BIOD121 REVIEW FINAL EXAM MODULE 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS TESTED AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS SU, Exams of Nursing

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BIOD121 REVIEW FINAL EXAM MODULE 1

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS TESTED AND VERIFIED

SOLUTIONS SUCCESS GUARANTEED

Question 5 / 10 pts What is the difference between hunger and appetite? Your Answer: Hunger : sensation that prompts to eat Appetite : a desire to sonsume specific foods. CORRECT ANSERS Hunger is the internal drive to find and eat food. Appetite is the external drive that encourages us to find and eat food. Hunger is related to the negative sensations caused by the lack of food, while Appetite is related to the pleasurable sensations involved with eating food we enjoy. Question 2 0 / 10 pts List two examples of Cognitive external forces that can influence eating habits and comment on your personal experience with each of them. Your Answer: 1- palatability is popertional to the pleasure someone experineces when eating food. if i like the smell , tastes 2- variety is another reason that can infulence eating habit. CORRECT ANSERS Habits, Comfort foods, Advertising, Social Factors, Nutritional Value Question 3 10 / 10 pts

1. bis the internal drive to find and eat food. Often experienced as a 2. sensation.

Appetite is the external drive that encourages us to find and eat food. Related to pleasant sensations associated with food. Your Answer: hunger bis the internal drive to find and eat food. often experinenced as a 2 negative sensation CORRECT ANSERS

**1. Hunger

2. negative Question 4 0 / 5 pts Multiple Choice:** Vitamins are considered both Macronutrients and Inorganic You Answered Macronutrients and Organic Correct Answer Micronutrients and Organic Micronutrients and Inorganic

Question 5 0 / 5 pts Short Answer: Define macronutrients Your Answer: Macronuclients ; any chemical element or substance that required in minutes amounts or trace amounts for the growth and proper heath of a living organism. CORRECT ANSERS Macronutrient – nutrients needed in large amounts in the body Question 6 10 / 10 pts If a fudge brownie has 14 grams of carbohydrates, 2 gram of protein and 9 grams of fat. How many calories are in the brownie? Your Answer: 145 calories. 14 x 4 = 56 2 x 4 = 8 9 x 9 = 81 56 + 8 + 81 = 145 calories Question 7 0 / 10 pts The current recommendation to maintain your body weight is 2000 calories daily. You should not consume any more than 65% of your calories from carbohydrates. How many grams of carbohydrates should you eat in a day?

Your Answer: the current recommendation to maintain your body weight is 2000 calories daily. you should not consume any more than 60% of your calories from carbohydrates 300 grams of carbs. 325 grams (2000 x .65 = 1300 1300calories / 4 = 325 grams of carbs Question 8 10 / 10 pts

1. The state of nutrition can be achieved by eating a variety of foods which provide all the essential nutrients.
2. Malnutrition can either be a nutritional state of (A) or (B) nutrition. Your Answer:
3. state of adequacy 2- overnutrition or undernutrition **CORRECT ANSERS
4. desirable

A. over B. under Question 9 10 / 10 pts** An individual’s health can be assessed using the ABCDEs of nutritional assessment. Give a brief description of what A stands for. Your Answer:

A = Anthropometrics - measurementsof body composition such as height and weight. CORRECT ANSERS Anthropometrics- measurements of body composition such as height and weight Question 10 9 / 10 pts Answer the following: According to MyPlate, what types of food should we increase in our diet? Your Answer: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteines, low fat dairy. CORRECT ANSERS fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low fat dairy Question 11 0 / 10 pts Based on the nutritional label shown below, how many calories would you consume if you ate the entire container of macaroni and cheese?

Your Answer: 250 calories

CORRECT ANSERS

250 calories per serving x 2 servings per container = 500 calories MODULE 2 pecific parts of the GI tract include the (A) , esophagus, stomach, (B) , large intestine and rectum. Other organs such as the liver, (C) and pancreas aid in digestion but are not considered part of the GI tract. Your Answer: GI tract include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. other organs such as the liver, gallblader, and pancreas aid in digestion but are not considered part of the GI tract. CORRECT ANSERS A. mouth B. small intestine C. gallbladder Question 2 10 / 10 pts Explain the cause and symptoms of heartburn. Your Answer: it is caused by acid refluxing back into the esophagus. symptomes may includes a burning sensation behind the sternum either as aspasm or asharp pain. CORRECT ANSERS Heartburn is a burning sensation in the esophagus due to an improper closing of a sphincter that allows stomach acids to enter into the esophagus. Question 3 10 / 10 pts Sphincters play an important role in the GI tract.

