BIOD 151 Module 5 Exam 2024/2025 Portage Learning ALREADY PASSED, Exams of Anatomy

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BIOD 151 Module 5 Exam 2024/

Portage Learning ALREADY PASSED

True or False: There are three types of muscle tissue found in the body True True or False: Smooth and cardiac muscle tissue are both under voluntary control False True or False: The musculocutaneous nerve is part of the central nervous system False (this is a peripheral nerve) True or False: A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system False (sensor input) True or False: The cervical plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh False True or False: the lumbar plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh True True or False: the I bands contain thick filmanets False (I bands contain thin filaments) Ligaments connect which types of tissue? Connects bone to bone Tendons connect which types of tissue? Connects muscle to bone The return of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes what to occur? Muscle relaxation (muscle contraction stops) Acetylcholine is what type of substance? neurotransmitter Your patient is in a seated position with his feet flat on the floor. He is having difficulty lifting his toes off the floor. What muscle (s) is impaired from contracting? E. A & C (Tibilis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bend his spine backward. What muscle is involved?

Spinalis thoracis (extensor of the vertabral column) When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip? F. A&D (internal rotation and flexion) During a muscle contraction which protein myofilament is pulled along? Actin What is the name of the thin filament? Actin True or False: A sensory signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system. True True or false: The lumbar plexus is part of the central nervous system False What is the name of the thick myofilament? Myosin What must occur for a muscle contraction to stop? Calcium ions must be pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum flexor digitorum superficialis (action) flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2- 5 flexor digitorum superficialis (innervation) median nerve Pronator Teres (insertion) mid lateral surface of radius Pronator teres (action) pronation Pronator teres (innervation) Median nerve Vastus medialis (origin) intertrochanteric line of femur vastus medialis (action) knee extension peroneus (origin) lateral, distal fibula peroneus (insertion) Lateral side of 5th metatarsal peroneus (innervation) Superficial peroneal nerve Your patient sustained an injury to their facial nerve (CN VII). Which actions would be impaired?

F. B&C (Buccinator and Risorius) Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bring his chin to his chest. He is also having difficulty turning his face from side to side. What muscle is most likely impaired? Sternocleidomastoid (Bilateral neck flexion, unilateral turns face) A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle group was injured? Spinalis True or False: When a muscle contracts, the M lines within a sarcomere come closer together towards the Z line. True True or False: The A band contains thin filaments True (A band contains thick and thin filaments) When flexor digitorum profundus contracts, what action(s) occurs? E. A&C (wrist flexion and flexion of digits 2-5) When gluteus maximus contracts, which bone is pulled posteriorly by this muscle? Femur Which muscle contracts to enable the main effort required to stand on your toes? Gastrocnemius When rectus femoris contracts, which bone is pulled anteriorly by this muscle? Tibia When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs? A. Elbow extension B. Wrist extension C. Extension of digit 1 D. Extension of digits 2- 5 E. A&C F. B&D E. A & C Contraction of ___ results in ____? psoas major, hip flexion Contraction of ___ results in ____? iliacus, hip flexion When superior gemellus contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip? A. Lateral rotation B. Internal rotation C. Adduction D. Extension

E. Flexion F. A&D G. B&E F. A & D Describe what is meant by muscle fiber "cross-bridges". What occurs to enable movement of the cross-bridges? In the presence of calcium ions, portions of a myosin filament called cross-bridges bend backward and attach to an actin filament. After attaching to the actin filament, the cross-bridges bend forward and the actin filament is pulled along. The cross-bridges attach and detach some fifty to 100 times as the thin filaments are pulled to the center of a sarcomere. ATP is needed on a cellular level for the myosin to pull actin along. Zygomaticus Minor Pulls corners of lips upward Splenuis capitis Origin: Spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae Iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis Origin: public crest, pubic symphysis insertion: pubis, cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process Serratus Anterior Innervation: long thoracic nerve The suprascapular nerve innervates which of the following muscles? A&b Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Action: wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2- 5 Extensor digitorum Ac!ons: wrist extension, extension of digits 2- 5 Lesser trochanter of the femur (insertion) TFL tensor fascia latae Origin: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) Extensor digitorum longus The muscle indicated below acts to flex digits 2-5. True or false? True Semimembranosus Medial condyle of tibia (insertion) Describe how acetylcholine, sodium ions and calcium ions work together to enable a muscle contraction

Acetylcholine (a special chemical called a neurotransmitter) is released from a motor nerve at the neuromuscular junction (or NMJ). Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber that cause sodium channels to open. Sodium ions rush inside the cell, triggering an action potential which eventually reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell, causing a muscle contraction to occur. Identify the muscle and its unilateral action highlighted in the figure below. Longissimus cervicis Unilateral action: laterally flexes neck to same side Spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis Origin: lower border of ribs 1- 11 Action: elevates ribs during normal inspiration(External intercostals) Rhomboids major (not minor) Origin: spinous process T2- 5 Use the figure below to answer the following questions: The lower subscapular nerve innervates which of the following muscle (s)?Select all that apply. A&D Origin: lateral epincondyle of humerus Insertion: anterolateral surface of radius Palmaris Longus Innervation: Medial nerve Extensor digiti minimi Innervation: deep radial nerve Identify the muscle in the figure below that extends the wrist and digits B (extensor indicis) Origin: iliac fossa of ilium Identify piriformis in the figure B This muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve. False Gluteus medium Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur Which muscle (below) originates on the intertrochanteric line of the femur? C (Vastus Medilais) Peroneus Longus The muscle indicated below acts to flex digits 2-5. True or false? False (this is flexor hallucis longus) Identify the muscle and name 2 origins

Biceps Femoris Long head- ischial tuberosity Short head- one of the following: linea aspera of femur, lateral surface of femur

1. Which muscle has origins on both the clavicle and scapula? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)
2. Which muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve? (specify letter on diagram with the name of the muscle for full credit)
3. What is the name of muscle D? 4. What is the innervation of muscle D?
4. What is the insertion of muscle E?
5. A (Deltoid)
6. H or I (Lats)
7. Infraspinatus
8. Suprascapular nerve
9. Intertubercular groove of humerus (Teres major) A: Flexor carpi radialis B: Flexor digitorum superficialis C: Palmaris longus D: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris E: Flexor pollicis longus F: Flexor digitorum profundus D: Peroneus (fibularis) longus E: Soleus F: Tibialis posterior G: Flexor digitorum longus H: Flexor hallucis longus I: Peroneus (fibularis) brevis A: Frontalis/ occipitofrontalis D: Orbicularis Oris F: Zygomaticus minor H: Risorius I: Masseter A: Frontalis/ occipitofrontalis D: Orbicularis Oris F: Zygomaticus minor H: Risorius I: Masseter