Bio1306 Exam 4 Practice 50 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

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Bio1306 Exam 4 Practice 50 Questions with Verified Answers The final product produced from the "Central Dogma Theory" is ___ a) mRNA b) DNA c) absolutely nothing d) proteins - CORRECT ANSWER d) proteins How is DNA replicated? a) it's too small to tell b) semi-conservative replication c) dispersive replication d) conservative replication - CORRECT ANSWER b) semi-conservative replication DNA polymerase perform what function? a) synthesizes a growing strand of RNA b) synthesizes a growing strand of DNA c) reduces the amount of polymers in DNA d) produces polymers in DNA - CORRECT ANSWER b) synthesizes a growing strand of DNA DNA helicases are important in DNA synthesis because they a) break hydrogen bonds between two complementary DNA strands b) relieve the tension as the DNA strand is uncoiled c) places a free 3'-OH group on a newly formed DNA strand d) combine two DNA strands together - CORRECT ANSWER a) break hydrogen bonds between two complementary DNA strands Primers are required for DNA synthesis because they? a) supply the free 3'-OH group for the addition of the first nucleotide b) it's not needed in DNA synthesis c) remove nucleotides from newly formed DNA strands d) proofread the newly synthesized DNA strand for errors - CORRECT ANSWER Transcription is an important step in producing proteins because a) produces proteins from amino acids b) it converts DNA sequences into mRNA c) it allows RNA to be converted in DNA d) prepares RNA to be converted into amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER b) it converts DNA sequences into mRNA What is the function of DNA primase? a) closing the gap at 3' end of DNA after excision repair b) removing primers and synthesizing a short section of DNA to replace them c) synthesis of the short section of double-stranded DNA required by DNA polymerase d) synthesis of a short section of RNA, complementary to single-stranded DNA - CORRECT ANSWER d) synthesis of a short section of RNA, complementary to single-stranded DNA A promoter serves which function? a) it specifies where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription b) catalyzes the acetylation and methylation of histones c) condenses chromatin to fit inside the nucleus d) controlling the activity of genes - CORRECT ANSWER a) it specifies where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription What is the function of topoisomerase? a) opening the DNA helix at the replication fork b) holding DNA polymerase steady as it moves down the leading or lagging strand c) stabilizing single strands of DNA, once the replication fork is open d) preventing kinks in DNA as the replication fork opens and unwinds - CORRECT ANSWER d) preventing kinks in DNA as the replication fork opens and unwinds Where and how are Okazaki fragments synthesized? a) on the leading strand, in a 3' to 5' direction b) on the lagging strand, in a 5' to 3' direction c) on the leading strand, in a 5' to 3' direction d) on the lagging strand, in a 3' to 5' direction - CORRECT ANSWER b) on the lagging strand, in a 5' to 3' direction How does termination of translation take place? a) the poly-A tail is reached b) a stop codon is reached c) the end of the mRNA molecule is reached d) the 5' cap is reached - CORRECT ANSWER b) a stop codon is reached A nonsense mutation in a gene ___ a) changes an amino acid in the encoded protein b) has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein c) introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA d) makes the organism lose its' sense of humor - CORRECT ANSWER c) introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA The accepted hypothesis for DNA replication is a) conservative theory b) dispersive theory c) semi-conservative theory d) evolutionary theory - CORRECT ANSWER c) semi-conservative theory When DNA polymerase is in contact with guanine in the parental strand, what does it add to the growing daughter strand? a) phosphate b) cytosine c) uracil d) guanine - CORRECT ANSWER b) cytosine In DNA double helix, the two DNA chains are held together by: a) covalent bonds between the pair of bases b) hydrogen bonds between the pair of bases c) ionic bonds between the pair of bases d) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b) hydrogen bonds between the pair of bases The 5' to 3' numbers are related to the: a) length of the DNA strand b) carbon number in sugar c) the number of phosphates d) the base pair rule - CORRECT ANSWER b) carbon number in sugar DNA replication takes place in which direction? a) 3' to 5' b) 5' to 3' c) randomly d) vary from organism to organism - CORRECT ANSWER b) 5' to 3' In DNA, there are: a) five bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine, tryptophan, and cytosine b) four bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine c) three bases known as adenine, guanine, and cytosine d) only two bases known as adenine and cytosine - CORRECT ANSWER b) four bases known as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine In DNA, guanine pairs with a) adenine b) cytosine c) thymine d) uracil - CORRECT ANSWER b) cytosine Which of the following enzyme adds complementary bases during replication? a) helicase b) DNA synthesis c) DNA replicase d) DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER d) DNA polymerase Enzymes involved in opening a replication bubble are a) DNA helicases b) single-stranded binding proteins c) ligase d) DNA topoisomerase - CORRECT ANSWER a) DNA helicases Okazaki fragments occur during a) transformation b) replication c) polymerase reaction d) synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER b) replication What term is used to describe the process by which a segment of DNA is copied to produce a molecule of messenger RNA? a) reproduction b) replication c) translation d) transcription - CORRECT ANSWER d) transcription What term is used to describe the process by which proteins by which proteins are synthesized from a genetic code? a) reproduction b) replication c) translation d) transcription - CORRECT ANSWER c) translation Amino acids are joined together in order to form a) DNA b) proteins c) ribosomes d) RNA - CORRECT ANSWER b) proteins What is the function of mRNA? a) storage of food b) provides energy c) prevents mutations d) carries genetic messages - CORRECT ANSWER d) carries genetic messages The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this message? a) 20 b) 12 c) 8 d) 4 - CORRECT ANSWER b) 12 Codons contain ___ bases.