BIO 100 Exam 1 With 100% Correct Answers 2023, Exams of Advanced Education

Download BIO 100 Exam 1 With 100% Correct Answers 2023 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 100 Exam 1 With 100% Correct

Answers 2023

cellular organization - Correct Answer-All living things are composed of one or more cells reproduction - Correct Answer-all organisms reproduce their own kind metabolism - Correct Answer-the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials homeostasis - Correct Answer-relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain heredity - Correct Answer-the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. response to stimuli - Correct Answer-React to changes in environment (temperature, humidity, light, gravity ect.) adaptation - Correct Answer-A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. (evolve) growth and development - Correct Answer-consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA Energy Processing - Correct Answer-the use of chemical energy to power an organism's activities and chemical reactions order - Correct Answer-in classification, a group of closely related families regulation - Correct Answer-what allows an organism to handle the effects of a perturbation, modulating its own constitutive dynamics in response to particular changes in internal and external conditions. Organization of life - Correct Answer-atom, molecule, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere prokaryotic cell - Correct Answer-simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle Types of Prokaryotic Cells - Correct Answer-Bacteria and Archaea

Bacteria - Correct Answer-have a type of cell wall not found in any other type of organism. It is made of peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids. Archaea - Correct Answer-Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer-Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls. Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote - Correct Answer-Eukaryotes have a DNA containing nucleus, prokaryotes do not Meiosis vs. Mitosis - Correct Answer-mitosis=genetically identical diploid cells meiosis=genetically unique haploid cells Mitosis also does not change the chromosome number of the original cell, while Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. Meiosis - Correct Answer-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Mitosis - Correct Answer-cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes asexual reproduction - Correct Answer-A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. sexual reproduction - Correct Answer-Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism. Animal vs. Plant Cells - Correct Answer-plants have: an organelle called chloroplast, cell walls, and a large vacuole animals have: no cell wall, small or no vacuole, and no chloroplasts You are looking at a mystery cell under a microscope and notice that it contains organelles and a plasma membrane but no cell wall. Is this cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Is this cell plant or animal? - Correct Answer-Eukaryotic and animal

1. Why are there no super predators that specialize in eating lions in the wild? - Correct Answer-There is not enough energy left going up the food chain because energy is lost to heat, waste products, and metabolism. The energy is not efficient enough.
2. In terms of economics and energetics, is it better to be a vegetarian or omnivorous? Why? - Correct Answer-It is better to be a vegetarian because you get the most efficient energy starting from the bottom of the food chain.

1. A new plant species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What colors of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? - Correct Answer-The color of visible light that are not being absorbed by the reddish yellow pigment are red and yellow. (The color of the pigment will always absorb other color than its own pigment)
2. Scuba divers have learned that below 20 feet under the ocean's surface, if they have a nosebleed or cut themselves, they bleed bright green blood. As they near the surface, however, the blood turns red. What hypothesis best explains this bizarre color change?

• Correct Answer-Using the wavelengths of ROYGBIV (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet) The deeper you go under water the color with the highest energy will reflect (short wavelengths). So at the surface the lowest energy will display (red colored blood).

1. Plants perform one of the most biologically useful energy transformations on Earth. What do plants do that is so important? - Correct Answer-Plant goes through the process of photosynthesis, which is important aspect for all living things. (Produces Oxygen, which allows organisms to stay alive). They covert solar energy to chemical energy, which we need for as food and oxygen. Plants also remove CO2 from the atmosphere, which reduces the carbon footprint. Stomata - Correct Answer-Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
2. How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the carbon cycle? How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle? - Correct Answer-Burning fossil fuels creates and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As a result, the carbon dioxide level will increase (carbon cycle-increase). Deforestation increases the level of carbon cycle level in the atmosphere because cutting down trees decreases the oxygen production level. (The trees no longer removes the CO2 from the atmosphere like it would).
3. How do desert plants balance the need for CO2 with the need to avoid water loss in hot temperatures? - Correct Answer-They go through the process of Stomata (breathe CO2 and produces oxygen) when they close their Stomata the oxygen escape and water also escape. To conserve water, the plant will close their Stomata during the day and open it at night to get CO The plant then stores the CO2 until daylight to use it for photosynthesis (this process is called CAM photosynthesis) Chloroplast - Correct Answer-An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs Chlorophyll - Correct Answer-Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