Name two sphincters discussed in the module and using your own words, briefly describe their functions. Your Answer: The esophageal sphincter prevents the contents of the stomach from reentering the esophagus. The pyloric sphincter controls the releaseof chyme into the small intestines from the stomach. CORRECT ANSERS The esophageal sphincter prevents the contents of the stomach from reentering the esophagus. The pyloric sphincter controls the release of chyme into the small intestines from the stomach. The ileocecal sphincter prevents the contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine. Question 4 10 / 10 pts Define the role of enzymes in digestion. Are enzymes an example of the chemical or mechanical process of digestion? Your Answer: ezymes in digestion helped building muscle, destroying toxins, and breacking down food particles during digestion. chemical digestion is a vital part of digestion process while mechanical digestion involves physical movements , such as chewing, and musccles contarctions. chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food. CORRECT ANSERS Enzymes role is to breakdown food particles into smaller parts and readies the nutrients for absorption. Enzymes are an example of chemical digestion. Question 5 0 / 10 pts Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and fiber. Match the following with the descriptions. a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. Insoluble Fiber

c. Insoluble Fiber d. Soluble Fiber a. Monosaccharides d. Soluble Fiber e. Functional Fiber

1. Examples include sucrose and maltose
2. Examples include fructose and galactose
3. Added to food for intestinal health
4. Dissolves in the GI tract
5. Also called non fermentable fiber **You Answered
6. Examples include sucrose and maltose Correct Answer** b. Disaccharides **You Answered
7. Examples include fructose and galactose Correct Answer** a. Monosaccharides **You Answered
8. Added to food for intestinal health**

b. Disaccharides e. Functional Fiber Correct Answer e. Functional Fiber You Answered

4. Dissolves in the GI tract Correct Answer d. Soluble Fiber **You Answered

5. Also called non fermentable fiber Correct Answer** c. Insoluble Fiber Question 6 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation? Hormones are responsible for control

High blood sugar is called hyperglycemia Correct! Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels Excess glucose is stored as glycogen Question 7 5 / 5 pts Short Answer: What is the function of glucagon? Your Answer: stimulate glucose, msaintains bloog glucose level. CORRECT ANSERS Glucagon is released from the pancreas. This hormone converts liver glycogen to glucose and improves blood sugar to greater than 70 mg/dl. Question 8 0 / 10 pts Name the food groups that vegans will include in their diet and those that they avoid. Your Answer:

meat, poultry, fish and eggs CORRECT ANSERS Vegans will consume plant foods only. Question 9 10 / 10 pts The biological value of a protein is different in (A) vs plant sources. (B) sources are considered high quality or complete proteins. Plant sources are considered lower quality or (C) protein. When two or more plant proteins combine, the proteins are called complimentary proteins. A condition resulting from regularly consuming insufficient amounts of proteins and calories is called protein- calorie malnutrition. Your Answer: A. Animal B Animal c. incomplete CORRECT ANSERS A. animal B. Animal C. incomplete Question 10 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT true concerning fats and lipids? Correct! Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause the greatest increase in LDL levels

A relationship has been found between a diet high in fat and cardiovascular disease Some fat is necessary in our diet To lower blood cholesterol levels choose foods made with unsaturated fats Question 11 5 / 5 pts Short Answer: What are lipoproteins comprised of? Your Answer: Lipoproteines are comprised of a monolayer shell of polar lipids and proteines surrounds a hydrophobic core containing cholesterol esters and tryglycerides. CORRECT ANSERS Lipoproteins are lipids surrounded by a shell of protein, phospholipids and cholesterol. Question 12 10 / 10 pts Define protein calorie malnutrition. Your Answer:

Protein calorie malnutrition is inadequate intake of protein and calories over a period of time which leads to muscle wasting, and increased risk of infection due to a compromised immune system. proteine malnutrition is inadequate intake of proteine and calories over a period of time which leads to muscle wasting, and increased risk of infection due to a compromised immune system. CORRECT ANSERS Quiz Score: 80 out of 100 MODULE 3 Multiple Choice: Which of the following questions is NOT true of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? The BMR is the minimal amount of calories used by the body in a fasting state when resting You Answered Males have a higher BMR than females Pregnancy increases the BMR Correct Answer Physical activity is a component of the BMR

