BIO 210 Final Exam: Genetics - 2024-2025, Exams of Biology

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[Date]

BIO 210 FINAL EXAM GENETICS NEWEST 2024-

ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED

ANSWERS). GRADED A

______ is defined as an irreversible increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells – ANS Growth ________ are plants with specific genes from other organisms – ANS Transgenic plants A cluster of flowers in which each flower is produced on its own pedicle is called – ANS Inflorescence A germplasm consists of – ANS All the genes of all the individuals in a population A leaf that lack a petiole is termed as – ANS Sessile A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules - ANSFalse A type of asexual plant propagation where plant tips are bent until they touch ground and then covered with soil to root is called? - ANSTip layering Apical meristems produce tissues that - ANSIncrease the length of the plant

[Date] Arrangement of leaves on a stem is referred to as - ANSPhyllotaxy CAM photosynthesis occurs mostly in - ANSCacti and succulents During the light independent reactions, what plants produce oxaloacetic acid in mesophyll cells and phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) in bundle sheath cells? - ANSC plants During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to break down and the spindle begins to form - ANSProphase Flowering plants that complete their life cycles in a single growing season are called - ANSAnnuals Gene banks are locations where - ANSSamples of wild relatives and local populations (land races) of domesticated plants are stored for future studies and use in developing new breeds of crops Genetic diversity in wild relatives and local populations of cultivated plant species is critically important to plant breeders because - ANSThey are a source of disease and pest resistance that can be bred into new crop varieties Glycolysis takes place in the - ANSCytoplasm Horizontal stems that grow below ground and have long internodes are called - ANSRhizomes

[Date] In a mature, woody dicot stem, the tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the - ANSVascular cambium In grafting the rooted part of the graft is known as the - ANSstock In grafting the top part of the graft is known as the - ANSscion Interphase is made up of what stages of the cell cycle - ANSG1 + G2 + S Lateral meristems produce tissues that - ANSIncrease the width of the plant Lateral roots develop from - ANSPericycle Methods of improving existing varieties of crop plants include all of the following except - ANSPruning Methods used to insert desirable genes into a target cell in the producion of a transgenic plant includes the use agrobacterium or - ANSA particle gun that shoots very small DNA- covered gold pellets into the target cell Mitochondria are - ANSThe sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions Older, nonfunctioning xylem is called - ANSHeartwood Paired appendages associated with leaf petioles are called - ANSStipules

[Date] People who study how people use plants and plant products are called - ANSEthnobotanists Photooxidation primarily involved the - ANSDestruction of chlorophyll by light Photosynthesis is an example of an ______ reaction in plants - ANSAnabolic Plant ____ study plant relationships, identify and classify plants into groups based on morphological and genetic similarity, and name plants according to these groups - ANSTaxonomists Plant breeding is - ANSAccelerated evolution guided by humans who are selecting those features beneficial to them Plant can live without humans but humans cannot live without plants - ANSTrue Plant movements that are NOT oriented to the direction of the stimulus are called

• ANSNastic Movements Plant movements that are oriented relative to the direction of the light stimulus are called - ANSPhototropisms Plant phytochemicals are produced via primary and secondary metabolism - ANSTrue

[Date] Plant phytochemicals have a significant role on plant growth and development - ANSFalse Plants the have two critical photoperiods in order to flower are called - ANSintermediate -day plants Plants whose leaves fall of at the end of the growing season are called - ANSDeciduous Pollen is produced in and released from the - ANSAnther Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of _____; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of _____ - ANSBacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals Protoplasm consists of all cell components inside the plasma membrane - ANSTrue Root hairs grow actively in which area of a developing root - ANSZone of maturation Some seeds require that the seed coat be partially digested or decayed before germination occurs. This process of altering the seed coat to permit germination is called - ANSScarification The advantages of micropropagation include all of the following except that - ANSIt generates very diverse clones