What advantage do multicellular organisms have over single-celled organisms? - Correct Answer-Cells can be specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. Cells can be sacrificed for the good of the organisms as a whole. Which of the following is an example of a response to a stimulus? - Correct Answer-A flower closing its petals because of a sudden drop in air temperatures. Reduced leaves on cacti allow for them to live in the desert. This is an example of what characteristic of life? - Correct Answer-Adaptation Which property of life is best illustrated by the ability of humans to maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 98.6°F? - Correct Answer-Homeostasis Offspring grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as their parents because of the _______ they receive from their parents during reproduction. - Correct Answer- DNA, Genes The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the _______. - Correct Answer-cell True or False: Communities exist within ecosystems which exist in the biosphere. - Correct Answer-False Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level? - Correct Answer-Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism The great diversity of life on Earth is the result of ________. - Correct Answer-evolution True or False: Organisms placed in the same genus are least closely related. - Correct Answer-False A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a _______. - Correct Answer-hypothesis A thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena is called _______. - Correct Answer-scientific theory Faith is not science because it cannot be ___________. - Correct Answer-Tested Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and snakes are vertebrates, then snakes have backbones." This statement is an example of _______. - Correct Answer-deductive reasoning

The type of science that begins with a specific explanation that is then tested is called _______. - Correct Answer-hypothesis based science To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be _______. - Correct Answer-testable A form of science that solves real-world problems is _______. - Correct Answer-applied science A form of science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term use of that knowledge is _______. - Correct Answer-basic science The most rigorous scientific work is found _______. - Correct Answer-in journal articles that are peer-reviewed The ______ is the basic unit of life. - Correct Answer-cell Which of these is NOT eukaryotic? - Correct Answer-Bacteria Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? - Correct Answer-Plasma membrane Plant cells differ from animal cells by having _______. - Correct Answer-cell walls All of the DNA of an organism is the ______. - Correct Answer-genome The genome of what organisms is composed of a single, double stranded DNA molecule in the form of a loop? - Correct Answer-Prokaryotes A diploid cell has ______ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. - Correct Answer-twice An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _______. - Correct Answer-genes An egg has 23 chromosomes, sperm has matching 23 chromosomes and a child has _______. - Correct Answer- Daughter cells produced by mitosis _______. - Correct Answer-are genetically identical to the parent cell Besides growth, what must happen before a cell divides? - Correct Answer-DNA replication The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two new cells is called? - Correct Answer-Cytokinesis

Uncontrolled mitosis is called? - Correct Answer-cancer Cancer is initiated by ________. - Correct Answer-Gene Mutation Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission? - Correct Answer-Mitosis What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? - Correct Answer-Variation of offspring In eukaryotes, which event leads to a diploid cell? - Correct Answer-Fertilization The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is ______. - Correct Answer-meiosis II Meiosis produces _______ daughter cells. - Correct Answer-four haploid Chemical reactions that take place inside a cell using or creating energy are part of the cells _______. - Correct Answer-Metabolism You and your best friend just rode your bike up a large hill. You say to your friend, "I am tired and out of energy". Your friend, who is a physics major, says which true statement:? - Correct Answer-Our bikes were using kinetic energy to get up the hill, but now they have potential energy. Judy, a biologist, was told by a colleague that the power company created electricity to be used in the science buildings. Judy told him that this was impossible because: - Correct Answer-Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only converted from one form to another. Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules by converting solar energy into chemical energy? - Correct Answer-Wheat When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction _______. - Correct Answer-it lowers the activation energy of the reaction An enzyme is ______. - Correct Answer-protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted Where is the energy stored in the following equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 +6H2O --> C6H12O6+6O2 - Correct Answer-C6H12O The difference in outcome between the potential energy in a marshmallow burned over a campfire on the end of a stick and in one that you eat straight from the package is _______. - Correct Answer-how fast and efficiently the energy is released How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? - Correct Answer- They produce ATP

