct answer It takes water and fossil fuels to extract minerals or fossil fuels.  Given that we don't want to mine new resources because of environmental damage, we have to find ways to reduce consumption. What did Chapter 7 say about steel recycling? - Correct answer There is a significant benefit in recycling steel.  Because we are starting to see consumption as the problem Chapter 7 suggested a couple of options: recycling and materials use efficiency. What best describes materials use efficiency? - Correct answer Building the same product with less materials  If you watch the animation called "Pumphandle", it tracks CO2 concentrations back 800,000 years. In the

animation, pre-industrial concentrations were about ___________. - Correct answer 280 ppm  The carbon cycle is drawn out in Figure 1. How much carbon is being emitted from human activity?  Correct! - Correct answer 9 billion metric units  Plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere because of photosynthesis. Living plants also put carbon dioxide back in the atmosphere through a process called _____________. - Correct answer respiration  Figure 1 notes _________ billion metric tons of carbon being emitted from microbial respiration. - Correct answer 60  In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) what season showed the highest concentration of carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere? - Correct answer Winter  Figure 3 shows the carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from the different sources. In 1900 the greatest CO2 emissions were from _________. - Correct answer Land Use change  True or False? Water vapor is considered a greenhouse gas. - Correct answer True

 Since this class is about biorenewable resources (stuff from plants) it is good to note that plants take up carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. According to Figure 1, how much carbon do plants take up through photosynthesis? - Correct answer 123 billion metric units  The topic of biorenewable resources draws on information from all over the world. As such, sometimes the measurements we use are in metric (e.g. kilogram, meter) and other times standard units (e.g. lbs, feet). Anything about the carbon cycle is done in the metric system. "Tons" in the carbon cycle refers to metric tons. How much is a metric ton? - Correct answer 1000 kg  In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) the red colors in the northern hemisphere start to fade (concentrations are reduced) because of ____________. - Correct answer plant uptake of carbon dioxide  If you were (somehow), in a car going 60 miles per hour, driving straight up towards the sky, how long would it take for you to reach the edge of the stratosphere?  Use this conversion:  (earth surface to stratosphere) x (1 hour/60 miles) x (60 minutes/1hour) = - Correct answer 30 minutes

 Only since the industrial age has there been greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. - Correct answer False  The understanding of how greenhouse gases trap energy is a relatively new theory that scientists have been evaluating since about 1980. - Correct answer False  How do greenhouse gases work? - Correct answer They absorb infrared energy reflected from the earth.  One consequence of climate change is longer growing seasons in northern climates. - Correct answer true  You are walking along one sunny winter day and the suddenly you cry "Albedo! Too much albedo!"What were you looking at? - Correct answer fresh snowfall  The global temperatures in the last ice age were about _______degrees Celcius cooler than current global temperature of 15C. - Correct answer 4  In Figure 2 of the lesson text, (the global temp modeling graph) what do the different lines mean? - Correct answer lesson 5  Energy is measured in Watts/m2. Yep, the same 'watts' used when you are shopping for a light bulb.

On average, how much solar energy reaches the earth's atmosphere? - Correct answer 340 Watts/m  According to the lecture an LCA provides _____________ - Correct answer information to assess the environmental impact of a product or service  There was a rather mixed message in the video regarding hand drying. Tim suggested that they are about equal and dependent on where the electricity comes from or where the trees were grown and what environmental impact was most important. However, near the end of the lecture Emily and Katie presented a study that did a complete LCA on three hand drying methods. What was the conclusion of the study Emily and Katie found? - Correct answer Electric hand dryers (such as Dyson) were best  It seems that no one can agree on units so we always have to do some conversions.  It is estimated that there are about 20 lbs of CO2e per gallon of milk. Coke has a footprint of about 250 g CO2e/liter. Both evaluations were 'cradle to grave,' but we still have a problem with the comparison because they are in different units. What is milk's carbon footprint in g CO2e/liter (rounded)? - Correct answer 2400 g CO2e/liter