[Date] The apical portion of flowering stems in which the floral parts are attached is called the - ANSReceptacle The citric acid cycle takes place in the - ANSMitochondria The first domesticated crops were - ANSCereal grains The following are examples of alkaloids except - ANSCarotene The following are types of tissue culture except - ANSCrown culture The fruit ripening process releases large quantities of - ANSEthylene The goals of a plant breeding program include all of the following except - ANSDiversifying the germplasm of domesticated plants The growth of a seed embryo without any dormancy is known as - ANSVivipary The most important effect of cytokinin is its influence on - ANSCell division The name of a Swedish botanist who in the eighteenth century developed the system of naming and classifying plants that we currently use is - ANSCarolus Linnaeus The oxygen liberated by green plants during photosynthesis comes from - ANSWater molecules

[Date] The part of a flower that functions in protecting unopened flower buds is called - ANSPeduncle The primary activity of meristems is - ANSCell division The root cap is involved in cell division - ANSFalse The skin of fruits is also called the - ANSExocarp The stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the equator of a cell is called - ANSMetaphase The study of plants and their impact on humans is important because - ANSAll of the choices above are correct The suppression of the growth of axillary or lateral buds is called - ANSApical dominance The type of allelopathy where the chemical produced by the plant has to be modified by microbes in the soil before its active is called? - ANSFunctional allelopathy The type of allelopathy where the chemical produced by the plant is toxic in its original form is called? - ANSTrue allelopathy

[Date] The vascular cambium is found in all plants - ANSFalse This plant pigment has two forms; one form absorbs red light and is then converted into the second form that absorbs far-red light/ The second form, after absorption of far-red light, is converted back into the red absorbing form. This pigment is called - ANSPhytochrome Totipotency is the ability of a plant cell to - ANSGive rise to any structure of a mature plant What is the net ATP yield at the end of glycolysis - ANS What is the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II? - ANSPheophytin When is photorespiration likely to occur in plants? - ANSWhen the stomata is closed in a hot day When the calyx, corolla, and stamens of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary, the ovary is said to be - ANSInferior When three or more leaves occur ar a node, the leaf arrangement is said to be - ANSWhorled Which of the following characteristics can be used to identify dicot plants - ANSFlower parts in groups of four, five, or multiples of four or five

[Date] Which of the following flower parts are not correctly paired with their function? - ANSPetals - attract seed dispersing animals Which of the following flower parts eventually become seeds? - ANSOvules Which of the following fruits is derived from a simple flower having more than one pistil - ANSAggregate fruit Which of the following groups of plants does not have vascular tissues? - ANSBryophytes Which of the following groups of plants tends to be the least sensitive to auxin? - ANSMonocots Which of the following hormones is used to induce roots on stem cuttings? - ANSAuxin Which of the following is a meristematic tissue? - ANSCork cambium Which of the following is a reduced molecule? - ANSBoth NADPH and FADH Which of the following is an example of an aggregate fruit - ANSStrawberry Which of the following is not a role of phytochemicals - ANSInduce flowering Which of the following is not a type of parenchyma tissue or cell - ANSSclereids

[Date] Which of the following is NOT produced during fermentation - ANSacetylCoA Which of the following is used by nurseries to cause active plant to become dormant - ANSAbscisic acid Which of the following is usually missing in wind-pollinated plants - ANSCorolla Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory? - ANSSchleiden and Schwann Which of the following molecules produced during glycolysis enters the mitochondria for further processing? - ANSPyruvate Which of the following pertaining to auxins is true? - ANSAll of these answers are correct Which of the following phytochemicals have been extensively exploited since ancient human civilization for their medical properties? - ANSAlkaloids Which of the following plant phytochemicals are fat soluble and have antioxidant properties? - ANSCarotenoids Which of the following scientists would more likely be concerned with the rate of photosynthesis is leaves - ANSPlant physiologist

[Date] Which of the following types of inflorescence is branched? - ANSPanicle Which of the following types of propagation will produce genetically diverse plants - ANSNone of the above Which of the following would NOT be part of a stele - ANSCortex Which organelle is correctly matched with its function? - ANSDictyosome (golgi); packaging Which plant hormone was isolated from fungus causing "foolish-seedling disease?" - ANSGibberellin