Bio 100 Exam 1 With 100% Correct Answers 2023, Exams of Advanced Education

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Bio 100 Exam 1 With 100% Correct

Answers 2023

What is Science - Correct Answer-A way of discovering facts about the universe and a way to organize them into conceptual schemes? Explain the Scientific Method - Correct Answer-A technique to discover new things that involves a process that analyzes an idea and attempts to back it up. Understand the Flow of the Scientific Method - Correct Answer-Ask a question, make observations, create a hypothesis, design an experiment and test it, record data, make conclusion that supports or disproves hypothesis, report findings. What is a hypothesis and what conditions must be met? - Correct Answer-A hypothesis is a idea about how something works. It must be falsifiable (able to be proven false) and testable. What is a null and alternative hypothesis? - Correct Answer-Null: H(0) a hypothesis that rejects the hypothesis and states there will be no change. Alternative: H(1) a hypothesis that reflects that there will be an observed effect. Difference between inductive and deductive methods? - Correct Answer-Inductive: combining a series of observations to recognize a general principle. Deductive: using the general principle to predict an expected observation (if, then). Why do experiments use treatments and controls, what is a controlled experiment? - Correct Answer-To see if the treatment or experiment has an effect. A controlled experiment is where they have a group that is given a placebo drug or no treatment in order to measure the differences in the experimental group. What is a blind experiment? What is double blind? - Correct Answer-A experiment where the subjects aren't aware of what they are predicted to experience (ex for drug tests placebo or real drug?). A double blind is where the researchers aren't aware of which subjects aren't sure if the subjects are in the experimental group or the control group. What are the ethical issues associated with placebos? - Correct Answer-Birth Control pills can't give fake ones in order to test affects. Why do we use model systems? - Correct Answer-In order to test hypothesis that would raise ethical or practical problems when tested on people. Examples include fruit flies, mice, bacteria.

Understand the notion that correlation is not causation? - Correct Answer-A correlation is a relationship between two variables. However this does not mean that the correlation is the cause because there are many different variables to take into account. Why do we use statistical tests, how is a test related to the experimental design? - Correct Answer- What is the difference between a primary and secondary source of scientific info? - Correct Answer-A primary source comes directly from a source that has first hand experience with the test or the study. A secondary source analyzes and interprets a primary source. Why should you be careful to use secondary sources for info and which sources are more reliable than others? - Correct Answer-A secondary source doesn't have first hand experience from the study and experiment so there is a possibility that there facts could be misleading. Good secondary sources come from reputable organizations and news agencies that provide good information. What defines a living organism? - Correct Answer-A common set of biological molecules. All composed of cells. Can grow, move, reproduce, respond to stimuli and metabolize. What is homeostasis and why is it important? - Correct Answer-A set point that is set by the body. If this point is disturbed changes will occur to reset it. Understand the water molecule and its chemistry? - Correct Answer-Neutral but charge is not evenly distributed. There are 6 electrons in the outer shell of the oxygen molecule and 1 in the hydrogen molecule. Hence oxygen has a stronger pull. Polar bond -O and +H. Permanent electrical diplo What is hydrogen bond? - Correct Answer-A chemical bond that causes water molecules to be attracted to one another. What are the differences between a solution, a solute and a solvent? - Correct Answer- Solvent: Water. A solute is something that dissolves with water. A solution is the result of 2 substances that are mixed. How do covalent bonds and ionic bonds differ? - Correct Answer-Ionic bonds: occur when theres a transfer of electrons. Generally easier to break. Covalent bonds: occur when electrons are shared generally stronger. How is pH measured? What determines high or low pH? - Correct Answer-Measures amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. Acid donates H+ and Base accepts H+. The higher the concentration (the lower the pH) of H+ the more acidic it is.

