BIOD 121 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL 130 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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BIOD 121 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

ALL 130 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED

ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+

Which statement is NOT true about polar covalent bonds? A. When covalent bonds are nonpolar, the electrons are shared fairly equally between the atoms. B. Electrons are shared unequally in a polar covalent bond. C. The larger atom in a polar bond attracts the electron more strongly than the smaller atom D. Polar covalent bonds are important in the characteristics of water. E. The oxygen of a water molecule is electropositive relative to the hydrogen - ANSWER>>E The expected outcome of an experiment is known as A. a scientific theory or principle. B. experimental results. C. a prediction. D. a scientific model.an experiment. - ANSWER>>D A triglyceride is a polymer made up of which kind of subunits? A. amino acids B. nucleotides C. glucose or modified glucose molecules D. alternating sugar and phosphate groups E. fatty acids and glycerol - ANSWER>>E You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air on the growth of corn plants as well as the effect of green light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn plants. Your plan is to set up your experiment inside a greenhouse where you can control the environment. Which of the following is an aspect of the experiment that should be considered and controlled? A. An increase in carbon dioxide should not result in a substantial decrease of other necessary gases. B. All seedlings come from one uniform strain. C. The intensity or brightness of the green light equals the intensity of the full sunlight. D. All temperatures and available water remain the same for all plants. E. All of the choices are important considerations. - ANSWER>>E Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?

A. molecule, cell, organelle, atom B. atom, molecule, organelle, cell C. organ, tissue, atom, molecule D. organelle, tissue, cell, molecule - ANSWER>>B Which statement is true about RNA? A. One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil. B. It is a double-stranded molecule. C. It contains adenine paired to thymine. D. It contains the sugar deoxyribose. E. Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA's nucleotides. - ANSWER>>A A carbon atom can form up to three single covalent bonds with other atoms. True or False - ANSWER>>False How many atoms are required to form a molecule? A. at least two B. only one C. at least five D. at least four E. at least three - ANSWER>>A What is the maximum number of electrons that will be in the first valence shell? A. three B. two C. eight D. six E. one - ANSWER>>B An atom's atomic mass is best described as the mass of A. protons and electrons it contains. B. the neutrons it contains. C. the protons it contains. D. protons and neutrons it contains. E. electrons in the outermost shell. - ANSWER>>D Which of the following organisms are ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?

A. A night-blooming flower that is pollinated by night-flying bats. B. An underground earthworm that avoids the sun. C. A cave fish that feeds on plant debris. D. All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun. E. All of the choices are NOT ultimately dependent on the sun. - ANSWER>>D In a water molecule, A. the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. B. the oxygen atom has an overall negative charge with the hydrogen atoms having an overall positive charge. C. unequal sharing of electrons results in a polar molecule. D. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>D All living organisms are made up of cells. True or False - ANSWER>>True Living things must have an outside source of nutrients and energy. True or False - ANSWER>>True Only multicellular organisms need to maintain homeostasis. True or False - ANSWER>>False The ultimate source of energy for nearly all forms of life on Earth is water. True or False - ANSWER>>False If you place the corner of a paper towel into a droplet of water, the water moves into the paper towel. Which of the following would explain the movement of the water? A. Both cohesion and adhesion. B. surface tension C. cohesion D. adhesion - ANSWER>>A A saturated fat A. is often solid at room temperature. B. has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms. C. is of animal origin. D. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>D The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?

A. quaternary structure B. primary structure C. secondary structure D. tertiary structure - ANSWER>>C If an element contains eight electrons how many electrons will be placed in the second valence shell? A. 2 B. 11 C. 5 D. 8 E. 6 - ANSWER>>E Label the following diagram with the appropriate terms to describe one type of chemical bonding. Then, respond to the question posed by correctly labeling the type of bonding depicted. - ANSWER>>Na;Cl;Na+;Cl-;ionic bond Organic molecules are those that contain at least A. carbon. B. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. C. carbon and oxygen. D. carbon and hydrogen. - ANSWER>>D A valence shell is best described as A. the electron shell closest to the nucleus. B. the original energy level of electrons in photosynthesis. C. the volume of space in which electrons are most often found. D. the outermost electron shell of an atom. - ANSWER>>D Which is NOT true about the electrical charges of elements? A. An atom is neutral when the positive and negative charges balance. B. Neutrons have no electrical charge. C. Protons carry a positive charge. D. In an atom, the number of protons and neutrons must be equal. - ANSWER>>D Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants? A. glycerol B. starch C. cellulose D. chitin

