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A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers covering key concepts in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. It explores topics such as membrane transport, energy production, metabolic pathways, and the role of enzymes. The questions are designed to test understanding of fundamental biological processes and their applications.
Typology: Exams
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Of the following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes? A)facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients B)active transport of molecules against their concentration gradients C)maintaining the integrity of fluid mosaic membrane D)maintaining membrane at low temperatures E)a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another - ANSWER E)a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? - ANSWER small and hydrophobic molecules Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A)it is very rapid over long distances B)it requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C)it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D)it is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration E)it requires integral proteins in the cell membrane - ANSWER C)it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration A patient has a had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? - ANSWER The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells What is required for the movement of potassium into an animal cell? - ANSWER an energy source such as ATP An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing what process? - ANSWER phagocytosis Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell? A)an increase in a cell's anabolic activity B)an increase in a cell's catabolic activity C)an increased influx of cofactor molecules D)an increased amino acid concentration
E)the cell's increased transport of materials to the environment - ANSWER A)an increase in cell's anabolic activity The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as what? - ANSWER Feedback inhibition What happens to the molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? - ANSWER It loses electrons and loses energy Which of the following statements describes NAH+? A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. - ANSWER A)NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and citric acid cycle The ATP made during the Krebs Cycle is generated by what? - ANSWER substrate- level phosphorylation What process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent? - ANSWER glycolysis An electron loses potential energy when it... A) shifts to a less electronegative atom. B) shifts to a more electronegative atom. C) increases its kinetic energy. D) increases its activity as an oxidizing agent. - ANSWER B) shifts to a more electronegative atom Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods? - ANSWER They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? - ANSWER NADH and pyruvate When is most CO2 from catabolism is released? - ANSWER during the Kreb's cycle a molecule that is phosphorylated... - ANSWER has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxydized to forma two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. What do these three steps result if the formation of? - ANSWER acetyle CoA, NADH, and CO
How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate? - ANSWER 2 During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain? - ANSWER NADH During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come from? - ANSWER molecular oxygen (O2) In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP? - ANSWER energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5x the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17x that of the cell's plasma membrane. What purpose must this serve? - ANSWER it increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? A) H+ flowing through ATP Synthase B) Electrons moving through an electron transport chain C) A firefly using light flashes to attract a mate D) Electrons in a protein E) Electrons in CO2 - ANSWER D)electrons in a protein When glucose monomers are joined together by glycosidic linkages to forma cellulose polymer, the changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy are as follows: - ANSWER +△G, +△H, -△S What would happen if enzymes did not mediate catabolic, exergonic reactions of large molecules in organisms? - ANSWER All their energy would be lost as heat During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reation has a △G of -20kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the △G for the new reaction? - ANSWER -20 kcal/mol Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other processes? A) ADP + Pi ---> ATP + H2O B) C6H12O6 + 6 O2---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O---> C6H12O6 + 6 O D) amino acids---> protein E) glucose + fructose--->sucrose - ANSWER B)C6H12O6+6O2--->6CO2+6H2O
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? - ANSWER glycolysis A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment? - ANSWER blue and violet Which process is most directly driven by light energy? - ANSWER the excitement of electrons in chlorophyll molecules If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen(18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. Which of the following compounds is it? A) Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate B) glucose. C) Rubisco D) O2 - ANSWER D)O Which of the events listed below occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) NADH is produced. B) NADPH is reduced to NADP+. C) Carbon dioxide is incorporated into G3P. D) ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP. E) A proton motive force is created - ANSWER E)a proton motive force is created Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? A) Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. C) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. E) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic - ANSWER B)Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it In a plant cell during the light reaction, protons are pumped into what? - ANSWER thylakoid space When does synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism? - ANSWER both photosynthesis and respiration Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs when? - ANSWER during respiration Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place? - ANSWER stroma of the chloroplast
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? - ANSWER to synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide What do Rubisco do? - ANSWER fix CO2 into the Calvin cycle What is a major problem faced by plants that evolved in water and later adapted to life on land? - ANSWER loss of H2O CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime. They do so because... - ANSWER they fix CO2 into organic acids in their vacuole during the night Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? - ANSWER their Calvin cycle takes place in a different cell than their light reaction