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Autism is a: A. Neurodevelopment Disorder B. Mood Disorder C. Metabolic Disorder - Correct answer-A ASD is characterized by: A. "Difficulties with reading, writing and math" B. "Difficulties in social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviors" C. "Difficulties with communication, acting out and academics" D. "Difficulties with following instructions and self harming" - Correct answer-B ABA is the cure for autism
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Autism is a: A. Neurodevelopment Disorder B. Mood DisorderC. Metabolic Disorder - Correct answer-A
ASD is characterized by: A. "Difficulties with reading, writing and math"B. "Difficulties in social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviors" C. "Difficulties with communication, acting out and academics"D. "Difficulties with following instructions and self harming" - Correct answer-B
ABA is the cure for autism
B. FALSE - Correct answer-B The three term contingency is A. Antecedent-Behavior-ConsequenceB. Lions-Tigers-Bears C. Environmental Event-Behavior-ConsequenceD. Antecedent-Behavior-Reward - Correct answer-A
Behavior must: A. Occur outside of the person B. Be observable by another personC. Be defined as good or bad D. A and B - Correct answer-D We seek to understand how ________ influence the occurrence of behavior A. EverythingB. Private Events C. Environmental eventsD. Rewards - Correct answer-C
Which is not an area we would work on with our clients? A. Hitting classmates B. CommunicationC. Feeling Angry
D. Difficulties with social interaction - Correct answer-C Frequency is: A. The length of time it takes to START a behavior after the instruction is given B. Assigning numbers to different prompt levelsC. The number of times the behavior occurs D. The length of time that a behavior occurs - Correct answer-C ABC Data A. "Records the antecedent, behavior and consequence of problem behaviors"B. Is when target behaviors occur C. The length of time a behavior occursD. The ratio of number of times a behavior occurs per unit of time - Correct answer-A
Whole-Interval Time Sampling A. "Records the antecedent, behavior and consequence of problem behaviors" B. The target behavior is recorded as a (+) if occurs throughout the entire intervalC. The length of time a behavior occurs D. The length of time it takes to START a behavior - Correct answer-B Rate A. The behavior is recorded as a (+) if occurs at least once at any point during the intervalB. The number of times the behavior occurs C. Assigns numbers to different prompt levelsD. The ratio of number of times a behavior occurs per unit of time - Correct answer-D
Percent A. Count of Behavior/number of opportunities X 100B. The ratio of number of times a behavior occurs per unit of time C. The number of times the behavior occursD. The length of time that a behavior occurs - Correct answer-A
Scatterplot A. The length of time a behavior occurs B. The number of times the behavior occursC. When the target behavior occurs D. The behavior is recorded as a (+) if occurs at least once at any point during the interval - Correctanswer-C
Duration A. The ratio of number of times a behavior occurs per unit of time B. The length of time it takes to START a behavior after the instruction is given"C. The number of times the behavior occurs D. The length of time a behavior occurs - Correct answer-D Prompt Level A. When the target behavior occursB. Assigning numbers to different prompt levels C. Count of Behavior/number of opportunities X 100D. "Records the antecedent, behavior and consequence of problem behaviors" - Correct answer-B
Partial Interval Time Sampling A. The behavior is recorded as a (+) if occurs at least once at any point during the intervalB. The target behavior is recorded as a (+) if occurs throughout the entire interval C. The time it takes to START a behavior after the instruction is givenD. The number of times a behavior occurs - Correct answer-A
Latency A. The length of time that a behavior occurs B. When the behavior occursC. The length of time it takes to START a behavior after the instruction is given D. Count of behavior/number of opportunities X100 - Correct answer-C Positive reinforcement is when you add a stimulus to the environment to increase the future frequencyof that behavior.
A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-A Low effort responses should receive the most powerful reinforcers. A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-B
Positive reinforcement should be delivered: A. Immediately after the desired behavior
B. at the end of the session C. After you record the data - Correct answer-A The following is an example of an unconditioned reinforcer: A. TVB. Food C. IphoneD. Bubbles - Correct answer-B
Erica correctly answered 10 math problems. What is an example of a behavior specific praise statement? A. "Good job" B. "All done"C. "Great work on your math problems, Erica" D. "Erica, awesome!" - Correct answer-C What is the best way to determine what items to use as a reinforcer during the session? A. Ask the parentsB. Give them M & Ms because you know they like them C. Use whatever toys are in your bagD. Conduct a preference assessment - Correct answer-D
A conditioned reinforcer is a reinforcer that is not learned A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-B
Negative reinforcement is the same thing as punishment A. True B. False - Correct answer-B Scratching a bug bite is an example of negative reinforcement A. TrueB. False - Correct answer-B
Yelling "no talking" to a group of noisy students is an example of negative reinforcement. A. True B. False - Correct answer-B You should use intermittent reinforcement when teaching a new skill. A. TrueB. False - Correct answer-B
Pressing 'start' on the microwave and the microwave beginning is on what type of schedule ofreinforcement?