Question 2 5 / 5 pts Short Answer: Define the term energy balance. Your Answer: The state in wich energy intake , in the form of food and bereages, matches the energy expended , primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity. ( equilibrum) CORRECT ANSERS Energy balance is defined as energy intake being equal to energy expended Question 3 0 / 5 pts Using the guidelines for Body Mass Index someone with a body mass index of greater than 31 would be considered. Your Answer: overweight CORRECT ANSERS obese Question 4 5 / 5 pts Comparing the amount of oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired measures a person’s energy expenditure using. Your Answer: Idirect calorimeter CORRECT ANSERS Indirect calorimetry

Question 5 10 / 10 pts Calculate the EER for a male who is 20 years old, 5 feet 11 inches tall, 155 pounds with an active lifestyle. Activity Level PA Men PA Women Sedentary - No exercise 1.00 1. Low Activity - exercises the equivalent of walking 2 miles per day at 3-4 mph 1.11 1. Active - exercises the equivalent of walking 7 miles per day 1.25 1. Very Active - exercises the equivalent of walking 17 miles per day 1.48 1. Males: EER = 662 - (9.53 x AGE) + PA x (15.91 x WT + 539.6 x HT) Females: EER = 354 - (6.91 x AGE) + PA x (9.36 x WT + 726 x HT) 1 kg = 2.2 pounds 1m = 39.37 inches Your Answer: Males EER= 662-(9.53AGE)+ PA(15.91WT+539.6HT)= 3086.7 CALORIES. CORRECT ANSERS Males: EER = 662 - (9.53 x AGE) + PA x (15.91 x WT + 539.6 x HT) where: AGE = 20 PA = 1.25 (from chart) WT = 155 lbs x 1 kg/2.2 lbs = 70.45 kg HT = 71 in x 1 m/ 39.37 in = 1.80 m Plug in the numbers for the variables: EER = 662 - (9.53 x 20) + 1.25 x (15.91 x 70.45 + 539.6 x 1.80) Multiply the numbers inside the parenthesis: EER = 662 - (190.6) + 1.25 x (1120.9 + 971.3) Add inside the parenthesis: EER = 662 – 190.6 + 1.25 x 2092.

Multiply before adding: EER = 662 – 190.6 + 2615. Add and Subtract: EER = 3086.7 calories Question 6 10 / 10 pts

1. The distribution of fat in the body is important. Males often have an apple shape, often referred to as obesity.
2. Females have a pear shape often referred to as obesity.
3. The shape that has the highest health risks associated with it is the shape. Your Answer:
4. apple
5. android
6. apple **CORRECT ANSERS
7. android
8. gynoid
9. apple Question 7 3.33 / 10 pts** Which person is at a greater risk for health issues related to being overweight or obese? Explain your answer. Janet has a BMI of 24 and a waist to hip ratio of .8. Fred has a BMI of 25 and a waist to hip ratio of 1.0. Your Answer: Fred

Fred CORRECT ANSERS The desired hip to waist ratio in males is <0.9 and in females < 0.8. A BMI of 18-24.9 is considered healthy A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered overweight A BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese Exceeding the respective values would be indicative of a health risk Question 8 5 / 10 pts What table can be used to determine if an individual is in a healthy weight range, an overweight range or is considered obese? Would this table be appropriate for a muscular individual? Your Answer: BMI = BODY MASS INDEX CORRECT ANSERS Body Mass Index Table No it would not be appropriate Question 9 6.66 / 10 pts Nature and nurture both play a role in determining our weight. Mark each statement as nature or nurture.

