BIOD 171 (Portage Learning) Module 6 Actual Exam- Questions and Answers Latest Update 2024, Exams of Nursing

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BIOD 171

(Portage Learning)

Module 6 Actual

Exam- Questions

and Answers Latest

Update 2024/

This attempt took 39 minutes. Correct! False True True or False. Although viruses may contain their genome within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a cell), it is considered neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic.

Question 1 2 /^2 pts

Describe the two basic components of a virus. Your Answer: Two basic components of a virus are;

Question 2 5 /^5 pts

The genomic material that comprises of either DNA or RNA A capsid, a membraneus like protective structure that contains genetic materials similar to those of the eukaryotic cell A virus has (1) genomic material comprised of either DNA or RNA and (2) a capsid, a membrane-like protective structure that contains the genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. capsid Your Answer: Capsid The envelope surrounds theof some viruses.

Question 3 3 /^3 pts

False. The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are enveloped whereas the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not. True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a bacterial cell. True Correct! (^) False

Question 4 2 /^2 pts

Smallpox (~200nm) > Paramyxovirus (100-150nm) > Poliovirus (~30nm) Your Answer: Smallpox virus(~200nm) ---> Paramyxovirus(100-150nm) ---> Poliovirus(~30nm) Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest: Paramyxovirus Poliovirus Smallpox virus

Question 5 3 /^3 pts

Question 7 5 / 5 pts

False True or False: Viral replication occurs after it attaches and enters the host cell. Correct! (^) True True. The viral genome is never replicated before attachment and entry.

Question 6 2 /^2 pts

Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of each step. Uncoatin g: Release: Replicati on: Attachm ent: Entry: New infection: Your Answer: Attachment --> Entry --> Uncoating --> Replication --> Release --> New Infection Attachment; the viral receptors attaches to te host protein on the cell surface Entry; the virus fuses with the membrane of the host cells and enters the cell Uncoating; The viral capsid disassembles Replication; the viral genome is the blue print that replicates itself Release; New viral particles are

produced and then released New Infection; the released new viral particles that exists the cell go ahead and infect new cells 3- Uncoating: the viral capsid disassembles 5-Release: New virus particles are produced and leave the cell 4-Replication: the viral genome is the ‘blueprint’ to make copies of itself Attachment: viral receptors bind to host proteins on the surface of the cell Entry: the virus fuses with the host membrane and enters the cell 6-New infection: newly produced viruses that left the host cell now go on to infect new cells.

1. Bacteriophage
2. 20 Your Answer: Bacteriophage; 20 A virus that infects bacteria is called a [answer1] and contains a [answer2] -sided polygon capsid.

Question 8 3 /^3 pts

True or False. Structurally, bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells. Correct! (^) True True. Bacteriophages are structurally distinct from viruses that infect plant and animals cells. False

Question 9 2 /^2 pts

Identify the following components of a bacteriophage.

Question 10 5 /^5 pts

[answer3] [answer4] [answer5] Your Answer: Capsid Collar Tail Base Plate Tail fibre 1-Capsid 2- Collar Tail Base plate Tail fibers 1-[answer1] 2- [answer2] Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages. Your Answer: Lytic bacteriophage are inside the host bacteria and they keep replicating in the host until it ruptures and dies, on the other hand, the Temperate phages exist in the host bacteria but the do not replicate and they do not kill their host cells

Question^5 /^5 pts

Lytic bacteriophages replicate within the host bacteria until it ruptures, whereas temporate (or lysogenic) phages primarily exist in a non-replicative state that does not kill the host cell. Lytic phages replicate all viral proteins needed for the assembly of new virus particles whereas lysogenic phage genomes are integrated into the host genome but production of viral proteins is suppressed. Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why? Your Answer: Low. Viral titer is the quantitative amount of virus present in a culture or media. This sample shows cloudiness which indicates that there is a lot of

Question 12 5 /^5 pts

intact bacteria present in it as turbidity shows the amount of intact bacteria present in a culture. But as the lytic cycle continues, the virus lyses on the bacteria cell and the sample becomes clearer. Low. As turbidity is a function of the number of intact bacterial cells present in the media, the amount of virus contained within the above tube must be low. As the lytic cycle continues more and more bacterial cells will be destroyed, effectively clearing the media. Correct! Measles, mumps and rubella can all be spread via airborne particles formed while coughing, sneezing, etc. All of the above A and B Rubella Mumps Measles Which of the following can be spread via airborne particles:

Question 13 2 /^2 pts

12 / True or False. A patient infected with rubella is only considered infectious when the trademark rash is visible. True Correct! (^) False False. A patient infected with Rubella is infectious one week before and one week after the appearance of the rash.

Question 14 2 /^2 pts

Correct! Correct! A patient may experience a combination of symptoms such as fever, flu-like symptoms (influenza), cough, conjuctivitis, and a red blotchy skin rash. Influenza-like symptoms Rheumatic fever Conjunctivitis Impetigo A patient diagnosed with German measles may additionally experience what disease? Select all that apply.

