Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fundamentals, Exams of Psychology

Download Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fundamentals and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 11 Phys 261 Midterm Study Questions 1.Which can serve as substrates for ATP production?: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids 2.Activation energy is: energy needed to start a reaction 3.Enzymes increase reaction rate by: lowering the activation energy of the reac- tion 4.A competitive inhibitor binds to: the active site of the enzyme 5.After forming a complex with the ribosome, mRNA interacts with a third molecule. This molecule is called: tRNA 6.An enzyme that adds or subtracts water molecules is a: Hydrolase 7. Information stored in the genes is translated into: Ribosomes 8.When an enzyme 's activity is inactivated by heat or a change in PH, the enzyme is said to be: denatured 9.An enzyme that transfers phosphates from ATP to substrate molecule is a: Protein kinase 10.The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in .: cytoplasm, mitochondria 11.End product inhibition/Feedback inhibition describes the process whereby increasing amounts of reduce activity of the enzyme.: Product 12.When indirect form of energy is released during reactions, it is temporarily trapped in energy carrying molecules called coenzymes. Which of the follow- ing is a coenzyme?: 13.In the aerobic metabolism of glucose, acts as the final acceptor of electrons.: Oxygen 14. ATP synthase transfers the stored energy of the H+ 2 / 11 ions to the high-energy phosphate bond of to form .: 15.The TAC sequence of DNA is the of a coding sequence that is preceded by the that regulates transcription.: Start, promoter region 16.All of the triplet codons needed to Geneproduce one functional piece of RNA are found in one: Gene 17.An allosteric modulator binds to: a site other than the active site 18.The process of forming mRNA is called: transcription 19.The enzymes that synthesize mRNA from DNA template are called: RNA polymerase. 20. The tRNA molecule contains the three base sequence that allows it to bind to the mRNA is called the: 21. The enzyme in the ETC that captures the energy of moving H+ ions and converts it to ATP is called: 22.Inside the matrix of the mitchondria, pyruvate: pantothenic acid 23.The mRNA sequence CAU will bind to the tRNA sequence: GUA 24.Transcription occurs in the: nucleus 25.Once synthesized, the of mRNA are removed through , which results in the formation of the coding sequence of a protein.: introns, alternative splicing 26.A red blood cell lacks a mitochondria, therefore it has to obtain the ATP form which of the following pathway?: 27.How would the lack of a required cofactor for an enzyme affect that en- zymes function?: The enzyme would not be able to function. 28.Maryam eats an apple and starts thinking about how the enzymes in her mouth are breaking the large structure of the apple down into smaller, more simple structures. This is an example of: catabolism 5 / 11 pH & hydrogen ions are inversely related pH =LOG [H+] 60.Nucleic acids are made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Phosophate 61.Glycogen is an example of a: carbohydrate 62.Potassium channels are made up of several tertiary structure bound to- gether. This is an example of which level of protein structure?: Quaternary 63.At which level of protein structure occurs as a result of protein folding on itself due to disulfide bonds?: Tertiary 64. During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions, as a result ?: 65.These are weak attractive forces that occur due to molecular polarity. They are responsible for the surface tension of water, and they hold the two strands of DNA together.: Hydrogen Bonds 6 / 11 66.The smallest organizational level is a: Atom---->Molecule------------>Or- ganelle----->cell 67.Two methods of protein activation include: Proteolytic and cofactor binding 68.When a protein obtains a 3D structure, it is an example of which level of protein structure?: Tertiary 69.Nucleotide perform which functions?: DNA/RNA synthesis *signaling& meta- bolic pathways * ATP is energy source required in all pathways * 70.Ions with a positive charge are called: Cation 71.A chain of amino acids is an example of which level of protein structure?- : Primary 72.Which types of binds between amino acids cause a protein to obtain its tertiary structure?: Covalent Peptide 73.A reaction is stopped by substance X but can recover when more of the customary ligand is supplied. Substance X is an example of: Competitive Inhibitor 74.Which is an allosteric modulator?: A substance that binds to binds to proteins away from active site 75.Electrons travel around the center of the atom at high speed in structures called: Orbits 76.The center of atom is called the: Nucleus 77.During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions which decrease the pH. Which molecules would be affected by the accumula- tion of hydrogen ions?: Proteins Actin/Myosin 78. A(n)is any molecule or ion that binds to a protein channel and opens it up allowing ions to flow in or out of the cell.: 79.Ions with a negative charge are called: electrons 7 / 11 80.DNA contains the five-carbon sugar: deoxyribose 81.Triglycerides and steroids are examples of: lipids 82.A covalent bond is formed when atoms: share one or more electrons 83. The first molecule used to produce ATP is: 84.A new chemotherapy drug enters a cell via forming vesicles. Once in, it works by degrading an organic molecule which consists of head and tail. Which of the following type of organic molecule did thee drug target?: 85.Thee speed of chemical reactions that occur in the body are controlled by molecules called: Enzymes 86.Trypsin is an active protein which needed for protein digestion. Trypsin has to be activated since our body produces it in its inactive form. Which of the following is the inactive form of Trypsin?: Trysinogen 87.Chemical reactions that occur in the human body proceed at a faster rate due to special catalytic molecules called: Enzymes 88.RNA contains the five carbon sugar: Ribose 89.In the equation Co2 + H2O + H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3, which of these is an acid?: H2CO3 90.The activity of an enzyme is changed by factors such as feedback inhibi- tion; this factor is referred to as a: end product inhibition 91.The binding sites of enzymes are: active sites 92.Aerobic metabolism of glucose: requires oxygen & produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways 93.Which can serve as substrates for ATO production?: Fatty Acids, Glucose, Glycogen, Amino Acids 94.Activation energy is: minimum amount of energy that must be provided for compounds to have chemical reactions 10 / detected by concentration of H+ in CSF once central detect increased, stimulate respiratory center 121. A man is hyperventilating. What type of acid base disorder does he develop as a consequence?: respiratory alkalosis 122. A man is hyperventilating, what will his body do to compensate?: 123. A normal breath would be classified as: tidal volume 124. Amount of air you can forcefully inhale after a normal inhale.: Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 125. CO2 can be transported in the venous blood as all of the following except: by white blood cells. 