1. Your body’s set point.
2. Identical twins often share the same body type.
3. High fat diets and inactivity promote weight gain. Your Answer:

1. nurture
2. nature
3. nurture **CORRECT ANSERS
4. nature
5. nature
6. nurture Question 10 10 / 10 pts** The least number of calories that Joe should consume in order to lose weight but continue to meet his nutrient needs is. Your Answer: less than 1500 calories. 1500 calories Question 11 6.66 / 10 pts
7. energy balance occurs when energy intake is greater than energy expenditure resulting in weight gain.
8. A energy balance occurs when intake is less than energy expended resulting in a weight loss.
9. Most adults should be in a state of energy where energy intake is equal to energy output. This results in weight maintenance. Your Answer:
10. positive energy balance
11. negative energy
12. intake CORRECT ANSERS

E. Self Monitoring C. Stimulus Control A. Cognitive Restructuring

**1. Positive

2. negative
3. balance Question 12 10 / 10 pts** Match the following behavior modification strategies with the correct statement. A. Cognitive Restructuring B. Chain Breaking C. Stimulus Control D. Contingency Management E. Self Monitoring
4. Keeping a food diary helps you track calories.
5. To avoid overeating at a party you keep a low cal drink in your hands and stay away from the food.
6. You shift your thoughts on food from allowed and not allowed to moderation. **Correct!
7. Keeping a food diary helps you track calories. Correct!
8. To avoid overeating at a party you keep a low cal drink in your hands and stay away from the food. Correct!
9. You shift your thoughts on food from allowed and not allowed to moderation.**

Quiz Score: 71.65 out of 100 MODULE 4 Multiple Choice: Fat soluble vitamins have all the following characteristics except : They are organic Are absorbed into the lymph system Correct! All are synthesized by the body Are stored in large quantities Question 2 0 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Fat soluble vitamins have all the following characteristics except : You Answered

They are organic Correct Answer They provide energy Are absorbed into the lymph system Are stored in large quantities Question 3 10 / 10 pts

1. Lack of this vitamin can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.
2. Xeropthalmia is a result of a deficiency of. Your Answer:
3. vitamin D
4. vitamin A **CORRECT ANSERS
5. Vitamin D
6. Vitamin A**

Question 4 6.66 / 10 pts

1. Vitamin C is important in the formation of. Like Vitamin A and E it works as an antioxidant scavenging free radicals.
2. Combining with good sources of this vitamin will improve its absorption.
3. A deficiency results in scurvy which can be prevented by consuming. This vitamin is often marketed as a cure for the common cold. Your Answer:
4. Collagen
5. Antioxidant
6. Citrus fruits **CORRECT ANSERS
7. collagen
8. iron
9. citrus fruits Question 5 0 / 10 pts**
10. A friend of yours is a weight lifter. He just purchased a supplement of vitamin B-6. What are the side effects of mega doses of this vitamin?
11. Why would he consider taking this? Your Answer:
12. side effects of mega doses of this vitamin are : disfiguring skin lesions, loss of balance, feeling tired, headache, drowsiness
13. because is important for normal brain development and for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy.

CORRECT ANSERS

**1. Megadoses of B-6 from supplements can cause hand and foot numbness as well as irreversible nerve damage.

2. Weight lifters use large amounts to build muscle mass. Question 6 10 / 10 pts**
3. A deficiency of thiamin results in beriberi which translates to I can’t I can’t. Pellagra is a deficiency of niacin and the symptoms include diarrhea, dermatitis, and death.
4. Ariboflavinosis results from a riboflavin deficiency leading to an inflamed tongue known as glossitis and , cracks around the mouth.
5. A deficiency of folate and vitamin both result in megaloblastic anemia, formation of large immature red blood cells. Your Answer:
6. Dementia
7. Cheilolosis
8. B-12 **CORRECT ANSERS
9. dementia
10. cheilosis
11. B-12 Question 7 10 / 10 pts**
12. To prevent dehydration two hormones are secreted. is secreted from the adrenal glands to conserve sodium and water.

2. The pituitary glands release to decrease urine output. Your Answer:
3. Aldosterone
4. Antidiuretic hormone **CORRECT ANSERS
5. Aldosterone
6. antidiuretic hormone Question 8 10 / 10 pts** What are ions? Your Answer: ions are minerals that have an electrical charge and are called electrolytes. CORRECT ANSERS Ions are minerals that have an electrical charge and are called electrolytes. Question 9 6.66 / 10 pts
7. are essential nutrients. The degree to which they can be absorbed is called their bioavailability.
8. Minerals needed in amounts > 100 mg per day are called major minerals while those needed in quantities < 100 mg daily are minerals.
9. Would vitamins or minerals be more likely to be destroyed during the cooking process? Your Answer:
10. Minerals are essential nutrients.
11. trace minerals
12. They are not destroyed during cooking process.