 Which of the following was NOT a common problem listed with LCAs? - Correct answer LCAs are still uncommon and not conducted frequently enough.  True or False: Consumers do not typically perform an LCA before making a purchase, though they might use the results from an LCA that have been summarized on a label or on a company's website. - Correct answer true  Refers to defining the product or system we are studying.  Functional Unit  Collecting all of the data that is needed for the LCA Inventory Analysis  Where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scope. - Correct answer Functional unit refers to the product being used.  Inventory Analysis refers to documenting all of the processes and products in a functional unit.  System boundary indicates where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scopes. (Gate to Gate or Cradle to Grave)  The LCA Briefing mentions that LCA is an internationally standardized process. The organization that developed the standards is called the International Standards Organization (ISO) - appropriate name I think... What is the official ISO standard number?  ISO LCA - Correct answer ISO 14040

 Cellular respiration uses solar energy to produce sugar. - Correct answer false  Knots in wood are the result of branch formation. - Correct answer true  One of the functions of ray cells is to hold the layers of the tree together. - Correct answer true  Identify whether the following parts of corn are part of the male or female flower. - Correct answer quiz 7  From Austin's video, we can conclude that wood makes for a great construction material because the xylem area of a tree is ____________. - Correct answer large and strong  The oldest part of the tree is___________. - Correct answer center  True or False? As the kernel stages progress, the moisture content inside of the kernel decreases (AKA the kernels become drier). - Correct answer true  Put the growing phases of a corn plant in chronologically order. - Correct answer quiz 7  The Australian in the video said that the tree fills the heartwood with chemical compounds called extractives which improve the wood's _________.

(Select all that apply) - Correct answer durabiliy and streght  Which of the following best explains why trees have a higher lignin content than lettuce? - Correct answer Trees grow much taller than lettuce and need the additional structural support.  In many of the readings in forestry you will see the term "roundwood". This term refers to - Correct answer Generally any wood that is cut and has a round cross section.  The term "lumber" refers to - Correct answer A tree that has been harvested & processed for construction.  Plantations typically use GMO trees. - Correct answer false  two most important factors in where forests can grow are: - Correct answer Amount of precipitation  Temperatures  What is the best definition of silviculture? - Correct answer Working with nature to develop and maintain healthy forest systems  Why is thinning used in forest management? - Correct answer Reduce the competition to allow for the remaining trees to grow bigger

 About ____% of forests in the US are plantation forests. - Correct answer 10  In the late 1800's, most people supported the clear- cutting of forests by lumbermen. - Correct answer true  What is the difference between forestland and timberland? 9 - Correct answer Timberland is a specific category of forestland that is capable of producing large volumes of wood.  Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the dynamics of forest growth vs forest harvest in the US in terms of timber volume? - Correct answer Forest growth is almost double forest harves  Over time, our efficiency of wood use has increased. We've come up with lots of ways to turn sawdust, woodchips, and scraps into usable products instead of throwing them away. Nowadays, what percent of a harvest log is used? - Correct answer 99%  True or False? Globally, tropical forests are being lost to deforestation faster than temperate forests. - Correct answer true  Globally, what percent of forest areas are planted? This includes plantation forests and replanting natural forests. - Correct answer 7%

 There has been an increase in tree mortality due to insects and wildfire over the past decade. - Correct answer true  The majority of forests in the Western U.S. are owned by private corporations and individual families. - Correct answer false  According to the Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise, one of the reasons the volume of wood in US forests has increased over the past years is we are importing more wood from countries such as Canada. - Correct answer true  farming v forestry - Correct answer quiz 10  About what percent of the corn grain is starch? - Correct answer 60%  Which is larger? - Correct answer The number of acres of US forestland  In 2017 the US had about __________ million bushels of corn in surplus (termed carry out). - Correct answer 2500  In the world of grain, production is typically measured in bushels. Bushel is a measure of ___________. - Correct answer volume

 What do we mean when we say "dedicated crops"? - Correct answer Crops grown specifically for the production of bioenergy or bioproducts  A farm exclusively grows soybeans in 2017. The following year, on the exact same area of land, they only grow corn. This is an example of crop rotation.  True or false: This is also an example of a monoculture. - Correct answer true  Corn grain is processed and fermented to create ethanol fuel. We will learn more about this later in the semester. For now, identify the feedstock of this process, based on the statement above. - Correct answer corn grain  Which of the following might a farmer consider when making planting decision? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Which crop will be profitable  Correct! Fertilizer prices  Correct! Crop rotations  Correct! Data from precision agriculture  What does "energy subsidy" mean? - Correct answer The amount of energy required for each calorie of food produced.  What is a monoculture? - Correct answer Growing one crop species in a given area.

