Biology Final Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Biology

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BIOL 1001 FINAL EXAM WEEK 6 – QUESTION AND

ANSWERS

Question 1

North America is currently experiencing an unprecedented and rapid loss of species. What is believed to be the main

cause?

Correct Answer:

d.

Human activities

Question 2

Which of the following is not a form of evidence used in understanding the evolutionary relationship among living

organisms?

Correct Answer:

c.

All of the above

Question 3

During cellular respiration, glucose is metabolized into the low-energy compounds carbon dioxide and water,

while the rest of the energy released goes where?

Question 4

Different versions of the same genes are called:

Correct Answer:

a.

Alleles

Question 5

During the 19th century, sea otters were hunted almost to the point of extinction. When the number of sea

otters became very low, the ecosystem of kelp bed “forests” also declined. Scientists discovered that the sea

otters were predators of sea urchins, which were, in turn, predators of the kelp. When sea otters declined, the

sea urchin populations grew, destroying the kelp ecosystem and the many species that depended on it. It

was then understood that sea otters were in this

ecosystem.

Correct Answer:

d.

a keystone species

Question 6

A particular Galápagos finch uses the sharp point of its beak to break open small nuts and the strength of its

jaws to crack open larger nuts. When a breeding population is blown onto an island with a choice of either

very small nuts or very large nuts, members of the group began to specialize, one group eating only very small

or very large nuts, depending upon their beaks. Over time, two stable groups developed, each directed

towards its specific niche. This is an example of:

Correct Answer:

d.

Diversifying selection

Question 7

You are trying to breed a heterozygote Rr rat and want to avoid homozygotes. Which of the following crosses

would be your best choice?

Correct Answers:

c.

RR x rr

Question 8

Driving along a rural two-lane highway, you notice red-winged hawks perched on a tree approximately every

mile or so. This pattern continues for quite a few miles. This is an example of a distribution.

Correct Answer:

e.

uniform

Question 9

Gametes fuse together during:

Correct Answer:

e.

Fertilization

Question 10

Match each term in column 1 with its definition in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Metastasis

c.

When cancerous cells lose contact inhibition and begin to move around

the body Translation

d.

When protein is assembled from the instructions in the

genetic code

Angiogenesis

a.

When a tumor attracts and redirects blood vessels to keep it supplied with oxygen

and nutrients Biopsy

b.

Retrieval and examination of tissue to determine whether cells are

cancerous

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT likely to be an example of an evolutionary change in a population?

Correct Answer:

d.

An increase in the number of people diagnosed with colon cancer

Question 12

Which of the following is not a way in which fossil evidence supports the theory of common descent? The fossil

record:

Correct Answer:

c.

Typically contains many complete bodies, so they are easy to classify

Question 13

Choose the false statement:

Correct Answer:

e.

All of the above statements are true. There are no false statements here.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false?

Correct Answer:

a.

Human behavior does not affect the concentration of greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere.

• Question

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant to the allele (p) for white flowers. In a cross between a

purple- flowered plant and a white-flowered plant, all 73 of the offspring plants had purple flowers. Which of

the following most likely describes the cross above?

Correct Answer:

b.

PP x pp

Question 16

Which of the following facts is used to support the theory of evolution?

Correct Answer:

e.

All of the above.

Question 17

What aspect of DNA demonstrates the degree of relatedness between organisms? Choose the best answer.

Correct Answer:

b.

The order of bases along the DNA

Question 18

The actual carrying capacity of our planet may be lower than initially calculated because:

Correct Answer:

d.

Modern food production relies on nonrenewable resources

Question 19

The flexible characteristics of the cell membrane is referred to as:

Correct Answer:

b.

Fluid mosaic

Question 20

Which of the following is the proper equation for cell respiration?

Correct Answer:

c.

C

H

O

+6 O

→ 6 CO

+ 6H

O + energy

Question 21

Which statement is false?

Correct Answer:

b.

A mutated oncogene is a proto-oncogene.

Question 22

Data collected from the major fisheries of the world indicate that the stocks of big fish in the oceans have

fallen by 90% since 1950. Ocean going tuna, swordfish, marlin, and large groundfish populations are at about

10% of their previous sizes. Due to industry expansion over the same period of time, the tonnage of fish

caught in US fisheries has nearly doubled. The loss of large ocean going fish is most likely due to: (Choose the

best answer)

Correct Answer:

a.