E. glycogen - ANSWER>>C A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule? A. lipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. carbohydrate - ANSWER>>C Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA? A. It contains the sugar ribose. B. The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule. C. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. D. It is the genetic material of the cell. E. It forms a double helix. - ANSWER>>A A polypeptide has an amino acid sequence of: alanine-leucine-tryptophan-glycine- valine-alanine. This chain of amino acids is further organized into a helix that folds in and around itself to form a globular structure. The primary structure of this polypeptide is A. pleated-sheet. B. alanine-leucine-tryptophan-glycine-valine-alanine. C. globular. D. alpha helix. - ANSWER>>B Identify the following molecule: A. amino acid B. carbohydrate C. cholesterol D. alcohol E. hydrocarbon - ANSWER>>C A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers? A. amino acids B. nucleotides C. alternating sugar and phosphate groups D. simple sugars E. fatty acids and glycerol - ANSWER>>D Which of the following is a function of a steroid? A. insulation against cold

B. transmission of genetic information C. sex hormone D. protective layer E. long term energy storage - ANSWER>>C Due to human activities, more carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere than is being removed. What happens to this extra carbon dioxide? Select all that apply. A. Some of the carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere which causes surface temperature to rise. B. Approximately half of the extraneous carbon dioxide is being expelled into deep space. C. Much of the extraneous carbon dioxide is dissolved into the oceans where it is causing acidification. D. Trees and other plants have increased their rates of photosynthesis and are effectively removing most of the extraneous carbon dioxide. - ANSWER>>A, B, C, D Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in A. the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds. B. the consistency at room temperature. C. the number of hydrogen atoms present. D. All of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. - ANSWER>>D In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis? A. analysis of results B. observation C. a prediction D. experimentation - ANSWER>>B ATP is a nucleotide that functions in providing energy for cellular work. True or False - ANSWER>>True What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide? A. pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base B. pentose sugar, phosphate, and sulfur-containing base C. pentose sugar, nitrate, and phosphorus-containing base D. pentose sugar, sodium, and nitrogen-containing base E. hydroxide group, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base - ANSWER>>A Which statement is NOT true about covalent bonds?

A. A covalent molecule contains one or more covalent bonds. B. A pair of electrons is shared between two atoms for each covalent bond. C. A single covalent bond is drawn as a line between two atoms. D. Covalent bonds form when an electron is completely lost or gained from an atom. E. Shared electrons allow an atom to complete its valence shell in a covalent molecule.

• ANSWER>>D Which of the following structures is classified as a nucleic acid? A. glucose B. cytosine C. glycerol D. myosin E. RNA - ANSWER>>E Which functional group when attached to a hydrocarbon chain will form an alcohol? A. carbonyl B. carboxyl C. hydroxyl D. phosphate E. amino - ANSWER>>C Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations? A. an experiment B. a scientific model C. experimental results D. descriptive research E. a scientific theory or principle - ANSWER>>E Your professor shows you a computer model of a protein and asks you to identify the highest structural level. It appears to consist of only one polypeptide chain and has a globular shape. What is your determination? A. The protein has secondary structure. B. This is not a picture of a protein. C. The protein has tertiary structure. D. The protein has quaternary structure. E. The protein has primary structure. - ANSWER>>C Which statement below correctly describes why ATP is a high energy structure? A. ATP has three phosphate bonds that are very stable and difficult to break.

B. ATP is composed of thymine which is a high energy molecule. C. ATP has three phosphate bonds, two of which are unstable and easily broken. D. ATP contains two phosphate bonds that contain high levels of energy. E. ATP contains hydro-carbon chains that hold energy. - ANSWER>>D Which term refers to the attraction of water molecules to one another? A. hydrolysis B. cohesion C. photolysis D. adhesion E. polarity - ANSWER>>B Identify this molecule: A. amino acid B. carbohydrate C. alcohol D. hydrocarbon E. lipid - ANSWER>>B As a solid, water floats. This means that A. solid water is less dense than liquid water. B. organisms in ponds, lakes, and reservoirs can survive under the ice cover. C. the hydrogen bond arrangement differs between ice and liquid water. D. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>D Which carbohydrate is used to store energy in the liver? A. glycerol B. glycogen C. chitin D. starch E. cellulose - ANSWER>>B Climate change is primarily due to an imbalance in the chemical cycling of the element carbon. True or False - ANSWER>>True What are the four biomolecules, monomers, and polymers? - ANSWER>>Carbohydrates-Monosaccharide-Polysaccharide Lipids-Glycerol and fatty acids-N/A Proteins-Amino acids-Polypeptide Nucleic acids-Nucleotide-DNA, RNA