Question 15 2 /^2 pts

Question 16 2 /^2 pts

Which of the following diseases does a linear, single-stranded RNA virus cause? Measles Mumps Rubella B and C Correct! (^) All of the above Measles, mumps and rubella are all linear, single-stranded RNA viruses. Mumps. A patient infected with mumps (aka epidemic paratitis) has primary swelling in the paratoid (salivary glands) located in the neck but also may have secondary swelling in the testes/ovaries and pancreas. Your Answer: Mumps What disease displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes/ovaries and pancreas?

Question 17 3 /^3 pts

Chickenpox is highly contagious and can be transmitted (1) through both air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs) or via (2) direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual. Your Answer: Chickenpox can be spread through airborne droplets like coughing and sneezing Coming in direct contact with blisters of the infected person Describe two ways chickenpox can be spread.

Question 18 5 /^5 pts

Correct! False True. The most common age for VZV reactivation and shingle diagnosis tends to occur in people around 60 years of age. True True or False. The development of shingles is most often seen in an older adult population (> 60 years old).

Question 19 2 /^2 pts

Question 21 5 / 5 pts

A person who has neither previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZV vaccine is exposed to someone with an active VZV (shingles) outbreak and becomes infected. Explain why (or why not) the person will only develop shingles. Your Answer: True Correct! (^) False False. Unlike chickenpox blisters, which can form anywhere, the blisters associated with shingles are localized and limited to small areas. True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body.

Question 20 2 /^2 pts

The person who has niether previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZU vaccine will first be infected with chickenpox and not shingles because shingles is the reactivation of dormant VZU form chickenpox infection. Hence someone who has never had chickenpox or been given the VZU vaccine will not have the dormant VZU from the chickenpox infection that they have never had or been vaccinated with in the first place. The infected individual will not develop shingles, but will develop chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed individuals must first develop chickenpox, as shingles is the reactivation of the dormant VZV virus from the chickenpox infection.

Question 22 5 /^5 pts

While traveling abroad, should you be worried about coming into contact with either the Variola major or Variola minor viruses? Your Answer: No. No need to worry because variola major and Variola minor viruses are variants of smallpox that has been eradicated since 1977. No. Both viruses are variants of smallpox and were eradicated in 1977. You would not need to worry about coming into contact with the virus. Polio, also known as poliomyelitis. Your Answer: Polio What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus targets the CNS (central nervous system), causing potentially catastrophic damage to motor neurons?

Question 23 3 /^3 pts

By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed? Your Answer:

Question 24 3 /^3 pts

By Jonas Salk; In 1955 at the university of Pittsburgh Jonas Salk and his research team developed the polio vaccine at the University of Pittsburgh in 1955. Influenza A Your Answer: Influenza A Which subtype of Influenza is the most virulent?

Question 25 3 /^3 pts

A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit the release of newly produced viral particles. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why? Your Answer: Neuraminidase proteins should be targeted. This is because the Neuraminidase protein is responsible for the budding and release of the newly produced viral particles. unlike Hemagglutinin which is responsible for the attachment and entry of the virus. Its best adviced to target Neuraminidase which inhibits the release of newly produced viral particles

Question 26 5 /^5 pts

Question 27 5 / 5 pts

Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu? Your Answer: Flu shot given each year maynot be 100% effective at preventing flue because there are different variants of flu. It is possible to still get a flu even after being vaccinated because the subtypes of the flu are many and its possible that while you were given the vaccine the particular variant you were exposed to was not given in the vaccine. Most times, medical researchers just predict and then roll out vaccines that should be given based on the data of the varient that is mostly in circulation at that time. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% perfect or reliable. Hence, you could have been given a flu shot and then be infected by a variant that wasn't Neuraminidase (N) proteins are directly involved in the budding and release of new viral particles and would thus be the correct target. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins would not be advisable targets as they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell.

administered with the vaccine that you got. It is possible to receive a flu vaccine and yet (unfortunately) still get the flu in the same season if you are exposed to a viral strain that was not included in the vaccine. There are a large number of variants and the flu vaccine is unable to vaccinate against all subtypes. Medical researchers predict and then distribute flu vaccines based current trends and the available data relative to the most common circulating strains. Unfortunately, this model is not always 100% accurate.

23 /1 Correct! False True True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is cone shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24.

Question 28 2 /^2 pts

Correct! CXCR5 CD3 HIV gp41 binds to the receptor CXCR4 CXCR4 CD4 The HIV surface glycoprotein gp41 binds what host cellular receptor?

Question 29 2 /^2 pts

An individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. What is the general purpose of this medication? Your Answer:

Question 30 5 /^5 pts

Quiz Score: 100 out of

The general purpose is to inhibit the retrovirus as the name implies. That is to stop the replication of the virus from producing new viral particles and supressing the virus making the load of the virus light on the patient. If the virus cannot replicate new viral particles; HIV will not degenerate into AIDs which is the reason for the broken immune system that allows other disease to have their way in a persons body and eventually leading to death Answer: As the name suggests, anti-retrovirals are intended to inhibit (anti) the life cycle of retroviruses (retro). By inhibiting steps in the HIV’s lifecycle, anti-retroviral medications effectively block the production of new virus particles and lower the viral load of the patient.