A. continuous reinforcementB. intermittent reinforcement - Correct answer-A
A schedule of reinforcement tells you: A. When to deliver a reinforcement
B. What reinforcer to deliver - Correct answer-A What produces a post-reinforcement pause? A. FI B. VIC. FR D. VR - Correct answer-A & C Delivery of reinforcement after every 5 baskets made during a game is an example of what type ofschedule of reinforcement?
A. FI B. VIC. FR D. VR - Correct answer-C Checking your email throughout the day is maintained by what schedule of reinforcement? A. FIB. VI C. FRD. VR - Correct answer-B
Variable schedules of reinforcement produce steady rates of responding A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-A
Tokens can be exchanged for: A. candy B. toysC. breaks D. all of the above - Correct answer-D Tokens should be delivered immediately after the desired behavior A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-A
Providing tokens for the first correct response after 12 minutes is on what schedule of reinforcement? A. FI 12 B. VI 12C. FR 12 D. VR 12 - Correct answer-A During extinction, a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by a reinforcer, and thebehavior____________ in the future.
A. decreases B. increasesC. stays the same - Correct answer-A
During an extinction burst, the behavior may temporarily increase in ____________, ______________,or _____________.
A. frequency, duration or intensity B. "rate, length, force"C. "frequency, rate, duration" D. all the above - Correct answer-A _______________ is when a previously extinguished behavior occurs again in the future. A. Impromptu recoveryB. Voluntary recovery C. Spontaneous recoveryD. Impulsive recovery - Correct answer-C
A behavior will decrease more quickly after continuous reinforcement rather than intermittentreinforcement
A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-A
In extinction of a positively reinforced behavior, the ______________ is no longer delivered after thebehavior.
A. reinforcerB. baseline C. dependent variableD. antecedent - Correct answer-A
When using differential reinforcement to reduce problem behavior, the clinician provides _________ forappropriate behavior and __________ for problem behavior.
A. "reinforcement; punishment"
B. "punishment; withholds reinforcement (extinction)" C. "reinforcement; reprimands"D. reinforcement; withholds reinforcement (extinction)" - Correct answer-D
If you are using a differential reinforcement procedure, you are using extinction. This means you ignorethe client when they engage in problem behavior as long as the behavior does not escalate to a crisis behavior (continuos severe aggression, property destruction, self injurious behavior) A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-A Your client often engages in aggression when you place a demand on him (e.g., tell him to sit at thetable, clean up, etc.). The behavior intervention plan includes a DRA and provides instructions on how to reinforce compliance (e.g., when he does sit down or clean up, give him access to a favorite toy). What ismissing?
A. Description of a punishment procedure B. Instructions on what the parents should doC. Description of an extinction procedure D. Description of reinforcement procedure - Correct answer-C What are the essential components of a skill acquisition program: A. Target GoalB. Data Collection Method C. Teaching proceduresD. All of the above - Correct answer-D
Which teaching procedure is therapist directed, structured, and uses contrived reinforcers?
A. Natural environment teaching B. Discrete Trial TrainingC. Shaping D. Differential reinforcement - Correct answer-B What teaching procedure uses the ABC contingency to teach goals? A. Natural environment teachingB. Discrete Trial Training C. No-No PromptingD. Both A and B - Correct answer-D
RBT's can deviate from the plan or design their own interventions. A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-B The most effective interventions combine both NET and DTT A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-A
Stimulus control is when a response is more likely to occur in the presence of a certain stimulus A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-A You put three pictures on the table in front of your client: a car, a block, and a dog. Then, you say "Pointto dog." If your client points to the dog you say "YAY!" and give them a preferred toy. If they point to the
car or the block, you do not say anything and move on to another trial. This lesson (deliveringreinforcement for the correct response, no reinforcement for incorrect response) will result in:
A. Stimulus fadingB. Stimulus control C. Response controlD. Response analysis - Correct answer-B
When Julie sees her friend Carlos, she says "Carlos!" and Carlos looks at Julie and says "Hi, Julie!" WhenJulie sees her friend Tina, she says "Carlos!" and Tina does not look at Julie or say hi. These consequences will eventually lead to Julie only saying "Carlos" when Carlos is present, meaning herresponse of saying "Carlos" is now under stimulus control.
A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-A
Which of the following factors is NOT involved in discrimination training? A. Client Response B. PunishmentC. Reinforcement D. Discriminative Stimulus - Correct answer-B During discrimination training, the RBT provides reinforcement when: A. "The picture of the car is present when the client says "car""B. "The picture of the bike is present when the client says "car"" C. "The picture of the bike is present when the client says "bike""D. Both A and C - Correct answer-D
You are teaching a client to respond correctly to the instruction "sit down." On your first trial you say "sitdown" and the client begins running around the room. What consequence should you provide?
