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BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023
Typology: Exams
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Which statement is true about fungal infections? They result in release of endotoxins. They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. They are prevented by vaccines. They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
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Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack, engulf, and destroy by phagocytosis? Bacteria Viruses Mycoplasma Fungi
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Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection throughout life. Cells in may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs. the thymus gland the central nervous system the lungs
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bone marrow HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the CNS. After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for months. 1 to 2 6 to 14
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Traumatic injury Cardiovascular disease Starvation Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of complement-mediated cell lysis.
phagocytosis in the spleen. neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products. phagocytosis by macrophages. The components of neutrophil granules, as well as the several toxic oxygen products produced by these cells, damage the tissue. Question 8
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Most type III hypersensitivity diseases are caused by antigen-antibody (immune) complexes that are formed in the circulation and deposited later in vessel walls or extravascular tissues (Figure 8-3). Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function? Iodine Zinc Magnesium
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Iron Deficient zinc intake can profoundly depress T- and B-cell function. A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti- antibodies. A and B
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immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens. Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial to complete absence of T-cell immunity?
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency Bruton disease Reticular dysgenesis DiGeorge syndrome The principal immunologic defect in DiGeorge syndrome is the partial or complete absence of T-cell immunity.
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Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation. A form of serum sickness is Raynaud phenomenon, a condition caused by the temperature-dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation. The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to impair wound healing. diminish oncotic pressure.
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impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine. lessen circulation of cortisol. Once released, catecholamines circulate bound to the plasma protein albumin. Low serum albumin would impair circulation of both epinephrine and norepinephrine. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
2 / 2 pts catecholamines. cortisol. Correct Answer immune system. Immunodepression is one of the characteristic changes seen in stress-age syndrome. Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and is not successful. arousal alarm
adaptation