126. A young man drank a whole of Malox (antiacid). What type of acid base disorder does he develop as a consequence?: Metabolic alkalosis 127. A new drug has been developed for HIV, its most common side effect is inhibition of a pump called "chloride shift/ alkaline tide" on RBCs. Which of the following would be the consequence of inhibiting this pump?: The bicarbonate ions cannot leave the red blood cells so a build up of carbon dioxide 128. Amount of air left in the lungs after a normal exhale.: Residual volume 129. A Scientists remove the peripheral chemoreceptors from a rat, as a result the rat's body will not be able to detect a change in which of the following?: - Cannot detect CO2 and pH levels in the brain 130. Amount of air always left in the lung: Residual volume 131. Looking at the values what type of acid base disorder is present?: Respi- ratory alkalosis 132. A young man drank a whole of Malox (antiacid), what will his body do to compensate?: 133. a nurse is reading a case file on a patient, the file reads that she is suffering from respiratory acidosis how will the patients body compensate for the acid base 11 / disorder?: Kidneys will increase reabsorption of Bicarbonate. 134. A Nurse is reading a case file on a patient, the file reads that she is suffering from respiratory acidosis which of the following values will the nurse find on the lab work?: High levels of acidity in the blood ; low pH levels 135. Total amount of air your lungs can inhale.: 3000 ml 136. A nurse is reading a case file on a patient the file reads that she is suffering from respiratory acidosis, how will the patient's body compensate for the acid base disorder?: Kidneys will increase reabsorptions of bicarbonate 137. Kidney stones form in alkaline conditions treatment is to inhibit bicarbon- ate formation from carbonic acid. Which of the following enzyme will the drug inhibit?: Carbonic anhydrase 138. Which functions in the control of movement?: Primary Motor Cortex 139. Which brain area is considered to be a key integrating center for home- ostasis?: Hypothalamus 140. Some types of antihistamines make one sleepy, others do not. This differ- ence is partly attributed to a difference in: 141. Substanc es that have been isolated from the blood and have been shown to induce sleep have also been linked to the system.- : Immune System. 142. The brain area described as the center for emotions is the: limbic/amyg- dala 143. The hormone that is released to increased the fight or flight reaction is: epinephrine 144. The inability to remember newly acquired information is called: antero- grade amnesia 145. Altered effectiveness of synaptic transmission occurs in: Hippocampus 12 / 146. Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid that in the blood: H+ 147. R eflexive memories are stored in cortical areas of the lobes.: temporal 148. A complete spinal cord transection injury results in paralysis, which is the inability to do which of the following?: Move Voluntarily & feel 149. Experimental animals become tamer and more sexually active following damage to the: amygdala 150. General anesthetics keep surgical patients unconscious by reducing activity in the: Reticular Formation 151. Caffeine and related stimulants exert their effects by: inhibiting a specific neuromodulator 152. There is a story about an autopsy having been performed on a space alien in New Mexico, many decades ago. Assuming that this alien was as well-educated and trained on its planet similar to how NASA educates and trains astronauts on Earth, what feature would be expected in the alien's brain?: An enlarged area w/surface grooves & folds 153. You used to love to drink milk when you were a child. Lately, you notice that your stomach hurts and you experience bloating and discomfort when you drink it. It is no longer inviting when you see someone else drinking it. What kind of learning has occurred?: Sensitization 154. When a puppy is scolded "No!" each time he chews on your homework, eventually he learns to leave your homework alone. This type of learning is called: Associative 155. With the exception of olfaction, all sensory pathways first travel to the , which acts as a relay and processing station.: Thalamus 156. Nociceptors are responsible for the perception of: Pain & Itch 15 / 187. A blind spot in the retina occurs where: the optic nerve leaves the eye 188. Photoreceptors secrete the neurotransmitter: glutamate 189. Low frequency sound waves create the maximum displacement of the basilar membrane , where that membrane is .: Near Distal, Flexible. 190. The release of neurotransmitter from a vestibular hair cell at the synapse with a sensory neuron would increase: When stereocilia of hair cell are displaced torward the kinocilium 191. A viral infection involving the vestibular nuclei may result in: a sense of dizziness 192. A sudden flash of bright light would cause: parasympathetic activation to contract the pupillary sphincter muscles. 193. The liver and skeletal muscles store glucose as for a ready energy source.: Glycogen 194. The synthesis of glucose from a non carbohydrate precursor is referred to as: Glycogenolysis 195. On a tour of African countries, Dom contracts a bad case of traveler's diarrhea. Because he cannot eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in: All answers are correct 196. The reactions where fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids are called: gluconeogenesis 197. During the fasting state, the energy stores of the become the major source of glucose for the whole body.: Liver 198. Gluconeeogenesis refers to: creating glucose from glycerol, amino acids, or lactate 16 / 199. The process of breaking down fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA and Ketone bodies is: Fatty acid oxidation 200. metabloism is a term that describes: all chemical reactions within an organ- ism