Biod 151/A&P 1 Module 3 Exam portage learning Updated 2023 Latest Update, Exams of Nursing

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Biod 151/A&P 1 Module 3 Exam portage

learning Updated 2023 Latest Update

Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Your Answer: Gastrin stimulates the secretaion of pepsinogenes and HCL. If it is excess amounr that means it would be lead to erosion of the stomach. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. Explain in detail how the stomach contents enter the small intestine. Your Answer: There is the pyloric sphincter at thebase of stomach. Therefore, this valve relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass the opening into the first part of small intestine. And then, this initiates a reflex. That is why the muscles of the sphincter to contrcat and close the openinf temporarily. After sphincter relaxes again and it allows more chyme to enter. The pyloric sphincter (valve), located at the base of the stomach, relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the small intestine. This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and

Question 1

5 / 5 pts

Question 2

5 / 5 pts

close the opening temporarily. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more chyme to enter. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. Question 3

10 / 10 pts

3:

4:

7:

9:

10:

Your Answer: 3: Stomach 4: Gallbladder 7: Jejenum

9: Appendix 10: Rectum 3: Stomach

4: Gallbladder 7: Jejunum (not small intestine) 9: Appendix (not large intestine) 10: Rectum (not large intestine) A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this toxicity? Explain your answer. A.Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above Your Answer: Fat soluble vitamin. These vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Therefore it can cause vitamin toxicity. B. Fat soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body’s fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine. Your Answer: Absorption: Water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation ; Feces goes to the rectum then excreted va anus. Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Question 4

5 / 5 pts

Question 5

5 / 5 pts

Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Answer the following essay question: Question 6

10 / 10 pts

Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. Your Answer: Parietal cells located in the wall of stomach body secrete HCL acid, generate a pH of 1.3-3.5. This acidite kills many bacteria. Also, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase.Secretion of HCL acis is essential in the activate of pepsin. Chief cells produces pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. HCL acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin and then it begins breakdown of proteins. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins. Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces: Large intestine Stomach Question 7

4 / 4 pts

Vitamin K Pepsinogen

Small intestine Other Incorrect Match Options:

• Bile
• Salivary amylase
• Trypsin Secretin

What is the purpose of the hormone Leptin? Increase hunger, decrease satiety Increase hunger, increase satiety Decrease hunger, increase satiety Decrease hunger, decrease satiety Which of the following statements is false? Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. Question 9

3 / 3 pts

Question 8

3 / 3 pts

(It controls the entrance to the large intestine) The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive system. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends. Question 10

2 / 2 pts

True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. True False True/False: Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules. True False True/False: The oropharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. True Question 11

2 / 2 pts

Question 12

2 / 2 pts

False (The nasopharynx is the most superior region) True/False: The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscle: circumferential and oblique. Question 13

2 / 2 pts

True False (It does not include an oblique layer) True/False: The digestive work of salivary amylase is an example of mechanical digestion. True False (Chemical digestion) Label the following three types of raised bumps on the tongue. Describe the purpose of type C. Question 14

2 / 2 pts

Question 15

10 / 10 pts

A:

B:

C:

Describe C: Your Answer: A. Filiform papillae B: Circumvallete papillae C; Fungiform Papillae C: They are raised bumps and located on the tounge.Fungiform papillae contain taste buds. There type of papillae help to grip food on the tounge. A: Filiform papillae

B: Circumvallate papillae C: Fungiform papillae

Describe C: The papillae are raised bumps on the tongue. The three types of papillae help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform. Fungiform papillae contain taste buds. Which of the following statements is true concerning glycolysis? Pyruvic acid are broken down into glucose. Two ATP molecules are formed in first breakdown of glucose. Glucose is broken down into three pyruvate molecules. Glucose is broken down into two sucrose molecules. Which of the following statements is false concerning the second stage of glucose breakdown? This second stage is also known as the TCA cycle. Pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide. Question 16

4 / 4 pts

Question 17

3 / 3 pts

Additional ATP is formed. This is also known as the electron transport system.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the Electron Transport System? Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration. Approximately a total of 34 ATP are formed. Protons are pumped out of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The proton motive force forms ATP molecules. Label the diagram below, including left or right. Describe tooth (A). Question 19

10 / 10 pts

Question 18

3 / 3 pts

A:

C:

E:

F:

Describe tooth type A: Your Answer: A: Left Central Incisor C: Left Canine E: Right Molar F: Maxilla (Hard Palate )

A: Left Central Incisor; It is Chisel-shaped for biting food. A: Left Central Incisor C: Left Canine (cuspid)

E: Right Molar F: Maxilla (Hard Palate) Describe tooth type A:Chisel-shaped for biting food Match the structure with the best description: Pancreas: Storage site for bile Attached to the soft palate Secretes juices which digest all types of foods Stores glycogen and produces urea Forms food into a bolus Question 20

2 / 2 pts

Question 21

2 / 2 pts

Match the structure with the best description: Small Intestine: First section is called the jejunum Contains the LES

Attaches to the greater omentum Pancreas secretions enter here via Hepatopancreatic ampulla Secretes Vitamin K Match the structure with the best description: Muscularis externa (layer of tissue): Made of two layers of muscle Innermost layer Secretes mucous Contains blood and lymph vessels Question 22

2 / 2 pts

Begins in the mouth Match the structure with the best description: Question 23

2 / 2 pts

Dentin: Upper portion of gums Outermost layer Bone-like substance Hard connective tissue Contains longitudinal muscle Match the structure with the best description: Common Bile Duct Contains secretions from the pancreas Question 24

2 / 2 pts