BIO Practice Exam 1|50 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

Download BIO Practice Exam 1|50 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BIO Practice Exam 1|50 Questions with Verified Answers Which of the following is NOT a property of ALL living systems as defined by the textbook? A) the ability to compensate for changes in the external environment B) the ability to engage in metabolic activities C) the possession of chemical instructions that govern their structure and function D) the ability to gain energy through consumption of other living things - CORRECT ANSWER D Which of the following details the typical path taken by a protein that is going to be secreted? A) cytoplasm secretory vesicle golgi cell surface B) cytoplasm lysosome secretory vesicle cell surface C) ER secretory vesicle golgi cell surface D) ER golgi secretory vesicle cell surface - CORRECT ANSWER D Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes? A) cell wall B) cell membrane C) endoplasmic reticulum D) DNA - CORRECT ANSWER C What is the difference in the functioning between rough ER and smooth ER? A) Rough ER makes proteins for use inside the cell, while smooth ER makes proteins for use outside. B) Rough ER makes proteins for use outside of the cell, while smooth ER makes lipids and carbohydrates. C) Rough ER detoxifies poisons, while smooth ER creates new cell organelles. D) Rough ER is used by animal cells, while smooth ER is only used by plant cells. - CORRECT ANSWER B Eukaryotic cells contain the following: A) a nucleus that is not surrounded by a membrane B) structures that specialize in energy production C) circular chromosomal structures within a membrane-bound nucleus D) all of these answers - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A) ribosomes B) mitochondrion C) vacuoles D) nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER A A key role of peroxisomes includes: A) the ability to produce ATP using oxygen-dependent metabolism. B) water and polymers C) water and a hydroxyl group D) water and amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER B During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place? A) covalent bond B) dehydration C) condensation D) hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER D Which of the following includes all others? A) Carbohydrate B) Monosaccharide C) Glucose D) Polysaccharide - CORRECT ANSWER A Which of the following describe disaccharides? A) Cellulose is the result of two monosaccharides that have undergone a condensation reaction. B) Glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomers with more than one asymmetric carbon. C) Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are the result of bonded monosaccharides after a dehydration reaction. D) They are a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. - CORRECT ANSWER C Cyclohexane (C6H12 in a ring) and benzene (C6H6 in a ring) are considered _______ of each other. A) Polymers B) Isomers C) Isotopes D) None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D Which of the following is false? A) Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all made of glucose monomers. B) Whether carbon 1 makes an alpha bond or a beta bond depends on the position of the -OH group. C) Chitin and cellulose both have monomers connected by a β-1-to-4 bond D) In starch, Amylose differs from Amylopectin in that Amylose is highly branched and Amylopectin is linear. - CORRECT ANSWER D The amino acid tyrosine belongs to what group of amino acids? A) nonpolar B) polar uncharged C) polar negatively charged D) polar positively charged - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following best describes the phospholipid bilayer? A) The hydrophilic heads are attracted to the intracellular and extracellular fluid of the cell. B) The hydrophobic tails give it a rigid structure to keep it locked in place. C) The hydrophobic tails are positive, and the hydrophilic heads are negative. D) The hydrophilic heads meet in the inner region of the membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER A Which of the following protein structures forms primarily because of hydrogen bonds? A) The tertiary structure B) α-helices and β-pleated sheets C) The primary structure D) The combination of multiple polypeptide subunits - CORRECT ANSWER B When a protein denatures, which of the following protein structures is unaffected? A) Secondary structure B) Tertiary structure C) Primary structure D) Quaternary structure - CORRECT ANSWER C The amino acid Arginine belongs to what group of amino acids? A) nonpolar B) uncharged polar A) Carbonyl; amino B) Phosphate; sulfhydryl C) Carbonyl; sulfhydryl D) Phosphate; amino - CORRECT ANSWER B The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that genetic information flows in which of the following sequences? A) DNA to RNA to protein. B) Protein to DNA to RNA. C) Protein to RNA to DNA. D) RNA to DNA to protein. - CORRECT ANSWER A How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? A) 24 B) 36 C) 48 D) 12 - CORRECT ANSWER B Where is a promoter located relative to the initiation site? A) Downstream of the initiation site B) Upwind of the initiation site C) Downwind of the initiation site D) Upstream of the initiation site - CORRECT ANSWER D What are the three major steps of transcription? A) Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosome B) Initiation, Elongation, Termination C) RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase II, RNA Polymerase III D) DNA, mRNA, protein - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following accurately outlines the order of mRNA processing following transcription? A) The poly(A) tail is added first, followed by adding the 5' cap, and finally the pre- mRNA is spliced. B) The 5' cap is added first, followed by splicing the pre-mRNA, and finally the poly(A) tail is added. C) The 5' cap is added first, followed by the poly(A) tail, and finally the pre-mRNA is spliced. D) The pre-mRNA is spliced first, followed by adding the 5' cap, and finally the poly(A) tail is added. - CORRECT ANSWER C During translation, the completed peptide chain exits the ribosome from the: A) E site. B) P site. C) small subunit. D) A site. - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following statements accurately describes the role ribosomes play in protein synthesis? A) Ribosomes read mRNA and use tRNAs to produce peptides and proteins. B) Ribosomes carry individual amino acids and load them onto growing peptide chains. C) Ribosomes transport mRNA chains from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. D) Ribosomes load amino acids onto tRNAs. - CORRECT ANSWER A Which of the following about tRNAs is true? A) Each organism only expresses one tRNA molecule for translation. B) Elongation factors charge tRNAs with amino acids at the 3' end. C) tRNA molecules can be charged with any amino acid. D) Charged tRNAs bind to mRNA through three nucleotide base pairings. - CORRECT ANSWER D Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect this antibiotic to have on protein synthesis? A) Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome. B) Chloramphenicol would directly affect growth of the protein chain. C) All of these answers. D) Chloramphenicol would directly affect ribosome assembly. - CORRECT ANSWER B C) Splicing removes introns from the nematode genes to efficiently produce proteins. D) Alternative splicing occurs in almost all human genes to produce multiple proteins. - CORRECT ANSWER D Which chemical interactions are most responsible for the secondary structure of proteins? A) Covalent bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Van der Waals forces D) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B What was the main conclusion of the Hershey and Chase experiment using phage T2? A) Proteins and DNA can be distinguished because proteins have sulfur and DNA has phosphorus B) Cells can uptake a transforming principle released by the breakdown of other cells, known as transformation. C) DNA is the hereditary molecule D) Protein is the hereditary molecule - CORRECT ANSWER C Which of the following is FALSE about the genetic code? A) The genetic code is degenerate but not ambiguous B) The start codon always codes for methionine C) 1 amino acid can be coded by more than 1 codon D) 1 codon can code more than 1 amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER D DNA has a negative charge, due to the phosphate groups that form the backbone of nucleic acids. In a protein that binds to DNA, which amino acid below would be most likely to mediate the interaction with DNA? A) Glutamic acid B) Proline C) Lysine D) Valine - CORRECT ANSWER C