BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage Learning, Exams of Nursing

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BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

Learning

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

Learning

There are six levels of organization in the body - what are they? - correct

answer 1) chemical

2. cellular
3. tissue
4. organ structure
5. organ system
6. organism The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our external

environment is provided by what system? - correct answer The integumentary

system

The function of movement is provided by what system? - correct answer The

muscular system

The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? - correct answer The

nervous system

The function of digestion is provided by what system? - correct answer The

digestive system

What is anabolism? - correct answer When more complex structures are

synthesized from simpler ones.

What is catabolism? - correct answer When more complex structures are broken

down into simpler ones.

Excretion involves what systems? - correct answer The respiratory system, the

digestive system, and the urinary system.

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? - correct answer The

endocrine system.

Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body? - correct

answer The epithelial tissue.

Name the three steps in cellular respiration. - correct answer 1) glycolysis

2. citric acid cycle
3. electron transport chain

What is the purpose of ATP? - correct answer ATP provides cells with the energy

necessary to carry out cellular activities and functions.

Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - correct answer Secretion and

absorption

What are the four basic tissue types? - correct answer 1) epithelial

2. muscle
3. connective
4. nervous

Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? - correct

answer Superficial

Away from the body surface is what direction? - correct answer Deep

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what direction? - correct

answer Intermediate

Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? -

correct answer Medial

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what

direction? - correct answer Inferior

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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Toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction? - correct

answer Superior

Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? - correct

answer Anterior/Ventral

Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? - correct answer Distal

Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? - correct answer Proximal

Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? - correct

answer Posterior/Dorsal

Closing of a joint is which action? - correct answer Flexion

Opening of a joint is which action? - correct answer Extension

In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? - correct

answer Supination

Why are the hands palm forward in anatomical position? - correct answer In

supination the forearm bones (the radius and ulna) are uncrossed.

Define elevation - correct answer upward movement of a structure

Define depression in anatomy - correct answer downward movement of a

structure

Define retraction - correct answer the movement of a structure in the posterior

direction

Define protraction - correct answer the movement of a structure in the anterior

direction

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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A person standing in anatomical position moves their right wrist laterally toward the

radius - what is this action called? - correct answer Radial deviation

This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk. - correct answer axial

division

This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. - correct

answer sagittal plane

These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts. -

correct answer frontal planes

A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts. - correct

answer superior and inferior

These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes. -

correct answer oblique

This body cavity protects the nervous system. - correct answer dorsal body cavity

This body cavity encases the brain. - correct answer cranial

This cavity encloses the spinal cord. - correct answer spinal

The frontal plane is also known as what plane? - correct answer coronal

The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities. - correct answer thoracic

and abdominopelvic

This cavity encloses the heart. - correct answer pericardial

The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered

membrane called what? - correct answer serosa

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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What is pleurisy? - correct answer inflammation of the pleurae, which impairs their

lubricating function and causes pain when breathing. It is caused by pneumonia and other diseases of the chest or abdomen.

The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? - correct

answer right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower

This region surrounds the naval. - correct answer umbilical region

This region houses the pelvis. - correct answer illiac region

This cavity houses the teeth and tongue. - correct answer oral cavity

This cavity houses the eyes. - correct answer orbital cavity

Joints are lined with what? - correct answer synovial fluid

This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them. - correct answer middle ear:

malleus, incus, and stapes

Why do active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small? - correct

answer Active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small so that the metabolic

processes can occur at a faster rate. As a cell gets bigger the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. The larger the surface area of a cell is relative to its volume, the faster metabolic processes can occur.

What are three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - correct

answer 1) Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane whereas eukaryotic

cells do

2. prokaryotic cells are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells
3. prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells.

What is the function of the nucleus? - correct answer The nucleus stores DNA

and is the control center of the cell.

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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What is the function of ribosomes? - correct answer Ribosomes synthesize

proteins.

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - correct

answer synthesizes lipids

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? - correct

answer The rough ER takes the proteins from the ribosomes on its surface and

modifies and transports them.

What is the function of RNA? - correct answer RNA transports the coded amino

acid sequence to the ribosomes from the nucleus for protein synthesis.

What is the function of endospores? - correct answer An endospore is a dormant

and very durable cell formed from bacteria.

What is the function of the Golgi complex? - correct answer The Golgi complex

receives lipids and proteins from the ER, alters the structures of them, and then ships them to other parts in the cell. It also produces lysosomes.

What is the function of a lysosome? - correct answer A lysosome is made up of

digestive enzymes that break down biomacromolecules.

What is the function of mitochondria? - correct answer The mitochondria converts

energy from food into ATP.

What is the function of the plasma membrane? - correct answer The plasma

membrane contains gates and pumps that regulate what goes into and out of cells.

What are microtubules? - correct answer Microtubules are hollow tubes that help

move chromosomes during cell division.

What are microfilaments? - correct answer Microfilaments are solid fibers that

create movement.

What is the function of the extracellular matrix? - correct answer The extracellular

matrix contains collagen.

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production - correct

answer ATP provides energy to cells. Aerobic respiration is the process in which

oxygen is used to break down food and convert the chemical energy in it into ATP.

Explain what happens in Tay-Sachs disease. - correct answer When lysosomes

lack one of the digestive enzymes that normally breaks down a toxic lipid in the brain, the lipid builds up and can lead to intellectual disability and death.

eukaryotic cells/prokaryotic cells - correct answer The three main differences are

the size (prokaryotes are smaller), the presence of a nucleus (not present in prokaryotes), and the presence of membrane-bound organelles (not present in prokaryotes).

membranes - correct answer The structure is a phospholipid bi-layer where

proteins can be partially or completely embedded. The proteins can change positions and move around within the membrane, thus it's "fluid"

diffusion - correct answer Diffusion is when molecules move from an area of

higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to achieve equilibrium with the two sides of a membrane. (small molecules such as gases, water, and glycerol as well as lipid-soluble molecules such as hydrocarbons) Facilitated diffusion is used for a lipid-insoluble molecule and happens by carrier proteins binding temporarily to the molecule and releasing it to the other side. (lipid- insoluble (polar) molecules such as sugars and amino acids)

active transport - correct answer When molecules or ions are pumped from an

area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This requires extra energy and carrier proteins because the molecules are going against the concentration gradient.

endocytosis - correct answer when a biomacromolecule outside the cell gets

enclosed in the cell membrane and forms a vesicle inside the cell.

phagocytosis - correct answer endocytosis of extremely large things like other

cells. Once enclosed, lysosomes fuse with and digest it.

BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam 2023 - Portage

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pinocytosis - correct answer endocytosis of tiny droplets of fluids. The cell

membrane pinches inward.

receptor-mediated endocytosis - correct answer information transfer from one cell

to another by use of ligands (signaling molecules) that bind to receptor proteins.

proteins - correct answer In facilitated diffusion and active transport, carrier

proteins are used to move lipid-insoluble molecules to the other side of the membrane.

isotonic - correct answer same concentration of solutes inside as outside the cell

hypertonic - correct answer higher concentration of solutes inside the cell than

outside the cell blood cells will shrivel in the process of equalizing

hypotonic - correct answer lower concentration of solutes inside the cell that

outside the cell blood cells will swell in the process of equalizing

cholesterol - correct answer Cholesterol is a lipid that is very hydrophobic and has

one polar hydroxyl group. It joins with phopholipids and mixes in with the tails to prevent solidification during low temperatures. It also stabilizes the phospholipd head with the hydroxyl group by restricting movement in higher temperatures.