The producer in an ocean grazing food web is usually a/an ________. - Correct Answer-alga Which term describes the process whereby toxic substances increase along trophic levels of an ecosystem? - Correct Answer-Biomagnification describe energy transfer between trophic levels - Correct Answer-Energy transfer is relatively inefficient. Food chains tend to have 5 or less trophic levels because insufficient energy is available to support a large enough breeding population at higher trophic levels than these. The total mass of organisms in a particular place (biomass) is less at higher trophic levels. The total energy stores is less at each level as you move up the food chain. Ospreys and other top predators are most severely affected by pesticides such as DDT because they ______. - Correct Answer-consume prey in which pesticides are concentrated A scientist working in East Africa has heard a legend of a super predator that preys on cheetahs. He submits a grant proposal to the MacArthur Foundation to fund an expedition to find this super predator. You are an expert on the MacArthur Foundation panel evaluating his grant proposal and have a feeling that funds for this project would be a waste of time and energy. How could you best argue your feelings with solid biological thinking? - Correct Answer-There are unlikely to be enough cheetahs to feed a super predator because of entropy and inefficient use of energy. Photosynthesis would occur fastest in a plant with green leaves if it is exposed to which color light for ten minutes? - Correct Answer-Blue What are the advantages of a plant having multiple pigments in their leaves? - Correct Answer-The leaves can absorb light of different colors, allowing them to absorb more energy. A heterotroph directly obtains its energy from _______. - Correct Answer-eating other organisms Broadleaf deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves annually) of temperate forests _______. - Correct Answer-reabsorb chlorophyll, so that the colorful fall pigments become visible TRUE or FALSE: The right side of the electromagnetic spectrum represents colors of light with higher energy due to their long wavelengths. - Correct Answer-False

Which of the following will slow down photosynthesis? - Correct Answer-Low carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. In plants, gas exchange occurs through small openings on the leaves called _______. - Correct Answer-stomata Chlorophyll is _______. - Correct Answer-a pigment Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? - Correct Answer- Thylakoids are found in the nucleus of a cell. Which of the following describes the metabolic pathway for photosynthesis? - Correct Answer-6CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight --> 1 sugar + 6O The overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to _______. - Correct Answer- convert light energy into chemical energy What energy molecule is produced during the light reactions and helps to power the Calvin cycle? - Correct Answer-ATP Where is the chemical energy that is produced in the light dependent reaction, used first in the plant? - Correct Answer-Calvin cycle/the Light independent reaction Why is the Calvin Cycle important? - Correct Answer-It produces sugar Photosynthesis among some desert plants is often different from that in moister areas. These desert plants must control loss of water by shutting their stomata during the daylight hours. But when the stomata are closed, CO2 cannot enter the leaf and O cannot leave it, and photosynthesis cannot continue. Why? - Correct Answer-The carbon in CO2 is necessary to make the sugars in the light independent part of Photosynthesis. Scuba divers have learned that below 20 feet under the ocean's surface, if they have a nose bleed or cut themselves, they bleed bright green blood. As they near the surface, however, the blood turns red. What hypothesis best explains this bizarre color change?

• Correct Answer-Red light waves have so much less energy than green light waves that the dense water stops red light reflection before green ones as you go deeper. Unrelated carnivorous plant species that eat insects occur in every biome except the ocean and permanently ice-covered areas at high latitudes and altitudes. What would be the best reason to pursue as a common cause of this unusual plant characteristic? - Correct Answer-This characteristic would be adaptive on any nutrient-poor soil, no matter where. What is the role of carbohydrates for all living things? - Correct Answer-Carbohydrates are energy storage molecules

True or False: A byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen while a byproduct of respiration is CO2. - Correct Answer-True What is the largest carbon reservoir on Earth? - Correct Answer-Limestone rock Which of these processes removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? - Correct Answer-Photosynthesis Which of the following is an example of the main way carbon is cycled between autotrophs and heterotrophs? - Correct Answer-A deer eats a wildflower. Which of the following is a true statement about carbon and the carbon cycle? - Correct Answer-Carbon is recycled among plants, animals, water, soil, and the atmosphere. Why do levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fall during the summer in the Northern Hemisphere? - Correct Answer-The Northern Hemisphere is covered by a significant amount of vegetation. During the summer the vegetation takes up more carbon dioxide, and during the winter, when it decays, it releases more carbon dioxide.