Overexploitation

Question 23

Which of the following statements is a testable scientific hypothesis?

Correct Answer:

b.

Eating fish reduces the chance of having a stroke.

Question 24

Consider a cell that underwent mitosis but not cytokinesis. The result would be:

Correct Answer:

b.

A cell with two nuclei

Question 25

Match each term in column 1 with its description in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Photosynthesis

d.

Process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose

and oxygen Cellular respiration

b.

Process by which glucose and oxygen are converted to

carbon dioxide and water Anaerobic respiration

c.

Process by which energy is released from

carbohydrates without using oxygen Calvin cycle

a.

A process within photosynthesis

Question 26

Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive allele causing a blood disorder. If a man without hemophilia and a woman

who is a carrier of the disease have a daughter, what are the chances that she will have hemophilia?

Correct Answer:

c.

0%

Question 27

Table sugar (sucrose) belongs to which category of nutrients?

Correct Answer:

c.

Carbohydrates

Question 28

What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness?

Correct b.

Answer:

The new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that

individual would have few or no offspring.

Question 29

Which of the following are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic life via endosymbiosis?

Correct Answer:

d.

All of the above

Question 30

Diffusion is:

Correct d.

Answer:

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 31

Which statement is true?

Correct Answers:

c.

Somatic cells contain more DNA than egg cells

Question 32

Match each term in column 1 with its example in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Introduced

d.

species A mammal brought to a region from another continent by settlers eats a variety of plants upon

which native species depend for food.

Habitat

a.

Fragmentation A newly constructed freeway separates a large tract of brush and trees with a creek from the

neighboring natural forest.

Pollution

c.

The runoff of waste into a stream causes a

fish kill. Overexploitation

b.

A whale population plummets as a result of hunting.

Question 33

Which of the following is at the “bottom” of a trophic pyramid?

Correct Answer:

e.

Producers

Question 34

There have been mass extinctions experienced on a global scale before the current extinction epoch.

Correct Answer:

b.

five

Question 35

Match each macromolecule in column 1 with its description in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Nucleic acids

c.

Includes RNA

Carbohydrates

b.

Includes monosaccharides and polysaccharides

Lipids

a.

Includes phospholipids that are important to cell membrane

function Proteins

d.

Includes enzymes, which help regulate a cell’s chemical

reactions

Question 36

A cell uses energy to bring a substance inside the cell so that substance’s concentration inside the cell is

higher than outside the cell. This is an example of:

Correct Answer:

b.

Active transport

Question 37

In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?

Correct Answer:

d.

The individuals who are best adapted to the environment

Question 38

Approximately how many people were on Earth in 1970, and how many are on Earth today?

Correct Answer:

d.

4 billion, 7 billion

Question 39

The most important reason why one can see evolution in a population of mosquitoes more easily than one can

see evolution in a population of squirrels is because mosquitoes:

Correct Answers:

e.

Have a shorter generation time

Question 40

The reactions of cellular respiration occur in the:

Correct Answer:

e.

Matrix of the mitochondria

Question 41

Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Correct Answer:

a.

DNA

Question 42

Which of the following threats to biodiversity today is not significantly related to human activities?

Correct Answer:

e.

None of the above. They are all related to human activities.

Question 43

Match each term in column 1 with its description in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Niche

a.

Role a species plays in an ecosystem

Community

d.

All individuals of all species living within an area of

interest Mutualism

c.

Interaction between two organisms that

benefit each other Food web

b.

Complex linkage among

organisms of different niches

Question 44

Which of the following is a false statement about carbon and the carbon cycle?

Correct c.

Answer:

There is a one-way flow of carbon from volcanoes to plants to herbivores to carnivores and,

finally, to the atmosphere.

Question 45

Which two groups’ common ancestor would be found in more superficial strata?

Correct Answer:

e.

Animals and plants

Question 46

What is found when alleles among different human groups are analyzed?

Correct Answer:

c.

There are no race-specific alleles and no consistent patterns of allele frequencies.

Question 47

Pockets of air from Earth’s ancient atmosphere were frozen in the polar ice caps. Ice core data indicates that in

the last 400,000 years, atmospheric CO 2

never exceeded _. Today measurements indicate that the

CO

concentration is

.

Correct Answer:

b.

370 ppm; less than 370 ppm

Question 48

Which of the following variations could be subject to natural selection?

Correct c.

Answers:

A hyena is born with a spotted fur pattern that allows it to hide in the grass better than its

littermates.

Question 49

Huntington’s disease is caused by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h.

Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype hh. What is the

chance that their first child will develop Huntington’s disease?

Correct Answer:

d.

50%

Question 50

A population of birch trees is present on the side of a mountain and is preyed upon by beetles that burrow

into bark. Which of the following trees is most likely to be the most fit?

Correct Answer:

c.

A tree that has tougher bark

Question 51

Match each cell component in column 1 with its description in column 2.

Question Correct Match

Ribosome

c.

Translates genetic material into proteins

Lysosomes

d.

Contains enzymes that degrade proteins, carbohydrates,

and fats Nucleus

b.

Contains DNA

Centriole

a.

Composed of microtubules and helps move chromosomes around during cell division

Question 52

Choose the best answer. The logic of natural selection predicts that a population of organisms will undergo

evolution, if, and only if, the following condition(s) exist:

Correct Answer:

e.

Both a and b

Question 53

The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually:

Correct Answer:

a.

DNA → RNA → protein

Question 54

Evidence for evolution includes:

Correct Answer:

e.

All of the above

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT true of chromosomes?

Correct Answer:

a.

Larger organisms have larger numbers of chromosomes.

Question 56

Cancer results when:

Correct Answer:

a.

Cells divide uncontrollably

Question 57

A scientific hypothesis has all of the following features EXCEPT that it is

Correct Answer:

c.

Able to be proven true

Question 58

All of the following experiments would be considered an ecological study EXCEPT the effect of a:

Correct Answer:

e.

Hormone on the rate of blood vessel formation

Question 59

How does the rate of extinction today compare to the rates in the past?

Correct b.

Answer:

The rate today is about fifty times greater than what it has been, on average, in the fossil record.

Question 60

Which of the following is the most direct (or first) result of natural selection on a population?

Correct Answer:

b.

The frequency of some alleles changes.

Question 61

Which of the following is the most important reason for preservation of unused species, such as Mexican

teosinte (Zea diploperennis), important in the context of human welfare?

Correct a.

Answer:

Genes from species such as Z. diploperennis can be used to help protect our food crops

from low genetic variability.

Question 62

Which of the following is the correct sequence of how an animal is “built”?

Correct Answer:

b.

meiosis → fertilization → zygote → embryo

Question 63

Trisomy 13, Trisomy 21, and XXY conditions are:

Correct Answer:

d.

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 64

The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called:

Correct Answer:

E.

Enzymes

Question 65

Having a statisticall y significant result means:

Correct Answer:

a.

The results are not likely due to chance

Question 66

During , parent cells produce gametes.

Correct Answer:

a.

meiosis

Question 67

Which of the following is not an anthropogenic (human-caused) phenomena threatening biodiversity today?

Correct Answer:

e.

None of the above; they are all anthropogenic threats to biodiversity

Question 68

Due to the fact that they are a friendly species that floats when they are killed, North American right whales

were considered the “right whales” to hunt. They were hunted to the brink of extinction. At some point in the

beginning of the 20th century, there were only three reproducing females left. With protection, the

population has rebounded to 400 individuals, and all are thought to be descendants of those females. As a

result, this species is vulnerable because of:

Correct Answer:

b.

Inability to respond to environmental change due to lack of genetic variability

Question 69

Consider an experiment in which subjects are given a pill to test its effectiveness on reducing the duration of a

cold. Which of the following is the best way to treat the control group? (Choose the best answer.)

Correct a.

Answer:

Give the control group a pill that does not affect the duration of colds but do not

explain this fact to them.

Question 70

The current rapid loss of species is sometimes called the sixth mass extinction. This increase in extinction

rate beyond background extinction is thought to be due to:

Correct Answer:

d.

Human population growth and the resulting habitat changes worldwide

Saturday, May 20, 2017 12:43:47 AM EDT

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