A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic A. only in the living cell environment. B. at all times. C. in carbohydrates but not in lipids. D. except when it has a polar functional group attached. - ANSWER>>D Which of the following statements is NOT true about electron configurations? A. Atoms with more than eight electrons in the outer shell react by gaining electrons. B. If an atom has two or more shells, the octet rule applies. C. Atoms with eight electrons in the outer shell are not reactive. D. If an atom has only one shell, it is complete with two electrons. E. If an atom has two or more shells, the outer shell is complete with eight electrons. - ANSWER>>A Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is A. slightly basic. B. neutral. C. slightly acidic. D. very acidic. - ANSWER>>A Which statement is NOT true about ionic bonds? A. One atom acts as an electron donor and another atom acts as an electron acceptor. B. An ionic bond occurs between positive ions and negative ions. C. A salt such as NaCl is formed by an ionic reaction. D. Electrons are completely lost or gained in ion formation. E. An ion has the same number of electrons as a nonionic atom of the same element. - ANSWER>>C Which of the following represents a sulfhydryl group? A. 0=C-OH B. H-N-H C. SH D. C=O E. OH - ANSWER>>C The control group in an experiment receives all the same treatments as the experimental group(s), except for the one variable being tested. True or False - ANSWER>>True

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms? A. Carbohydrates are used mainly for insulation and protection. B. Carbohydrates store hereditary information. C. Carbohydrates are used as an immediate energy source. D. Carbohydrates form the basic structural framework of all cell membranes. - ANSWER>>C What term is used for molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently? A. organic B. homomolecules C. isotope D. isomer E. balanced - ANSWER>>D Label each of the functional groups on the following biomolecules. A. sulfhydryl group B. carboxyl group C. hydroxyl group D. amino group E. carbonyl group - ANSWER>>Label biomolecules You come across an image of a molecule in research article about fatty acids. You notice the molecule has several double bonds in its structure. Based on your knowledge of fatty acids, you conclude that this molecule is most likely A. something other than a fatty acid because fatty acids don't have double bonds. B. a saturated fatty acid. C. an unsaturated fatty acid. - ANSWER>>C The mass number refers to the number of _____ and _____ within an element. A. electrons; neutrons B. electrons; atoms C. protons; electrons D. protons; molecules E. protons; neutrons - ANSWER>>E All of the following are examples of damage caused by acid deposition from rain EXCEPT A. leaching of aluminum from the soil into lakes which results in the formation of toxic methyl mercury from mercury in the lake sediments.

B. damage to marble and limestone monuments. C. weakens trees in the forests and kills seedlings. D. increased agricultural yields. - ANSWER>>D Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and secretory vesicles? A. ribosomes B. mitochondria C. centrioles D. rough endoplasmic reticulum E. Golgi apparatus - ANSWER>>E All of the following are true statements about eukaryotic cells except: A. Eukaryotic cells contain many organelles in the cytoplasm. B. Eukaryotic cells contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. C. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles. D. Eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria. E. A true nucleus contains the chromosomes. - ANSWER>>B Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria? A. Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration. B. The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix. C. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. D. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. E. The folded membrane in mitochondria forms cristae. - ANSWER>>A What cellular component is responsible for synthesizing proteins based on the information in a mRNA molecule? A. lysosome B. ribosome C. Golgi body D. nucleus - ANSWER>>B Imagine a person has a genetic disorder that prevents them from producing the protein collagen. What types of cellular issues will they be faced with? A. The cell will not have the ability to divide properly. B. The cell will not have the ability to regulate the movement of molecules through the membrane. C. The cell would not be recognized by the body's immune system. D. The cell would not have the ability to resist stretching. E. All of the choices are plausible. - ANSWER>>D

All of the following are associated with the mitochondria except: A. ATP production B. matrix C. stroma D. cristae - ANSWER>>C Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of A. diffusion B. exocytosis C. desmosomes D. osmosis E. facilitated transport - ANSWER>>E Which of the following is not likely to pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? A. carbon dioxide B. small, uncharged molecules C. water D. charged ions such as Na+ E. oxygen - ANSWER>>D Which channel protein assists the passage of water across the cell membrane? A. integrin. B. aquaporin. C. ATP synthase. D. the sodium-potassium pump. - ANSWER>>B Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells? A. adhesion junctions (desmosomes) B. tight junctions C. an extracellular matrix D. plasmodesmata E. gap junctions - ANSWER>>D Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant cells? A. gap B. tight C. adhesion D. plasmodesmata - ANSWER>>D

A multicellular organism, such as a rabbit, is A. composed of a single cell. B. composed of a variety of different cell types. C. composed of one giant cell. D. composed of many cells that are all the same type. - ANSWER>>B Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein? A. carrier proteins—facilitate passage of molecules through the membrane B. receptor proteins--enable passage of molecules through membrane via a conformational change C. channel proteins—facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis D. cell recognition proteins—recognition of self versus non-self E. enzymatic proteins—catalyze a specific chemical reaction - ANSWER>>C Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A. Golgi complex B. lysosomes C. endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria - ANSWER>>D In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues. True or False - ANSWER>>False Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes that break down fatty acids are called A. vacuoles. B. glyoxysomes. C. peroxisomes. D. vesicles. E. lysosomes. - ANSWER>>C What will happen to a celery stick that is placed in a glass of water? A. Salts will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution. B. Water will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution. C. Salts will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution. D. Water will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution. E. None of these choices will occur. - ANSWER>>B

A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. There is a differentially permeable membrane across the broad end of the tube, which is permeable to water but not to the sugar glucose. As diffusion occurs, A. both solutions will become more concentrated. B. both solutions will become less concentrated. C. the 10% solution will become more concentrated and the 5% solution will become less concentrated. D. the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become more concentrated. - ANSWER>>D Which of the following is an example of active transport through a cell membrane? A. movement of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream and into the lungs B. movement of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream C. The movement of chlorine ions from an area of low concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of high concentration on the other side of the membrane. D. movement of H+ ions across a plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration via a channel protein - ANSWER>>C Single-celled paramecia, as well as the cells that line our respiratory tract, have these short hairlike projections: A. cilia B. microfilaments C. pili D. flagella E. centrioles - ANSWER>>A Active transport A. requires an input of ATP. B. is involved in diffusion. C. occurs in osmosis. D. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>A Which of the following organelles is found in autotrophic eukaryotic cells but not heterotrophic eukaryotic cells? A. lysosomes B. ribosomes C. chloroplast D. mitochondria E. rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER>>C

In a phospholipid bilayer, the A. phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm. B. phosphate groups are hydrophobic. C. proteins are located only between the two layers. D. fatty acid tails are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm. E. fatty acid tails are hydrophilic. - ANSWER>>A Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane and out of the cell? A. endocytosis B. exocytosis C. receptor-mediated endocytosis D. pinocytosis - ANSWER>>B All cells have these two characteristics: A. contain DNA in the nucleus and have a plasma membrane B. contain mitochondria and chloroplasts C. have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm D. produce a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane - ANSWER>>C Which type of junctions will create a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells? A. Plasmodesmata are narrow channels B. gap C. desmosomes D. tight - ANSWER>>D If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur? A. The plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur. B. The plant's cells would take on ions. C. Nothing. The plant would be fine in either aquarium. D. The plant's cells would take on water and would lyse. - ANSWER>>A Mitochondria are thought to be derived from aerobic bacteria that became part of the eukaryotic cell through endosymbiosis. True or False - ANSWER>>True

The component of an animal cell membrane that regulates the fluidity by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperatures is ______. A. desmosomes B. fibronectin C. cadherin D. peripheral proteins E. cholesterol - ANSWER>>E According to the endosymbiosis theory _____ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells. A. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. lysosomes - ANSWER>>A Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? A. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. rough endoplasmic reticula - ANSWER>>C Which of the following statements about bacterial anatomy are correct? Select all that apply. A. The cell wall is located outside of the plasma membrane. B. Inside the cell there may be plasmids. C. On the outside of the cell there may be fimbriae. D. Inside the cell, the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. E. The glycocalyx lies on the inside of the cell membrane. - ANSWER>>A, B, C, E If a researcher was interested in slowing down the movement of cells by disrupting their ability to form pseudopods, which protein filaments should she be studying? A. kinesin B. actin C. collagen D. microtubules E. intermediate filaments - ANSWER>>B Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called the thylakoid membranes. True or False - ANSWER>>False

Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane. True or False - ANSWER>>True Which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells compared to eukaryotic cells? A. nucleoid region B. nucleus C. cell wall D. ribosome E. cell membrane - ANSWER>>A Insulin is synthesized in significant quantities only in beta cells in the pancreas. When the beta cell is appropriately stimulated by rising blood glucose levels, insulin is secreted from the cell by exocytosis. What organelle would be responsible for the packaging and transporting the insulin out of the cell? A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. nucleus D. Golgi apparatus E. centrioles - ANSWER>>D What type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient? A. active B. diffusion C. osmosis D. passive - ANSWER>>A Proteins in a membrane are A. peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton. B. integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer. C. Both answer choices are true. D. Neither answer choice is true. - ANSWER>>C Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic? A. Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules. B. Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin. C. Flagella have a nine + two pattern of microtubule structure. D. Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.

E. Centrioles are made up of a nine + zero pattern of actin filaments - ANSWER>>E Which is NOT true about the cell theory? A. It states that all organisms are composed of cells. B. Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. C. It states that all cells come from preexisting cells. D. It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously. E. It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life. - ANSWER>>D A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the thistle tube is _____ to the solution in the beaker. A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. none of the answer choices - ANSWER>>A Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell. True or False - ANSWER>>True Chloroplasts are to _____ as _____ are to aerobic respiration. A. photosynthesis; mitochondria B. stroma; cristae C. thylakoid membranes; matrix D. protein synthesis; lysosomes - ANSWER>>A Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT A. synthesize protein. B. have an efficient means of metabolism. C. have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another. D. digest large molecules and old organelles to recycle their components. - ANSWER>>C The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis. True or False - ANSWER>>False

In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found? A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. None of the above. - ANSWER>>C Which of the following features are found in a bacterial cell? Select all that apply. A. cell wall B. nucleus C. cell membrane D. ribosomes E. Golgi apparatus - ANSWER>>A, B, C, D, E Which is the best definition of osmosis? A. The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration. B. The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP. C. The movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration. D. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration. E. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. - ANSWER>>E Which scenario is most likely to occur if the mitochondria in the kidney cells were to decrease in function? A. The amount of active transport in the kidneys would significantly decrease. B. The kidneys would improve in function. C. The amount of active transport in the kidneys would increase. D. The kidneys would begin excreting large amounts of waste products. - ANSWER>>A Which is the best definition of active transport? A. movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP B. movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration C. movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration

D. movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration E. movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration - ANSWER>>A The central vacuole A. provides the plant cell with support. B. stores nutrients and cellular waste products. C. is a reservoir for water. D. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>D Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. chloroplast C. vacuole D. peroxisome - ANSWER>>D DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. How does the mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope? A. The nuclear envelope contains pores which provide passage for the mRNA. B. The mRNA will be coded into a protein within the nucleus. Then the protein leaves the nucleus. C. The nuclear envelope dissolves in order to allow the mRNA code to leave. D. A vesicle will bud off from the nuclear envelope containing the mRNA. - ANSWER>>A Which sentence does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane? A. Proteins of the plasma membrane can initiate the replication of the genetic material. B. Proteins of the plasma membrane can act as a receptor for substances external to the cell. C. Proteins of the plasma membrane can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. D. Proteins of the plasma membrane can form a channel through the membrane. E. Proteins of the plasma membrane can bind to a substance to carry it through the membrane. - ANSWER>>A A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. She notices the Golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. What part of the endomembrane system was probably affected by this new drug?