 What is pesticide resistance? - Correct answer Over repeated applications, the pest population becomes less and less susceptible to the pesticide.  About 35% of our total land on the planet is devoted to agriculture. This is significant. But not all of our total land is habitable (some are glaciers or other barren land). Looking specifically at habitable land, what percent is devoted to agriculture? - Correct answer 50  Why are monocultures more susceptible to pests than a more diverse cropping system? - Correct answer It's easy for a pest to feed, grow, and multiply in a monoculture of its preferred plant.  Which of the following are issues that result from all of a monoculture being harvested at once? - Correct answer The barren field is vulnerable to soil erosion  Correct! Removing the plants removes nutrients from the system  In order to meet the global demands of our growing population, the number of acres of cereal cropland has _____________ since 1960. - Correct answer increased by 15%  Cover crops  Using plants to provide seasonal cover when the soil would otherwise be bare  Correct!Nutrient management Applying the right type of fertilizer at the right time in the right place

 Correct!Crop rotation Rotating which crop is planted in the field each year  Correct!Conservation tillage Leaving crop residue on the soil surface  Correct!Contour buffer strip - Correct answer quiz 11  Which of the following are reasons a landowner/company might want to get their forests certified? Select all that apply. - Correct answer To gain access to new markets.  To show their consumers their forests are sustainably managed.  So that they can put an eco-label on their product and potentially charge more for it.  What is the difference between management certification and chain-of-custody certification? - Correct answer Management certification ensures responsible management, chain-of-custody ensures the origin of a material/product.  Environmental certification is typically voluntary - companies and producers can choose if they want to comply. - Correct answer true  Most certifying bodies keep their records private so there is no way to double check if a company is certified. - Correct answer false

 What is an Environmental Product Declaration? - Correct answer A certified document that communicates the life-cycle impacts of a product  Match the eco-label type to the meaning. - Correct answer quiz 12  The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) is an international certification system. Which two organizations implement the PEFC system in the United States? Select both. - Correct answer American Tree Farm System (ATFS)  Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)  Why is there more than one forest certification system? - Correct answer Because forest certification is a private, market-driven issue.  The American Tree Farm Certification system mostly deals with family-owned forestlands. - Correct answer true  Selection harvest  Small groups of trees (or individual trees) in a given area are harvested over many years  Correct!Clearcutting All trees in a large forested area are removed  Correct!Shelterwood harvest - Correct answer quiz 13

 How is lumber pressure treated? - Correct answer Preservatives are forced into the wood under vacuum and pressure  At a typical US sawmill, 11-12% of the log goes to energy production. This portion is made up of _________. - Correct answer bark and other wood scraps  In the US, a 2 x 4 softwood lumber used in construction has the actual dimension of ___________. - Correct answer quiz 13  What is the most commonly used wood for construction in the US? - Correct answer pine  As stated in the lesson, sawmills use energy. About what percent of the energy used in a US sawmill is generated from wood waste? - Correct answer up to 80  The graphic in the introduction shows the system boundary for life cycle assessment of the production stage of (softwood) lumber. The first part of this production stage is ________________. - Correct answer forest mgmt  How much of the wood in an average sawmill is processed into lumber? - Correct answer 50

 The EMC of wood changes with changing relative humidity. - Correct answer true 14  The lumen of tracheids can be thought of as - Correct answer The space inside the tracheid cell.  Wood shrinks when its cells lose water. This happens when wood - Correct answer dries below FSP  Warping is only a problem with deck boards. - Correct answer false  Framed lumber is dried to - Correct answer 15-19% MCd  Fiber Saturation Point is when ______________________. - Correct answer Lumen is empty and cell walls are saturated.  Specific gravity is a measure of _____________? - Correct answer Solid material in a given volume of wood  n tension or compression, Youngs modulus is another term for - Correct answer Modulus of Elasticity  An example of impact bending would be: - Correct answer baseball and bat

 One enhancement of particle board over lumber and plywood is _________. - Correct answer more uniform  What are some features of Cross Laminated Timber? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Stiff and strong in all directions  Alternating layers of lumber board  Plywood  Layers of thin wood in opposite directions  Correct!OSB Made with small wood strands/flakes  Correct!Glulam Good material for creative design with shapes  Correct!Densified Wood - Correct answer quiz 15  What are some features that engineered wood products could have that improve on conventional lumber? Select all that apply. - Correct answer quiz 15  In US, plywood layers are typically made up of softwood. - Correct answer true  Why is fire not an issue in Mass Timber Construction?