List 4 classes of macromolecule? - Correct Answer-Organic compnents that make up 4 classes: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid Primary function of each macromolecule and where in the cells are they used? - Correct Answer-See Attached What is the most abundant macromolecule, which contains the most energy? - Correct Answer-Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. Lipids provide the most energy Know all monomers and polymers of each class of macromolecules? - Correct Answer- Carbs Monomer: monosaccharides Polymers: disaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide Proteins Monomers: Amino Acid Polymers: Polypeptide Lipids Monomers: Fatty acids Polymers: triglycerides Nucleic Acid Monomers: Nucleotide Polymers: DNA or RNA What makes amino acids specific , what is a nucleic acid? - Correct Answer-They preform critical tasks and functions. A nucleic acids are long chains of genetic information. Name some examples of each class of macromolecules? - Correct Answer-Carbs: Glucose sugar Protein: Amino Acids Lipids: Saturated fats Nucleotides: DNA and RNA Which macromolecules dissolve in water and which don't? - Correct Answer- What are trans fatty acids? - Correct Answer-Fats made from incomplete hydrogenation of chemicals. Very unhealthy not needed in diet. Why can to many saturated fatty acids be harmful to the body? - Correct Answer-It can increase your cholesterol and it is considered a bad fat. From animal sources. How do steroids differ from other fatty acids? - Correct Answer- What does cholesterol do, and what is HDL, LDL and how do their functions differ? - Correct Answer-Produces; hormones, vitamin d and bile and provides structural support to cells. LDL is bad and HDL is good can remove LDL. Which is the most important nutrient? - Correct Answer- What is the difference between macromolecules and micronutrients? - Correct Answer- Macro is needed in large amounts and micro is needed in small amounts. What is an essential nutrient? - Correct Answer-Something your body can't produce on its own.

What are processed foods and what are whole foods? Differences? - Correct Answer- Processed foods are refined and lose natural nutrients in order to look or taste different. Whole foods are non processed. Which foods contain all amino acids? Why do herbivores need to pay extra attention to their protein intake? - Correct Answer-Meat contains many amino acids. Legumes, cereals and roots also contain some amino acids. Because not all vegan options can contain the needed essential amino acids. Name the two classes of vitamins? Why can a vitamin overdose be dangerous? - Correct Answer-Water and fat soluble vitamins. An excess supply of some vitamins (A, D, E, K) can become toxic due to them being fat soluble. How do minerals differ from vitamins? - Correct Answer-There isn't any carbon in minerals so they are considered inorganic. How are calcium and vitamin D related? - Correct Answer-Your body needs calcium to help blood clot and muscles contract. Vitamin D allows calcium to be easily absorbed and helps with bone growth. What is a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? - Correct Answer-Pro: no cell nucleus has two layers bacteria also older. Eukaryotic plant and animal cells contains a nucleus, younger than pro. Which cell components differ between plant and animal cells? - Correct Answer-Plant cells contain cell walls. What happens during osmosis? - Correct Answer-Movement of water across membrane considered to be passive. Moves from high to low concentrations goes through aquaporins. How does transport into and out of cells function?` - Correct Answer- What is diffusion? Name 3 mechanisms of cell transport? - Correct Answer-Diffusion is movement of high to low concentrations. Passive transport, Facilitated diffusion, active transport. What is an enzyme and how does it function? - Correct Answer-A protein that acts like a catalysis to speed up a specific biological reaction. What is substrate? - Correct Answer-A molecule upon which enzymes act. How are activation energy and specificity related to enzymes? - Correct Answer- Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers and converting substrate molecules to products. Each enzyme is specific to a specific substrate.

What is the energy we use in our cells? - Correct Answer- What is the energy we use in our cells? - Correct Answer-ATP Know the structure and function of ATP? - Correct Answer-ATP a adenosine triphosphate Supplies energy to cells. It is attracted from the food we consume. What is meant by cellular respiration and where does most of it happen in a cell? - Correct Answer-Energy from food stored in chemical bonds is broken and extracted. The first part takes place in the cytoplasm and the last two take place in the mitochondria. Know the process of metabolism? - Correct Answer-Metabolism is the term used to describe all of the chemical functions that occur in the body. Regulated by enzymes that speed up processes. You need activation energy to begin which regulates when the function occurs. Enzyme then binds to substrate at activation site and a shape change called induced fit occurs to force the two together. What is the difference between respiration and fermentation? - Correct Answer- Fermentation is removing the glucose of a substance while leaving the alcohol in it. Fermentation do not need oxygen but it can't be used for long it produces lactic acid which can hurt the body Respiration is the exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide. It needs Oxygen What is a BMI and how is it measured? What does it tell you? - Correct Answer- Understand eating disorder s and their effect on the body? - Correct Answer-Obesity BMI of 30+ Anorexia