BIOD 121 Module 2 exam essentials in nutrition (Portage learning), Exams of Biology

Download BIOD 121 Module 2 exam essentials in nutrition (Portage learning) and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

M2 Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown

Browser + Webcam

 Due No due date

 Points 100

 Questions 29

 Time Limit 60 Minutes

 Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Instructions

You are about to begin a timed exam. Please make sure you are in a suitable, quiet place, free from distraction. Also, make sure you are comfortable with the material in the module before beginning. This exam will cover all material covered in Module 2. Remember, you must complete this exam without the help of any study aids, including another person, printed materials, or the Internet, and you must complete the exam in one sitting.

Attempt History

Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 60 minutes 92 out of 100

Score for this quiz: 92 out of 100

Submitted Feb 17 at 4:40pm This attempt took 60 minutes.

Question 1

2 / 2 pts

Multiple Choice: Which type of diffusion can move substances down concentration gradients utilizing a transporter? Passive diffusion Osmosis Active transport Correct! Facilitated diffusion

Question 2

4 / 4 pts

List 3 organs of the gastrointestinal tract and state their functions. Your Answer: Stomach - Store and break down foods into Chyme Small Intestine - Absorb nutritients into blood stream and fats into lymph system Big Intestine (Colon) - Absorb water and minerals Mouth - hold and mechanically digests food Esophagus - passageway for food Stomach - Hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digests it Small intestine - Site of digestion and absorption of nutrients Large intestine - Reabsorbs water and some vitamins Rectum - Passes undigested foodstuffs from the body Question 3

4 / 4 pts

List one of the GI tract’s accessory organs and its function for digestion. Your Answer: Liver - create bile to disolve fats Options: Salivary glands: releases saliva containing enzymes that chemically digest food Liver – produces bile to break down fats Gallbladder – stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats Pancreas – releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down food Question 4

4 / 4 pts

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed.

Your Answer: True True Question 5

2 / 2 pts

Match the digestive disorder to its description or characteristics: Correct! Constipation Correct! Diarrhea Correct! Diverticulosis Correct! Irritable bowel syndrome Correct! Peptic ulcer Question 6

0 / 4 pts

List 1 dietary treatment for heartburn: Your Answer: More proteiin and insoluble Possible answers: eating smaller meals that are low in fat, Slow movement of fecal material through the colon causes it to be hard, dry and infrequent Loose, watery and frequent stools Small pouches that push out through weak spots in the colon that can become inflamed Associated with bloating, abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, or constipation Sores that develop along the GI tract triggered by H. Pylori, NSAIDs, stress or smoking

chewing food well, avoiding overeating, and limiting coffee, tea, alcohol and certain spices waiting 2 hours after a meal before lying down sleep with the head of the bed elevated Question 7

0 / 4 pts

List a dietary treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Your Answer: IBS - take medicine and low fiber diet Therapy includes frequent small meals, low fat meals, high fiber intake, probiotics, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms: gas producing foods (such as beans), milk products, alcohol, caffeine, and fat. high fiber intake Question 8

2 / 2 pts

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation? Excess glucose is stored as glycogen Glucagon and insulin are responsible for blood glucose control The pancreas influences blood sugar regulation Correct! Low blood sugar is called hyperglycemia Glucagon helps to raise blood sugar levels Question 9

2 / 2 pts

Multiple Choice: Glycogen is broken down into polysaccharides amino acids triglycerides disaccharides Correct! glucose

Question 10

2 / 2 pts

Match the sugar to its common source or characteristic: Correct! Galactose Correct! Sucrose Correct! Glucose Correct! Fructose Question 11

4 / 4 pts

Below are two clients with digestive ailments. For each of them explain which fiber should be added to their diet and how it will improve their symptoms.

1. Client 1 suffers from constipation
2. Client 2 has high cholesterol Your Answer:
3. Client 1 suffers from constipation is cause by low fiber diet, suggest client to increase insoluble fiber in his diet, eating whole grains, nuts , dry or fresh fruit and vegitable will help to increase the stool size, at the same time require increase of liquid intake.
4. Client 2 has high cholesterol by increase soluble fiber will help to lower cholesterol, because soluble fiber will absorb cholesterol in the GI tract stopping the it from absorb via small intestine. which can help him to lower the cholesterol level. Found in milk Example of a disaccharide The monosaccharide referred to as blood sugar An example of a monosaccharide

**1. Insoluble fiber can improve constipation. It does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria so it increases stool mass and speed of passage through the large intestine.

2. Soluble fiber slows glucose absorption and fat, so it’s associated with lowering cholesterol (and it provides satiety). Soluble fiber dissolves in water creating an intestinal barrier to block absorption. Question 12**

2 / 2 pts

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme primarily digests lactose? Maltase Sucrase Amylase Trehalase Correct! Lactase Question 13

4 / 4 pts

Fats provide ___ kcal of energy/gram. Your Answer: 9 9 Question 14

2 / 2 pts

Multiple Choice: The central nervous system prefers to use glucose for energy, but if it is unavailable, the CNS can use _______. Amino acids Glycerol Protein Correct! Ketones Fatty acids

Question 15

4 / 4 pts

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hyperglycemia. Your Answer: False Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. FALSE: Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. OR High blood sugar levels are referred to as hyperglycemia. Question 16

4 / 4 pts

Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Include cause, on-set, symptoms and treatment in your answer. Your Answer: The cause of type 1 diabetes is pancreas cannot create insulin, so blood sugar increase after meal for there is no insulin to help cells to increase the absorbion of glucose. Symptoms are weight loss, thirsty, etc. On-set is normally at childhood or young age Treatment is insulin treatment, increase soluble fiber in diet The cause of type 2 diabetes is pancreas create insulin slowly, which is not enough to use after meal causing blood sugar level increase, similar to type 1 diabetes. Symptoms are over weight, hypertnesion, high cholesterol, etc. On-set is at later stage in life, normally happen to adults Treatment is insulin medication (oral), increase soluble fiber in diet In both type 1 and 2 diabetes blood glucose levels are high, or there is hyperglycemia, so both also have similar symptoms (excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and ketosis).