• Correct answer Large lumber does not easily start on fire (think logs).  Mass timber panels are made with young small trees.
• Correct answer true

 Black liquor can be best described as: - Correct answer Cooking liquid containing broken-down lignin 16  Americans recycle about what percentage of the paper we consume? - Correct answer 66  In the United States, paper is primarily made from trees specifically harvested for papermaking. - Correct answer false  In the paper life-cycle, dioxins are formed during: - Correct answer bleaching of wood pulp  Hardwoods produce paper that is weaker than that made from softwoods. - Correct answer true  How many times can paper be recycled before the fibers get too short? - Correct answer 5-7  Mechanical pulping produces weaker paper than chemical pulping because: - Correct answer Mechanical methods physically tear the fibers from one another  Paper is made from pulp of primarily which part of the plant (wood) materials? - Correct answer tracheids  Paper and paperboard products make up approximately what percentage of garbage (municipal

solid waste) sent to landfills or incinerators? - Correct answer 25  Besides wood, what other bio-materials could be used as a fiber source for making paper? (select all that apply) - Correct answer cotton  Correct! straw  Correct Answer grasses  The amount of carbon dioxide captured by a tree per year is a function of many things. When a tree is small it might just be a few pounds of carbon dioxide per year. When a tree is older it may be 500 pounds of CO2 per year. What might we use as an average rate of carbon dioxide capture for an assumed life span of 40 years? - Correct answer 1uiz 17  A person has an annual carbon footprint of 20,000 lbs CO2/year (typical for US). Over its lifetime, a tree in a forest will capture an average of 200 lbs CO2/year. How many of these average trees would be required to capture the carbon emitted by one person in one year? - Correct answer 100  "Carbon sequestration" is defined by Wikipedia as "a process where carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in a liquid or solid form." Planting trees are often used as a good example of carbon sequestration. Why is this not really true? - Correct answer Eventually the carbon captured by a tree gets back to the atmosphere.

 Which of the following options for a tree results in the quickest return of carbon to the atmosphere? - Correct answer Harvested and used for energy  In the deck board comparison, the GHG emissions (or global warming potential) is more for the _____________. - Correct answer Wood plastic composite  A cradle to gate analysis of dimension lumber would include the following inputs (select all that apply): - Correct answer Energy for harvesting the trees  Correct! Energy for packaging the lumber  Correct! Energy for kiln drying the lumber  The functional unit in the LCA cradle to gate study on dimension lumber is a very common one for building materials. What was the functional unit? - Correct answer Volume of dimensioned lumber  An LCA comparison with wood buildings typically indicates wood is better in the Global Warming Potential category but not in the other impact categories. - Correct answer false  Which of the following has the biggest impact on a home or office building? - Correct answer he resources used during building occupanc

 What is the main difference between a starch molecule and a cellulose molecule? - Correct answer The linkages between the glucose monomers  Which of the following is more commonly used as a source of sugar for the production of bioproducts? - Correct answer corn starch  rue or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide. - Correct answer true  Why is it more challenging and more expensive to make bioproducts out of lignocellulosic feedstocks than starchy feedstocks? Select all that apply. - Correct answer More enzymes are required to break down lignocellulosic biomass than starchy biomass  Correct! Lignocellulosic feedstocks require more extensive pretreatment  Using corn starch as a source of sugar for ethanol production is equally popular everywhere in the world.

• Correct answer false quiz 18  What is the main reason people are interested in making biofuel and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass? - Correct answer It has the potential to be a cheaper, more sustainable feedstock than starch  What percent of bioproducts made from corn come from the starch in the kernels (as opposed to the