A. Give him a high fiveB. "Say "great job" and move on" C. Say nothing and move onD. "Say "that's bad" and tell his parents?" - Correct answer-C
A prompt is a response the client makes before making the correct response to a question. A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-B Which of the following is NOT a type of prompt? A. GestureB. Physical C. ImitationD. Model - Correct answer-C
What is most-to-least prompting? A. Presenting a stimulus the most amount of times to the least amount B. Letting the client make the most amount of errors to the least amount of errorsC. Beginning with the least intrusive prompt and working up to the most intrusive prompt D. Beginning with the most intrusive prompt and working up to the least intrusive prompt - Correctanswer-D
Prompt dependency is always the client's fault because they know being is easier than respondingcorrectly
A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-B
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent prompt dependency? A. Fade prompts as quickly as possible B. Mix new targets and mastered targetsC. Ask client if they are ready for the prompt to be faded D. Use the correct prompt type - Correct answer-C Which of the following is NOT an example of a skill taught via task analysis? A. Washing HandsB. Tying Shoes C. "Saying "Car""D. Preparing a meal - Correct answer-C
About how many steps make up a task analysis? A. 3 B. 6C. 10 D. It depends on the client and skills being taught - Correct answer-D Kathy is teaching her client how to put on a jacket. First, she teaches her client to pick up the jacket.After the client completes this step independently, she teaches him to put one arm through a sleeve. After he is doing that independently, she teaches him to put the second arm through and so on. Whatchaining procedure is Kathy using?
A. Forward Chaining B. Backward ChainingC. Total Task D. None of the Above - Correct answer-A The following chaining procedure is used most often because the client learns the step closest toreinforcement first.
A. Forward Chaining B. Backward ChainingC. Total Task D. None of the Above - Correct answer-B Jack is working with a client on getting dressed. The client often stops halfway through the task orcompletes step out of order. What visual may be helpful for Jack's client?
A. First, then Board B. Choice BoardC. Task Analysis Visual D. Picture Activity Schedule - Correct answer-C While Samantha was working with a client, she said "wait" and then put a timer on the table in view ofthe client. Why might Samantha have done this?
A. The client is in time out B. Samantha is taking duration dataC. The timer is a visual aid for the client D. None of the Above - Correct answer-C What is generalization?
A. A general description of a clients skillsB. The ability of the RBT to use their ABA skills with multiple clients C. The ability of the client to use their skills across different people and settingD. None of the Above - Correct answer-C
What is one way to promote generalization? A. Talk to the client about the importance of generalization B. Tell the parents that generalization is their responsibilityC. Use several examples of stimuli when teaching the client D. All of the above - Correct answer-C Tony often gets the attention of his mother by saying "Mommy!" when he sees her. After saying"Mommy!," his mother comes over and gives him a hug. Now, Tony also says "Mommy!" when he sees his father. What is the likely consequence? A. Reinforcement, Tony's father will give him a hugB. Reinforcement, Tony's father will give him a high 5 C. Extinction, Tony's father will not respondD. Extinction, Tony's father will say "No" - Correct answer-C
Tony often gets the attention of his mother by saying "Mommy!" when he sees her. After saying"Mommy!," his mother comes over and gives him a hug. Now, Tony also says "Mommy!" when he sees his father. His father does not respond. What is the likely result? A. Tony's father will gain stimulus control over the response "mommy" B. Tony will only say "mommy" when he sees his motherC. Tony's mother will gain stimulus control over the response "mommy" D. Both B and C - Correct answer-D
You are teaching your client (a 13-year-old girl) to identify appropriate peers to interact with. When sheattempts to approach a group of similar aged children, you say "great job!" and encourage her to go over. When she attempts to approach a group of 5-year-old children, you don't say anything andredirect her. What type of teaching procedure are you using?
A. Chaining B. ReinforcementC. Maintenance D. Discrimination training - Correct answer-D The following is an example of most-to-least prompt fading? A. Vocal, gesture, partial physical, full physicalB. Full physical, partial physical, model, gesture C. 5 second delay, 2 second delay, 0 second delayD. Partial physical, full physical, vocal, model - Correct answer-B
A task analysis chains together several complex skills so the client feels more challenged. A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-B Arthur is learning how to tie his shoes. His RBT says "Tie your shoes" then prompts each step for theentire task. The RBT continues this procedure until Arthur ties his shoes independently. What type of chaining procedure? A. Forward ChainingB. Backward Chaining C. Total Task
D. None of the Above - Correct answer-C Elizabeth was engaging in tantrums each time her RBT asked her to transition from one activity toanother. The BCBA and RBT decided to implement a program in which the RBT places several pictures of Elizabeth's activities on a board and Elizabeth removes each picture after they complete thecorresponding activity. What type of visual aide is this?
A. Picture Activity ScheduleB. Choice Board C. First, then boardD. Communcation Visual - Correct answer-A
Generalization is never the priority. It should only be worked on if there is spare time in the session. A. TRUE B. FALSE - Correct answer-B Alicia is teaching Lydia point to the color blue when told "touch blue." First Alicia uses picture cards toteach her. Then, Alicia collects a variety of blue items from around the house and teaches using these items. What is Alicia doing? A. Promoting maintenanceB. Promoting stimulus control C. Promoting GeneralizationD. Trying to confuse Lydia - Correct answer-C
Phillip has taught his client, Thomas, to identify all of his body parts. At the end of one of his sessions,Phillip asks Thomas' parents to have Thomas identify body parts outside of session. What is Phillip doing? A. Promoting maintenance
B. Promoting Generalization C. Promoting Stimulus DiscriminationD. Both A and B - Correct answer-D
A mand is: A. A label of a stimulus B. A conversation skillC. A verbal imitation D. A request - Correct answer-D Which of the following helps individual's verbally communicate? A. Sign LanguageB. Picture Exchange Communication System C. Oral LanguageD. All of the above - Correct answer-D
Which verbal operant do we usually teach a learner first? A. mand B. echoicC. tact D. Intraverbal - Correct answer-B Which of the following labels a stimulus within the environment? A. echoicB. mand
C. tact D. Intraverbal - Correct answer-C During receptive instructions the instructor models the behavior for the learner A. TRUEB. FALSE - Correct answer-B
Who conceptualized verbal behavior? A. B.F. Skinner B. Donald BaerC. Edward Carr D. Jon Bailey - Correct answer-A Which part of the contingency is said to increase or decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring inthe future?
A. Antecedent B. BehaviorC. Consequence - Correct answer-C
Which part of the contingency does not cause the behavior, but only sets the stage? A. Antecedent B. BehvaviorC. Consequence - Correct answer-A
Screaming at your sister because you want a hug:
A. AttentionB. Escape C. TangibleD. Automatic - Correct answer-A
Refusing to write your name when being presented with the instruction to do so: A. Attention B. EscapeC. Automatic D. Tangible - Correct answer-B Throwing over a table when presented with an activity: A. AttentionB. Escape C. AutomaticD. Tangible - Correct answer-B
Standing in the middle of the classroom twirling beads while other students laugh and the teacherdirects you to sit back in your seat.
A. AttentionB. Escape C. AutomaticD. Tangible - Correct answer-A
Crying and tantruming when a mother says no to candy in the store:
A. AttentionB. Escape C. AutomaticD. Tangible - Correct answer-D
Not answering your phone when you see it is a bill collector: A. Attention B. EscapeC. Automatic D. Tangible - Correct answer-B Leg shaking during a meeting. A. AttentionB. Escape C. AutomaticD. Tangible - Correct answer-C
A mother is waiting in the checkout line at the grocery store. Her daughter asks for a candy bar. Themother says "no," and the daughter throws herself on the floor and begins to scream. The mother then gives her the candy and the daughter stops screaming. How would you prevent her from screamingduring a future grocery store trip?
A. Tell her if she screams she will be in time out when they get home.B. Give her the candy bar before she asks, so she won't scream in the checkout line. C. Review expectations before starting the activity, or increase reinforcement for appropriate behaviors.D. Hope that it won't happen this time and if it does, leave the grocery store and the groceries behind. - Correct answer-C
You have placed math materials on the desk in front of a student. He picks up the materials and throwsthem across the room. You get up, pick up the materials and walk away. How could you prevent him throwing materials tomorrow? A. Increase opportunities for choice in the materials that are placed on his desk.B. Don't give the student the materials. C. Tell the student he will have to leave the classroom if he throws materials.D. Express your frustration with the student comparing him to others who do not throw their materials.
Which of the following is not a function of behavior? A. Attention B. Property DestructionC. Automatic (sensory) Reinforcement D. Escape - Correct answer-B Which portion of the three term contingency maintains the behavior? A. Private Events
B. Antecedent C. ConsequenceD. Attention - Correct answer-C
A crisis management plan is WARRANTED when: (only select one choice below) A. "There is refusal to perform, being disrespectful" B. "When someone is engaging in disruptive behaviors such as making noises or profanity"C. "A peron's behaviors are dangerous, extreme and posing eminent danger for oneself or others." D. "When alternative interentions are not immediatley feasible, safe or effective"E. C and D - Correct answer-E
________baseline data points do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do notsuggest any clear trend
A. stableB. ascending C. VariableD. descending - Correct answer-C
________ baseline data show no evidence of an upward or downward trend; all of the measures fallwithin a relatively small range of values
A. stableB. variable C. descendingD. ascending - Correct answer-A
________ baseline is a data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time