A. vesicles B. ribosomes C. mitochondria D. nucleus E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER>>A Which of the following are major functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply. A. separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell B. regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell C. recognition and communication between different cells and tissues D. maintaining connections between adjacent cells E. production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall - ANSWER>>A, B, C, D, E Which statement is NOT true about bacteria? A. Bacteria have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan. B. Some are photosynthetic. C. Some are motile due to flagella. D. Bacteria contain membrane bound organelles. E. All bacteria are prokaryotes. - ANSWER>>D Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. True of False - ANSWER>>False The first reaction in the citric acid cycle binds which of the following molecules together? A. carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C5) molecule. B. carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C4) molecule. C. acetyl CoA to a C4 molecule. D. acetyl CoA to a C5 molecule. - ANSWER>>C Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis? A. There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates). B. There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 3 carbons (pyruvate). C. There is an input of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates) and an output of 6 carbons (1 glucose). D. There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose) and an output of 6 carbons (6 CO2). - ANSWER>>A Endergonic reactions A. release energy. B. have a negative ΔG and occur spontaneously.

C. can only occur if there is an input of energy. D. have products with less free energy than the reactants. E. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>C Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol? A. the citric acid cycle B. the preparatory reaction C. the electron transport system D. glycolysis - ANSWER>>D Which of the following reactants is essential to photosynthesis? A. C6H12O6 B. O2 C. H2O D. ATP - ANSWER>>C The membrane protein _____ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P --> ATP as H+ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. A. NADH-Q reductase B. cholesterol C. the sodium-potassium pump D. ATP synthase - ANSWER>>D Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? A. fermentation B. the citric acid cycle C. the electron transport system D. glycolysis E. the preparatory reaction - ANSWER>>B During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules? A. The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 1-carbon acetyl group and two 1-carbon CO2 are released. B. The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is released. C. The carbon molecules are converted from a 2-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO2 is consumed. D. The carbon molecules are broken down from a 4-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 2-carbon CO2 is released. - ANSWER>>B

What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis? A. 2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP. B. No ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP. C. 4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP. D. 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP. - ANSWER>>D Chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is an anabolic process. True or False - ANSWER>>True Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle. True or False - ANSWER>>True Glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes. True or False - ANSWER>>False Glycolysis is a catabolic process. True or False - ANSWER>>True Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is A. used to drive another exergonic reaction. B. used to drive an endergonic reaction. C. lost as nonusable heat to the environment. D. used to decrease the entropy of the universe. E. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER>>B C - > D is coupled with the reaction ATP->ADP. Based on this information the reaction C->D is _____. A->B->C->D->E A. It cannot be determined from the information given. B. spontaneous C. exergonic D. endergonic - ANSWER>>D The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except A. an increase in substrate concentration. B. the presence of other enzymes.

C. a two to four degree increase in temperature. D. a vitamin. - ANSWER>>B Which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + _____ + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2? A. 6H2O B. glucose C. 4H2O D. 4O2 - ANSWER>>A Study the figure shown here. What does the letter "A" depict? A. energy of the product B. energy of the reactant C. substrate concentration D. energy of activation - ANSWER>>D Which of the following labels is incorrectly identified? A. B refers to the substrate-enzyme complex. B. A refers to the products. C. C refers to the reactants. D. D refers to the product. - ANSWER>>D The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell constitute A. endergonic reactions only. B. exergonic reactions only. C. free energy. D. metabolism. E. coupling reactions. - ANSWER>>D Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together? A. When the product binds to the enzyme, the substrate changes shape to accommodate the reaction. B. The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate, which is like a lock. C. As the substrate binds to the enzyme, the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction. D. The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. - ANSWER>>C What are the end products of photosynthesis? A. glucose and ATP

B. carbon dioxide and energy C. oxygen and NADP+ D. carbon dioxide and water E. glucose and oxygen - ANSWER>>E What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. chloroplast D. Golgi body - ANSWER>>C The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria. True or False - ANSWER>>False The diagram indicates a reaction. A. synthesis B. degredation - ANSWER>>A The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produce _____ ATP from each NADH and _____ ATP from each FADH2 entering the system. A. 2; 3 B. 2; 4 C. 3; 2 D. 4; 2 - ANSWER>>C A product of photosynthesis, _____, is the chief source of energy for most organisms. A. oxygen B. sucrose C. glucose D. All of the answer choices. - ANSWER>>C Characterize these reactions involved in the Calvin cycle. A. These reactions are involved in the reduction of CO2. Energy is required in the form of ATP, which is hydrolyzed to ADP. The substrate BPG is reduced, while the coenzyme NADPH is oxidized. B. These reactions are part of the light reactions in a noncyclic pathway. ATP and NADPH are used during these reactions.