Biology 100 Bio Beyond Scientific-Midterm Exam with 100% Correct Answers Latest Update and, Exams of Biology

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Biology 100 Bio Beyond Scientific-Midterm Exam

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1. Applied science - ✔️✔️ a form of science that solves real-world problems
2. Atom - ✔️✔️ a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions
3. Basic science - ✔️✔️ science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge
4. Biology - ✔️✔️ the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
5. Biosphere - ✔️✔️ a collection of all ecosystems on Earth
6. Cell - ✔️✔️ the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

7. Community - ✔️✔️ a set of populations inhabiting a particular area
8. Control - ✔️✔️ a part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment
9. Deductive reasoning - ✔️✔️ a form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to forecast specific results
10. Descriptive science - ✔️✔️ a form of science that aims to observe, explore, and find things out
11. Ecosystem - ✔️✔️ all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment
12. Eukaryote - ✔️✔️ an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
13. Evolution - ✔️✔️ the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising from older species
14. falsifiable - ✔️✔️ able to be disproven by experimental results

22. Natural science - ✔️✔️ a field of science that studies the physical world, its phenomena, and processes
23. Organ - ✔️✔️ a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function
24. Organ system - ✔️✔️ the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs
25. Organelle - ✔️✔️ a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell
26. Organism - ✔️✔️ an individual living entity
27. peer-reviewed article - ✔️✔️ a scientific report that is reviewed by a scientist's colleagues before publication
28. Phylogenetic tree - ✔️✔️ a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and
29. Differences in genetic or physical traits or both

30. Physical science - ✔️✔️ a field of science, such as astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter
31. Population - ✔️✔️ all individuals within a species living within a specific area
32. Prokaryote - ✔️✔️ a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle
33. Science - ✔️✔️ knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the
34. Scientific method
35. Scientific law - ✔️✔️ a description, often in the form of a mathematical formula, for the behavior of some aspect of nature under
36. Certain specific conditions
37. Scientific method - ✔️✔️ method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observation
38. Scientific theory - ✔️✔️ a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

47. Buffer - ✔️✔️ A solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
48. Carbohydrate - ✔️✔️ a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates
49. Serve as energy sources and structural support in cells
50. Action - ✔️✔️ A positive ion formed by losing electrons
51. Cellulose - ✔️✔️ a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell
52. Chemical bond - ✔️✔️ an interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of
53. Molecules
54. Chitin - ✔️✔️ a type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, and the cell walls
55. of fungi
56. Cohesion - ✔️✔️ the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creates surface tension

57. Covalent bond - ✔️✔️ a type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are
58. Shared between elements
59. Denaturation - ✔️✔️ the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
60. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔️✔️ a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the
61. Cell
62. Disaccharide - ✔️✔️ two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
63. Electron - ✔️✔️ a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and
64. has a charge of -
65. Electron transfer - ✔️✔️ the movement of electrons from one element to another

75. Hydrogen bond - ✔️✔️ a weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged
76. Elements or molecules
77. Hydrophilic - ✔️✔️ describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
78. Hydrophobic - ✔️✔️ describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
79. Ion - ✔️✔️ an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge
80. Ionic bond - ✔️✔️ a chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges
81. Isotope - ✔️✔️ one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
82. Lipids - ✔️✔️ a class of macromolecules that is nonpolar and insoluble in water

83. Litmus paper - ✔️✔️ filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator
84. Mass number - ✔️✔️ the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
85. Matter - ✔️✔️ anything that has mass and occupies space
86. Monosaccharide - ✔️✔️ a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
87. Neutron - ✔️✔️ particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1
88. Nonpolar covalent bond - ✔️✔️ a type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between
89. Atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds
90. Nucleic acid - ✔️✔️ a biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the
91. Functioning of the cell

101. polar covalent bond - ✔️✔️ a type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and away from another,
102. Resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule
103. Polypeptide - ✔️✔️ a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
104. Polysaccharide - ✔️✔️ a long chain of monosaccharide’s; may be branched or branched
105. Protein - ✔️✔️ a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
106. Proton - ✔️✔️ a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +
107. Radioactive isotope - ✔️✔️ an isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

108. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ✔️✔️ a single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis
109. Saturated fatty acid - ✔️✔️ a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen
110. Atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
111. Solvent - ✔️✔️ a substance capable of dissolving another substance
112. Starch - ✔️✔️ a storage carbohydrate in plants
113. Steroid - ✔️✔️ a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings
114. Surface tension - ✔️✔️ the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating
115. Temperature - ✔️✔️ a measure of molecular motion
116. trans-fat - ✔️✔️ a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather

126. Degradation
127. Chloroplast - ✔️✔️ a plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
128. Cilium - ✔️✔️ a short, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane in large numbers and is used to
129. Move an entire cell or move substances along the outer surface of the cell
130. Concentration gradient - ✔️✔️ an area of high concentration across from an area of low concentration
131. Cytoplasm - ✔️✔️ the entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended
132. in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals
133. Cytoskeleton - ✔️✔️ the network of protein fibers that collectively maintains the shape of the cell, secures some organelles in
134. Specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move

135. Cytosol - ✔️✔️ the gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended
136. Desmosome - ✔️✔️ a linkage between adjacent epithelial cells that forms when cadherin’s in the plasma membrane attach to
137. Intermediate filaments
138. Diffusion - ✔️✔️ a passive process of transport of low-molecular weight material down its concentration gradient
139. Electrochemical gradient - ✔️✔️ a gradient produced by the combined forces of the electrical gradient and the chemical
140. Gradient
141. Endocytosis - ✔️✔️ a type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell
142. Endomembrane system - ✔️✔️ the group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify,
143. Package, and transport lipids and proteins

155. Fluid mosaic model - ✔️✔️ a model of the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components, including
156. Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids, resulting in a fluid rather than static character
157. Gap junction - ✔️✔️ a channel between two adjacent animal cells that allows ions, nutrients, and other low-molecular weight
158. Substances to pass between the cells, enabling the cells to communicate
159. Golgi apparatus - ✔️✔️ a eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids
160. and proteins for distribution
161. hypertonic - ✔️✔️ describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has higher osmolality than the fluid inside the cell
162. Hypotonic - ✔️✔️ describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has lower osmolality than the fluid inside the cell

163. Isotonic - ✔️✔️ describes a solution in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolality as the fluid inside the cell
164. Lysosome - ✔️✔️ an organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell's digestive component; it breaks down proteins,
165. Polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles
166. Microscope - ✔️✔️ the instrument that magnifies an object
167. Mitochondria - ✔️✔️ the cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting
168. in the production of ATP, the cell's main energy-carrying molecule
169. Nuclear envelope - ✔️✔️ the double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus
170. Nucleolus - ✔️✔️ the darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits
171. Nucleus - ✔️✔️ the cell organelle that houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins