Biological Molecules Part III - General Biology | BIOL 1001, Study notes of Biology

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Chapter 3

Biological Molecules

Part III

Biol 1001 Spring 2012

Table 3 - 2

Summary of Lipids & Proteins

Nucleotides



Molecule composed of 3 parts

 (^) 5-carbon sugar  (^) Phosphate functional group  (^) Nitrogen containing base  Differs amongst nucleotides  (^) Carbon and nitrogen rings with functional groups 

Functions

 (^) Energy-carrier messengers  (^) Intracellular messengers  (^) Polymer subunits (=nucleic acids) 

2 classes based on sugar

 (^) Ribose nucleotides  (^) Deoxyribose nucleotides sugar phosphate base Ribose Missing an “O” atom Deoxyribose (^) Fig 3- 6 Fig 3- 22

Nitrogen Base Ribose sugar 3 Phosphate groups

Energy Carriers



Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

 (^) Ribose nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups  (^) Unstable molecule  (^) Carries energy in bonds between phosphate groups  (^) Breaking of bond linking 3rd (^) phosphate to molecule  energy release

 NAD+ & FAD

 (^) Transport energy via electrons Fig 3-23: ATP

Intracellular Messenger



Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)

 (^) Regulates cellular activities  (^) Interacts with other molecules to transfer messages within cells & set off biological reactions  (^) In liver & muscles  Activates enzymes to break down glycogen http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php?title=Signal_

Nucleic Acids – Molecules of Heredity



Chains of nucleotide monomers

 (^) Covalent bonds form between  (^) Oxygen of phosphate group of 1 st^ nucleotide &  (^) Sugar of 2nd (^) nucleotide http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/bch5425/lect02/lect02.htm

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)



Contains genetic information of cells



Polymer of deoxyribose nucleotides

 (^) Nucleotides  (^) Adenine, guanine (2 rings)  (^) Cytosine, thymine (1 ring)  (^) Double stranded  (^) Linked by hydrogen bonds  (^) Double helix structure

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)



Converts DNA info into proteins  Polymer of ribose nucleotides 

Nucleotides

 (^) Adenine, Guanine (2 rings)  Cytosine, Uracil (1 ring) 

Single stranded

 Helix structure

http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-RNA.aspx

http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/A12.html

Summary of Nucleotides &

Nucleic Acids

Table 3 - 2