Causes, treatment and time of onset are different between type 1 and 2 diabetes: -Type 1 is when the pancreas doesn’t make any insulin, treatment is exogenous insulin and generally has onset in childhood-early adulthood and is rarer than type 2. -Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, treatment includes insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs, it is linked to being overweight/diet, and generally has an onset in adulthood Question 17

4 / 4 pts

What is the difference between essential vs nonessential amino acids? Your Answer: There are 20 amino acids 9 are Essential amino acids cannot be produced within the body, have to get it from food, it can be found in meat, egg, soy and mix grans and beans The rest are Nonessential amino acids which can be produced within our body from essential amino acids and combined with other substance. Nonessential amino acids can be manufactured by the body or converted from other existing matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids are 9 amino acids that we must consume through the diet as our bodies cannot naturally synthesize them. Question 18

4 / 4 pts

Match the following protein states to their definitions: Correct! Protein equilibrium Correct! Positive protein balance Correct! Negative protein balance Question 19

4 / 4 pts

State when protein intakeis equivalent to the amount of protein lost State when we take in more protein than we lose State when protein loss is greater than intake

Hillary is having her diet evaluated. She commonly will only eat 1 item. Like a bowl of rice, or some green lentils. As it pertains to proteins, explain to Hillary the difference between complete and incomplete proteins. Would her way of eating introduce complementary proteins into her meal? Your Answer: Complete proteins have all 9 essential amino acids Incomplete proteins doesnt' have all 9 essential amino acids Either Rice or Green lentils are both incomplete proteins, but combining both together grains and beans will form complete proteins. Therefore in her daily diet is suggested that we combine both rice and green lentils together will provide complete proteins in her diet. Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. She needs to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins. Question 20

4 / 4 pts

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the oxygen units together. Your Answer: false, The type of fatty acid is dependenton the bonds from the first link of the carbon chain False: The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the carbon units together. Question 21

4 / 4 pts

Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than omega 3. Your Answer: Is easier to get Omega 6 because all meat and most plants' fatty acid is Omega 6 As for Omega 3, there are only a few nutral food provide, like Salmon, Walnut, Flaxseed, Mechark, tea seeds oil

and Omega 3 is very easily oxidised. It has to do with the types of foods the essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain in our diets. Question 22

2 / 2 pts

Match the lipid to its role in the body: Correct! Triglyceride Correct! Phospholipid Correct! Sterol Question 23

4 / 4 pts

Describe atherosclerosis, the role of certain fats in its development and how to lower risk for development of atherosclerosis. Your Answer: Atherosclerosis is plague form in the artires, cause disrbution to the blood flow, which will increase blood pressure. Increase the risk of heart attack and strok. To lower the risk for the development of atherosclerosis is to increase HDL in the diet, lower LDL by increase soluble fiber in the diet, like fruits and vegetables in the diet. Cut down on sweat drinks and alcholo, Lower Stress level. Atherosclerosis is when plaques form in the arteries, inhibiting proper blood flow and adding to higher blood pressure. It increases risk for strokes or heart attacks. It is associated with high levels of LDL and/or low levels of HDL. Source of energy, provide insulation and protection, and serve as a carrier of fat soluble vitamins Formcell membranes, transport lipoproteins and act as emulsifiers Used to generate hormones, or steroids

Smoking cessation, exercise, weight management and blood pressure control can lower risk. Question 24

4 / 4 pts

List at least 3 conditions that increase mortality risk for patients with metabolic syndrome. Your Answer: Smoking, low fiber diet, drinking Alcholo, not sleeping enough, don't drink enough water Diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease Question 25

4 / 4 pts

You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A young child presents with edema in the legs and abdomen, a fatty liver, and his mother reports recent changes to his skin and hair. What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? Your Answer: Kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor Question 26

4 / 4 pts

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. Foods that are often high in starch are also a good source of fiber. Your Answer: True True Question 27

4 / 4 pts

The pancreas plays a role in blood sugar regulation. For (A) the fasting, and (B) the fed states, list the hormones the pancreas releases and their effect on blood glucose. Your Answer: Fasting- Pancreas realise Glucogon break down glucogenstore to glucos

Fed - pancreas realise insulin to help cells to increase glucos absorbing (A) Fasting – pancreas releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels (B) Fed – pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels. Question 28

4 / 4 pts

Jill says she eats plant-based foods only. She eats “eggs” made of mung beans and “burgers” made of pea protein. What type of diet is this considered? Your Answer: vEGAN vegan Question 29

4 / 4 pts

Which macromolecule type plays a role in giving structure, providing movement, and is a form of hormones and enzymes? Your Answer: pROTEIN Proteins